• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 2012

Horse manure general composition and contaminants, heavy metals content analysis was investigated as follows. The moisture content of horse feces was 76.1% and 96% for horse urine. The average T-N, T-P, T-K concentrations of the racing horse were 0.18%, 0.10%, 0.22% respectively and 2.88%, 0.0015%, 0.84% for urine. And the average BODs, COD, SS concentrations were 26,906 $mg/{\ell}$, 36,642 $mg/{\ell}$, 89,375 $mg/{\ell}$ respectively and 14,298 $mg/{\ell}$, 7,484 $mg/{\ell}$, 6,987 $mg/{\ell}$ for urine. In addition, the Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn concentrations of feces were 2.65 mg/kg, 7.05 mg/kg, 1.24 mg/kg, 0.07 mg/kg, 0.01 mg/kg, 45.11 mg/kg respectively and 1.52 mg/kg, 1.62 mg/kg, 0.00 mg/kg, 0.03 mg/kg, 0.03 mg/kg, 4.49 mg/kg for urine on the fresh matter basis. The end of the survey was that the quality of the compost can be used as a raw material, and manure is necessary to constantly driven forward horse manure composting research.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-109
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• 2019

The effect of packaging and storage methods in enhancing the shelf life and improving the postharvest quality of the Korean head cabbage (Brassica rapa) used for wrapping vegetables was studied at 10℃. The wrapping cabbage was packed using four types of packaging and storage materials: (A) Perforated PP film; (B) Non-perforated PP film; (C) PVC film for wrapping; and (D) non-packaged as control. The quality parameters, such as fresh appearance, weight loss, hue angle, moisture content, hardness, and SSC of wrapping cabbage were investigated. The weight loss of wrapping cabbage showed a significant difference between the one packaged with film and the non-packaged as control. The general appearance of Korean cabbage stored at 10℃ was not significantly affected by the packaging treatments. However, Korean head cabbage packaged with perforated film tend to show a better external appearance compared with those exposed to the other packaging during three weeks of storage at 10℃. The inside appearance, hue angle, moisture content, hardness, and SSC, gradually decreased during the storage period. No remarkable change in the measured items were observed in Korean cabbage packaging methods. In this experiment, the Korean cabbage packaged inside a PP film with holes, and stored at 10℃ temperature had the most desirable outcome of extending the head cabbage's shelf life and appearance quality. Results suggest that perforated packaging treatment combined with low storage temperature could be an effective method in prolonging the shelf life of Korean cabbage for wrapping vegetable.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1994

This study was rimed out to examine the difference in the cell vitality between mesophyII protoplast (MP) and paraveinal mesophyII protoplast (PVMP) of Nicotiana tabaccum 'Xanti', Petunia hybrida 'Blue Star' and Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Baeckwang' by using urea permeability technique. The effects of various enzyme solutions and incubation time, NAA and thidiazron on plant regeneration from isolated protoplasts were also investigated. The vibratome technique was used for protoplast isolation and urea permeability test because the fresh living, thin tissue stripes (50 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ of thickness) could be obtained with minimal damage with the vibratome. For the three plants examined, the urea permeability on the tested tissue stripes was relatively higher in PVMP than in MP by about Ks = 2.0 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ cm/sec. The treatment of an enzyme mixture of 1.5% cellulase R-10, 1% Driselase, 0.5% Macerozyme R-10, and 0.5% Pectinase for 4 to 8 h was effective on the isolation of PVMP. The highest frequency of callus formation and plant regeneration from the isolated protoplasts was obtained with NAA 2 mg/L and thidiazuron 0.01 mg/L. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that cell devision and plantlet regeneration was more frequent in the PVMP than in the MP of the same leaf or plant We, therefore, conclude that UM is an excellent experimental material for the callus formation and regeneration from isolated protoplasts.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2004

