• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.1139-1146
• /
• 2002

Sixty crossbred Anglo-Nubian goats (growing females), 18-24 mo of age, with a mean pre-experimental live weight of $20.9{\pm}0.44kg$ were used to investigate voluntary dry matter intake (DMI) and digestibility of supplements of Leucaena leucocephala (LL) leaves to a basal diet of guinea grass. The experiment was a 3 forms of presentation: fresh, wilted and $dry{\times}4$ levels of supplementation: 10, 20, 30 and 40% of total forage allowance with LL leaves. The goats were assigned based on weight and age to one of the twelve diets in a randomized manner and each level had five animals (replicates) per diet for 56 days. The form of presentation of LL leaves had effects on dry matter (DM) and nutrient composition. DM and NDF were higher in the dry LL leaves (p<0.05). In the diets, CP increased as the level of supplementation with LL leaves increased (p<0.05). Mean CP was similar in the fresh ($14.8{\pm}3.5%$), wilted ($14.3{\pm}3.3%$) and dry forms ($13.9{\pm}3.1%$). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in levels of supplementation. Organic matter (OM) followed the trend of CP concentration (p<0.05). Drying was observed to reduce the availability of CP at the different levels of supplementation and subsequently this affected the NDF of the diets. DM intake of the goats on the fresh and wilted LL leaves was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in those on the dry LL leaves. DM intake of the basal diet was observed to decrease as the level of supplementation (p<0.05) increased regardless of the form of presentation of LL. Growth rate was best (p<0.05) on the fresh form followed by wilted and the least in the dry form. Growth rate decreased linearly (p<0.05) with increase in the level of supplementation in the dry form. The form of presentation and level of supplementation influenced DM, CP and OM digestibility (p<0.05). Except for NDF, the digestibility of DM, CP and OM were better (p<0.05) in the goats on fresh LL leaves compared to the wilted and dry leaves. Based on the data on DMI, growth rate and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients, the results suggest that LL leaves is best utilized when fed fresh or wilted to goats. In the dry form of presentation, the best level of supplementation without a reduction in voluntary DMI and growth rate is the 20%. In the fresh and wilted form, LL leaves could be fed up to the 40% level with improved DMI, growth rate and nutrient utilization.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 1988

Water turnover and consumption of steers fed either fresh cut grass or hay and water turnover of steers grazed in summer or in fall were determined using 18 Holstein steers weighing 226 to 382 kg. Steers consumed 7.0 or 7.5 kg of dry-matter from hay or fresh cut grass. Animals fed hay drank significantly more water than those given fresh cut grass (P<0.01). Total water consumption, however, was greater in steers fed fresh cut grass than those given hay (P<0.05). Water turnover was about the same as total water consumption with a tendency for slightly higher values in water turnover irrespective of feeding regimes. Steers grazed in summer had greater water turnover than those grazed in fall. Water turnover was about the same in steers fed fresh cut grass and grazed in summer but decreased in steers on the dry ration or grazing in a cool season of the year.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.5
• /
• pp.648-658
• /
• 2020

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillus, cellulase, and molasses on chemical composition, fermentation qualities, and microorganism count of sugarcane bagasse silage after 30-days fermentation. The treatments were arranged according to a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 × 2) + 1, in a complete randomized design. The first factor consisted of two levels of Lactobacillus casei TH14 (TH14, 0 and 0.05 g/kg fresh matter; the second factor consisted of two levels of cellulase enzyme (C, 0 and 10⁴ U/kg fresh matter); and the third factor consisted of two levels of molasses (M, 0 and 5 g/ 100 mL distilled water). A treatment (+1) referred to the use of rice straw without any treatments. The result showed that dry matter increased by 4% and neutral detergent fiber decreased by 2% of sugarcane bagasse when ensiled as a combination of additives as compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse. The pH and ammonia nitrogen were significantly dropped to 3.5 and 2.3 g/kg dry matter. Furthermore, lactic acid was increased by 64% when compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria count was increased by 28% as compared to untreated sugarcane bagasse. Based on this experiment, fermenting with L. casei TH14, cellulase, and molasses in combination resulted in the promotion of the best qualities of sugarcane bagasse silage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.178-184
• /
• 1992

Five varieties of silage corn were cultivated to compare the growth characteristics and productivity. Corn varieties were Pioneer 3144(P 3144), 3160(P 3160), 3282(P 3282), 3352(P 3352) and Suweon 19 (S 19). The corns were seeded on May 2 and harvested on August 15, and measured the plant height, leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, and yields of fresh and dry matter. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Plant height of P 3352 and P 3144 grown about 280cm throughout the experimental period was the tallest(P<.Ol), and those of P 3160, P 3282 and Suweon 19 ranged from 246.3 to 256.0 cm. 2. Leaf length is the longest in P 3352 and the shortest in P 3282(97.63cm vs 84.17cm), and there was significant(P<.Ol) difference between corn varieties. 3. Stem diameter was the longest in P 3144 and the shortest(P<.Ol) in P 3352(3.28cm vs 2.66cm). 4. P 3144, P 3282 and P 3352 had the greatest(P<.Ol) fresh matter yields per 10a in leaf, stem, and ear and whole plant, respectively. 5. Dry matter yield of P 3282 was the greatest(P<.Ol) in stem(1,080.6 kg/lOa) and leaf(304.5 kg/lOa), and that of P 3352 was the greatest in ear(864.1 kg/lOa) and whole plant yield(2,021 kg/lOa). 6. Ratios of respective part of corn to total dry matter were ranged from 12.7 to 17.8 76 for leaf, 44.5 to 66.9% for stem and husks, and 16.9 to 42.8 % for ear, and the highest in P 3160, P 3160 and P 3352, respectively. Consequently, P 3352, P 3144 and P 3282 shown high productivity in dry matter yield could be recommended as a reliable corn varieties for silage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to find out the effect of seed date and rate on the agronomic characteristics and yield of forage barley in paddy field of Suwon, from 2001 to 2003. The main plots were consisted of different seeding dates such as 5th and 20th October and 5th November. The subplots were consisted of different seeding rates of barley such as 160, 190 and 220 kg/ha. Plant height was increased at the early seeding. Dry matter(DM) percentage of barley was decreased as the seeding date was delayed. Dry matter percentages of 5th and 20th October and 5th November were 47.4, 41.5 and 34.5%, respectively. Fresh matter yield of barley decreased from 30,092 to 16,018 kg/ha as the seeding date was delayed. And fresh matter yield of barley was significantly increased with the increase in the seeding rate. Dry matter yield of barley decreased from 14,230 to 5,521 kg/ha as the seeding date was delayed. And dry matter yield of barley was significantly increased with increase in the seeding rate(p<0.05). The results obtained from this study indicate that both the seeding date of 20th October and seeding rate of 220 kg/ha would be recommendable for forage yield of barley in paddy field.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.31-39
• /
• 2017

