• 제목/요약/키워드: Fresh Cut Grass

검색결과 9건 처리시간 0.024초

WATER TURNOVER OF GROWING CATTLE FED FRESH CUT GRASS OR HAY AND GRAZED ON PASTURE

  • Sekine, J.;Morita, Z.;Asahida, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제1권3호
    • /
    • pp.163-166
    • /
    • 1988
  • Water turnover and consumption of steers fed either fresh cut grass or hay and water turnover of steers grazed in summer or in fall were determined using 18 Holstein steers weighing 226 to 382 kg. Steers consumed 7.0 or 7.5 kg of dry-matter from hay or fresh cut grass. Animals fed hay drank significantly more water than those given fresh cut grass (P<0.01). Total water consumption, however, was greater in steers fed fresh cut grass than those given hay (P<0.05). Water turnover was about the same as total water consumption with a tendency for slightly higher values in water turnover irrespective of feeding regimes. Steers grazed in summer had greater water turnover than those grazed in fall. Water turnover was about the same in steers fed fresh cut grass and grazed in summer but decreased in steers on the dry ration or grazing in a cool season of the year.

Intake, Digestibility In vivo, N Utilization and In sacco Dry Matter Degradability of Grass Silage Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity

  • Vranic, Marina;Knezevic, Mladen;Perculija, Goran;Bosnjak, Kresimir;Leto, Josip
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제22권2호
    • /
    • pp.225-231
    • /
    • 2009
  • The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of grass maturity at harvest on the nutritive value of grass silage (GS) in relation to voluntary intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability. Silage was cut from a sward dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at the late-vegetative (early-cut), internode elongation (mediumcut) and flowering (late-cut) stages of growth. The DM yield at harvest was the lowest for early-cut silage (5.4 t/ha) and increased to 6.5 and 7.0 t/ha for the medium and late-cut silage respectively. As the crop matured, the crude protein (CP) concentration decreased significantly (p<0.05) and there was a marked increase in acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration (p<0.001). The three different silages were offered to four 18-month old Charolais wether sheep to measure the voluntary intake, in vivo digestibility and N retention over four 21-day periods in an incomplete changeover design. Silage degradability characteristics were determined using four fistulated sheep to measure DM degradability over 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. There was a linear decrease in the voluntary intake of silage fresh matter, DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and CP, and digestibility of OM in DM (Dvalue) ($P_L<0.01$) as harvesting of grass was delayed. Nitrogen intake, N output in urine, N output in faeces and N balance also linearly decreased ($P_L<0.01$) with postponed harvesting of grass for silage. DM degradability and effective degradability (ED) significantly decreased with increasing maturity of grass at harvest. The results suggest that harvesting date has a significant influence on the nutritive value of GS in terms of intake, digestibility, N balance and in sacco degradability in the rumen. It was concluded that early harvest GS ensured higher intake, digestibility, N intake and DM degradability in comparison with the medium and the late cut GS as a result of improved rumen N efficiency and utilization probably due to a better balance of available energy and protein.

Fertility Assessment of the Piggery Wastewater Trickling Filtrate for Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Soil

  • Yang, Jae E.;Kim, Jeong-Je;Shin, Young-Oh;Shin, Myung-Kyo;Park, Yong-Ha
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
    • /
    • 제42권1호
    • /
    • pp.34-39
    • /
    • 1999
  • In search of a method to achieve sustainable agricultural practices, a trickling filter was employed for the piggery wastewater treatment, where rice straw was the support medium in place of more commonly used materials. The filtrate from the trickling filter were applied to a soil, on which orchard grass (Dactylic glomerata L.) was grown followed by amendment of the treated straw medium. Orchard grass was cut twice, and growth parameters and yields were measured. Soil chemical properties before and after harvesting orchard grass were analyzed. Development of the forage crop was greatly enhanced by the application of the filtrate in terms of fresh weight, dry weight, and the absorption of nutrients. Better growth and higher nutrient uptake were found in the second cutting of the orchard grass. Organic matter content, ionic intensity, exchangeable cations, and phosphate of the soil increased with the application of the filtrate. The relative high concentrations of salts in the piggery trickling filtrate, expressed in electrical conductivity and content of sodium, exerted no detrimental effect on the crop and soil.

  • PDF

Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility and Milk Yield by Friesian Cows Fed Two Napier Grass Varieties

  • Gwayumba, W.;Christensen, D.A.;McKinnon, J.J.;Yu, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제15권4호
    • /
    • pp.516-521
    • /
    • 2002
  • The objective of this study was to compare two varieties of Napier grass (Bana Napier grass vs French Cameroon Napier grass) and to determine whether feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG) and milk yield of lactating Friesian cows from fresh cut Bana Napier grass was greater than from French Cameroon Napier grass, using a completely randomized design. Results show that Bana Napier grass had similar percent dry matter (DM), ash and gross energy (GE) to French Cameroon. Bana grass had higher percent crude protein (CP) and lower fiber fractions, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin compared to French Cameroon. Overall the forage quality was marginally higher in Bana Napier grass compared to French Cameroon. The DM and NDF intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (BW) were similar in both Napier grass types. Both grasses had similar digestible DM and energy. Bana had higher digestible CP but lower digestible ADF and NDF than French Cameroon. Bana Napier was not different from French Cameroon when fed as a sole diet to lactating cows in terms of low DM intake, milk yield and a loss of BW and condition. To improve the efficient utilization of both Napier grass varieties, a supplement capable of supplying 1085-1227 g CP/d and 17.0-18.0 Mcal ME/d is required for cows to support moderate gains 0.22 kg/d and 15 kg 4% fat corrected milk/d.