The studies on cryopreserved arterial allograft have been focused on cooling methods, pre-treatment, cryoprotectant agents, and preservation temperature. But recently, several studies have reported that thawing methods also play an important role in the occurrence of macroscopic and microscopic cracks. This study was designed to investigate the cell injury after thawing, using a rabbit model to clarify the effect of thawing methods on cryopreserved arteries. Material and Method: Segments of the rabbit aorta were obtained and divided into 3 groups (n=60) according to whether the specimens were fresh (control, n=20), cryopreserved and rapidly thawed (RT) at 37$^{\circ}C$ (n=20), or cryopreserved and subjected to controlled, automated slow thawing (ST)(n=20). Cell damage was established using the TUNEL method and the morphological changes were also evaluated. Result: In the group that was rapidly thawed, the expression of TUNEL (＋) cells increased significantly more than in the slowly thawed group. In addition, the endothelial denudation, microvesicles and edema were significant in the rapidly thawed group compared with those changes in the slowly thawed group. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the rapid thawing method may be one of the major causes of cellular damage and delayed rupture in cryopresewed arterial allografts. The expression of TUNEL (＋) cells and structural changes were significantly low in the slowly thawed group, which might have contributed to the improvement of graft failure after transplantation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.785-789
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• 2003

To accept basic data of utilizing of Comus of officianalis as a raw material of new food and industrial products, major chemical components were investigatied. Comparing proximate composition of flesh and seed of Cornus officianalis, seed contained higher crude ash, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber, with less moisture and reducing sugar. The main components of free sugars in flesh and seed were fructose. The main components of organic acid in fresh and seed were malic and citric acid. Analysing total amino acids, 18 kinds of components were isolated from Cornus officianalis. The total amino acid contents of flesh and seed were 230.41 mg% and 883.81 mg%, respectively. Although the amino acid compositions of flesh and seed were different, glycine, leucine, histidine and lysine were the major components in both portion. The total amount of free amino acid were less than those of total amino acids. As a results of mineral analysis, the content of K was much higher than those of Fe, Zn and Cu. The contents of linolenic and linoleic acid were higher than those of oleic, palmitic and stearic acid.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.301-305
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• 2013

This study was performed to select adequate plant materials for developing a natural ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor by analyzing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity in fronds and rhizomes of three Dryopteridaceae species: Cyrtomium fortunei, Polystichum polyblepharum, and P. lepidocaulon. The highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor obtained from frond of P. lepidocaulon ($4.16{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and rhizome of C. fortunei ($1.84{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), showed much higher inhibition activity than acarbose ($1413.70{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The biomass required to inhibit ${\alpha}$-glucosidase by 50% was 0.04 ~ 0.35mg for frond and 0.03 ~ 0.10mg for rhizome, and P. lepidocaulon required the least amount of fronds and P. lepidocaulon the least rhizomes. In frond, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in water fraction of C. fortunei ($20.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and n-butanol fraction of P. lepidocaulon ($9.33{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and P. polyblepharum ($5.10{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). In rhizome, it was the highest in n-butanol fractions of C. fortunei ($19.76{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$) and P. polyblepharum ($4.47{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$), and ethylacetate fraction of P. lepidocaulon ($5.46{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$). The frond biomass required for 50% ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.43mg), and n-butanol fractions of P. lepidocaulon (1.10mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.66mg). The required biomass of rhizome was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.59mg), and n-hexane fractions of P. lepidocaulon (0.04mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.15mg). The result of this study suggested that the three Dryopteridaceae species had high ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity with small biomass, which might have high value as materials for economical anti-diabetic medication.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.585-601
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of several intracoronal base materials to prevent cervical leakage of a bleaching agent into the dentinal tubules and along the root canal. In this study, thirty-two anterior teeth were used. After lingual access was prepared in each tooth, tooth was instrumented with a step-back technique to a Nos. 40-50 using K-type files. All teeth were obturated with a lateral condensation technique. Excess gutta percha was removed with a warm instrument to the facial level of the CEJ. Teeth were divided into four groups : Teeth in control group were not filled with base material. Teeth in groups 1, 2, and 3 had 2mm of gutta percha removed with a warm instrument, then Dycal, Fuki II LC and Z-100 were filled with palstic instruments on the top of the gutta percha respectively. All teeth were bleached for 7 days, fresh bleach was added for another 7 days, then a 10 % methylene blue dye was placed inside the access preparation. They were stored at $37^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ humidity for 5 days. Each tooth was sectioned perpendicular to the long axis using a diamond disk. Initial cuts were made at the most coronal level of facial and lingual CEJ's, then another cuts continued appically in the levels of 0.5mm, 1.5mm, and 2.0mm respectively. The amount of dye leakage through the dentinal tubules was determined at each cut section. In addition, when the cut specimen was determined to be last penetration of any dye, this level was recorded as depth of apical leakage from the coronal terminus of the gutta percha, Dycal, Fuji II LC and Z-100. The acquired data were analyzed by Tukey's Multiple Range Test adn Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Test to see if there was any statistically significant difference in dye penetration and linear apical leakage among the groups. The results were as follows : 1. Control group at levels of CEJ and 0.5mm, group 3 at level of 1.5mm, and group 2 AND 3 at level of 2.0mm showed the least dye penetration through the facial or lingual dentinal tubules, but there were no significant difference among three groups. 2. Group 2 at levels of CEJ and 0.5mm, group 3 at level of 1.5mm, and group 2 and 3 at level of 2.0mm showed the least dye penetration through the proximal dentinal tubules, but there were no significant difference among control group, group 2, and group 3. 3. Group 1 showed the greatest dye penetration through the facial or lingual and proximal dentinal tubules at all levels, and there were significant difference with other three groups. 4. Control group and group 1 showed 2mm apical dye leakage at facial or lingual and proximal aspects, group 2 showed 1.5mm, and group 3 showed 0.5mm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.230-236
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• 2019