The effects of application of gypsum and fresh cattle manure on the yield of forage crop were investigated in Hwaong reclaimed land in Korea for 3 years from 2011 to 2013. This study was conducted to develop the practical application method of livestock manure as a fertilization source and a soil physico-chemical ameliorator for the cultivation of forage crop $Sorghum{\times}Sudangrass$ hybrid in newly reclaimed tidal land soil. Treatments with six applications were established with three replications; chemical fertilizer (CF), gypsum (G) $20Mg\;ha^{-1}$, G+fresh cattle manure (FCM) 100%, G+FCM 200%, G+FCM 300% and FCM 100% which referred to the application rate equivalent to the recommended amount of phosphate fertilization by soil test. The combined treatments of G+FCM increased soil organic matter, $Av.P_2O_5$ and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ contents while decreased exchangeable $Na^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. The soil bulk density, soil hardness and soil aggregate formation were improved by G+FCM treatments. The dry matter yields of $Sorghum{\times}Sudangrass$ hybrid were significantly increased in proportion to the application rate of FCM. The phosphorus use efficiency showed the highest in the application level of G+FCM 100%, which seemed to be the results of reduced nutrient use efficiency by nutrient immobilization, leaching etc. when applied excessive amount of fresh animal manure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.123-126
• /
• 1993

Hand dibbling in rows produced higher (p < 0.05) fresh and dry matter (DM), fodder yield, higher plant density and cob yield than broadcasted. However, the varying seed rates (40, 50 and 55 kg/ha) did not affect (p < 0.05) the fresh and DM yield and cob yield except for 30 kg/ha seed rate which produced the lowest (p < 0.01). However, the overall average fresh fodder yield and the fresh and DM yield of cob were 24.97, 10.04 and 6.90 t/ha respectively. The overall average plant height (cm), cob/plant (nos.) plant/ha, (nos.) cob/ha (nos.) and weight (g) of one cob were 178, 1.11, 664141, 70104 and 145 respectively for both the sowing methods and the four seed rates. Crude protein contents of maize plant and cob by-products (8.12% and 7.34% respectively) indicated promising cattle feeds along with human food.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.807-817
• /
• 2016

Many onion growers and researchers assert that differences in soil type, agricultural practices, weather, and duration of prolonged onion cultivation in a particular field could affect onion bulb quality. This study evaluates the bulb quality of onions grown in different regions and determines the correlations between bulb characteristics and postharvest loss during cold and ambient storage. Soil and onion bulbs were collected from fields in six onion growing regions in Korea, during the growing season of 2011-2012. The fresh weight, dry matter content, and carbon (C), sulfur and magnesium contents of the onion bulbs were significantly affected by the location in which they were grown. Bulbs grown in Muan had the greatest number of scales, thinnest scale thickness, and the highest total soluble solids (TSS) and total flavonoids (TF). Bulbs originating from Jecheon had the lowest pyruvic acid (PA), total phenolics and TF. Storage loss of bulbs from the different regions was similar in refrigerated storage, but differed in ambient temperature storage. Bulb fresh weight was positively correlated with scale thickness (r = 0.617) and cold storage loss (CSL; r = 0.398). Dry matter content was positively correlated with C (r = 0.958) and TF (r = 0.256) contents, while it was negatively correlated with CSL (r = -0.424). CSL was primarily affected by the fresh weight, as well as the dry matter, C, and PA contents of the bulbs, while ambient storage loss was primarily influenced by the amount of TSS.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2007

Environment factors related to the distribution of organic matter in surface seawater and sediments were investigated to estimate main pollution sources and range of their influence in Gwangyang Bay. The main pollution sources for the factors that affect organic matter distribution could be divided into three main sources: fresh water runoffs from Seomjin and Dong River, Gwangyang-si domestic sewage, and Yosu Industrial Complex. Considering the characteristics in horizontal distributions of the environmental factors in water column, sediment, and water current regime, the influencing range of these main sources was likely to be divided into three areas within the bay as follows: Area I receiving lots of fresh water from Seomjin River, Area II receiving lots of domestic sewage from Gwangyang-si and fresh water of Dong River, Area III receiving lots of materials from Yosu Industrial Complex. Area I seems to be characterized as low salinity, high concentration of $NO_3-N,\;and\;SiO_2-Si$, Area II as low salinity, high concentration of $NO_3-N,\;NH_4-N,\;and\;SiO_2-Si$, and Area III as high water temperature, high concentration of $NH_4-N,\;and\;PO_4-P$ in water column, high concentration of $NH_4-N,\;PO_4-P,\;and\;SiO_2-Si$ in surface sediments.