Recently, issues related to the quality of concrete have continuously resulted in surface quality problems, such as the exfoliation of concrete surfaces due to the cost reduction of cement and poor quality fine aggregate, scaling of surfaces caused by laitance, and plastic shrinkage cracks. Prompted by social issues, the application of a photo catalyst to road structures is being attempted to solve the environmental problems caused by fine dust and automobile exhaust. In this study, chemical admixtures were developed to improve the surface quality of concrete and to apply and distribute titanium dioxide in nanoscale sizes to provide basic data for the development of a photocatalyst-curing agent. As a result of the experiment, silicon and silane were reviewed as a raw material as a curing agent to develop a high performance curing agent with better film performance than conventional curing agents because they could form a film quickly on a fresh concrete surface. The distributed stability of the ultrasonic disperser showed the best performance through an outdoor test for four weeks to review the dispersion measures for the application of nanomaterials.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 2010

A simple extraction method was applied to control four selected cyanobacteria, solitary (SMA) and colonial Microcystis aeruginosa (CMA), and green algae, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris using a domestic plant and mineral. Three kinds of concentrations (1, 5, and 10 mg $L^{-1}$) of three fresh plants Camellia sinensis, Quercus acutissima, and Castanea crenata, three minerals loess, quartz porphyry, and natural zeolite, and plant-mineral composite, totally seven materials were prepared with the simple extraction processes: drying and grinding of material, water-extraction by high temperature-sonication and filtering. Cyanobacteria SMA and CMA (over 60% of control) were effectively inhibited with the low concentration (1 mg $L^{-1}$) of plants Q. acutissima and C. crenata and natural zeolite, while green alga S. quadricauda (below 50% of control) also retarded in growth. Low concentrations (1 mg $L^{-1}$) of C. sinensis effectively increased the growth of C. vulgaris, while loess also induced the algal growth of S. quadricauda. Therefore, our results indicate that crude extract of domestic plants, Q. acutissima and C. crenata can be also useful to control the cyanobacterial bloom in eutrophic lake, whereas C. sinensis and loess may be a good growth factor or useful media for the algal mass culture.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.448-457
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• 1999

Citrus fruits are consumed worldwide due to their unique flavor and nutrition value. It is necessary to remove the haze material as well as to minimize the loss of major compounds such as organic acids, sugars, and ascorbic acid in membrane processes for clarification of juice. The objective of our research was to select the best membrane among one surface filter (Whatman No.4) and five microfiltration filters (GF/A, GF/D, GF/F, Gelman, and SM). Tangerine fresh blended with three times of water was partially clarified with 170 mesh followed by prefiltration in a Samduck filtration system. The best membrane was selected by measuring the amounts of major compounds in the permeates as well as the flux which were statistically analyzed with SAS program. The foulants on the membrane surface were observed by SEM. The flux of GF/A and GF/F decreased with time at probability 0.10. Gelman, SM, and GF/D maintained the stable flux. Gelman showed the highest total scores including nutritive value (the amounts of citrate, malate, and ascorbic acid) and purchasing need (brix and color). Therefore, the microfiltration membrane process was a very effective method in tangerine juice clarification and Gelman type A/E was proved to be the best membrane among the five microfiltration membranes.