몇 가지 자생 초화류의 사면녹화 특성 (Characteristics of Several Korean Native Herbaceous Plants for Cut Slope Revegetation)

  • 송정섭;장영득;이상정;방창석;허건양;정명일;정현환
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.10-16
    • /
    • 2005
  • This experiment was conducted to study on application of several Korean native plants by seed spray methods for cut slope revegetation, and possibility of replacement almost imported tall fescue seeds by native herbaceous plants. So, we investigated growth and covering rate after sowing native plants seeds at the artificial slope plots in Suwon and the rock exposed cut-slopes in Wonju city. Emergence rate after seed spray at artificial slopes were higher Elsholtzia splendens and Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, showing the highest in E. splendens. Also, E. splendens, D. superbus var. longicalycinus, and Agrostemma coronaria were possible to use for seed spray at the rock exposed cut-slopes. The plots of mixed native plants show more seasonal scenery than that of tall fescue. Soil surface run-off by Typhoon was less in plot sown native plants than those of lawn grass, resulting fresh weight of roots was heavier. Thus, we found that the mixed seed spray of several native herbaceous plants, E. splendens, D. superbus var. longicalycinus, and Agrostemma coronaria, were well covered the slopes as tall fescue.

The Nutritive Value of Mulberry Leaves (Morus alba) and Partial Replacement of Cotton Seed in Rations on the Performance of Growing Vietnamese Cattle

  • Vu, Chi Cuong;Verstegen, M.W.A.;Hendriks, W.H.;Pham, K.C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제24권9호
    • /
    • pp.1233-1242
    • /
    • 2011
  • The in vivo digestibility of mulberry leaves (Morus alba) and the effects of the partial replacement of cotton seed with fresh mulberry leaf in rations on the performance of growing Vietnamese cattle was investigated. For the in vivo digestibility trial, twenty castrated rams of Phanrang breed (a local prolific breed) with an initial weight of 23-25 kg, were first assigned to four groups according to weight and then randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments to determine digestibility of nutrients in mulberry leaves (M. alba), natural Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and buffalo grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58). All forages were cut and chopped daily before being offered (at 120% maintenance) to the sheep. In the feeding trial, 20 Laisind (Vietnam yellow cows${\times}$Red Sindhy bulls) crossbred bulls averaged 18 month old and 184 kg were used to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cottonseed in the diet by mulberry leaves on live weight gain and feed conversion rate. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four levels of fresh mulberry leaves which varied from 0 to 15% of total dietary dry mater and five animals per treatment over an 84 day period. The in vivo digestion trial showed the superior quality of mulberry leaves compared with the grasses. Chemical analysis indicated that mulberry leaves had the highest CP and the lowest NDF contents (22.3 and 31.1% DM, respectively) among the four forages tested. Digestibility of DM and OM of the mulberry leaf (66.4 and 71.8%, respectively) was also the highest but that of CP (58.2%) and NDF (58.4%) was the lowest of the four forages evaluated (p<0.05). Consequently, the ME value and therefore net energy (NE) and unit feed for lactation (UFL) values of the mulberry leaves, which was estimated from chemical composition and digestibility values, were the highest among the forages investigated in the present study. Results of the feeding trial showed no treatment effect on average daily gain (ADG) of the cattle. The values were 554, 583, 565 and 568 g/d for animals in the diets of 0, 5, 10, and 15% mulberry leaves inclusion, respectively. Total DM intake of the animal was not affected by the treatment when expressed as kg/animal/d. However, when adjusted for metabolic weight of the animal the DM intake was reduced (p<0.05) as whole cottonseed was replaced by mulberry leaves in the ration. When the level of mulberry leaves in the ration increased from 5 to 15% of dietary DM at the expense of whole cottonseed, CP and ME intakes of the cattle were significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the feed to gain ratio reduced by 8 to 14% as compared with the control diet (p<0.05). Mulberry leaf is a good feed ingredient for ruminants because of its high level of crude protein and high digestibility of nutrients and energy. Mulberry leaves can be efficiently used as a source of protein supplement to replace cottonseed, a more expensive animal feeds ingredient, in the diet for Vietnamese cattle.

겨풀(Leersia oryzoides SW.)에 대한 Glyphosate와 수종(數種) 제초제간(除草劑間)의상호작용(相互作用) 효과(效果) (Interaction Effects between Glyphosate and Some Other Herbicides on Cutgrass, Leersia oryzoides SW)

  • 임일빈;구자옥;이계홍
    • 한국잡초학회지
    • /
    • 제7권3호
    • /
    • pp.329-336
    • /
    • 1987
  • Glyphosate의 수종(數種) 제초제간(除草劑間)의 혼용(混用)에 따른 상호작용(相互作用)을 검토(檢討)할 목적(目的)으로 겨풀에 대한 경엽처리효과(莖葉處理效果)와 피를 위시한 기타 잡초종(雜草種)에 대한 발생전처리효과(發生前處理效果)를 동시에 평가(評價)하였다. 폿트를 이용하여 plastic house에서 수행(遂行)되었으며, 주요(主要) 결과(結果)를 다음과 같이 요약(要約)할 수 있다. 1. 약제처리후(藥劑處理後)의 경시적(經時的)인 달관평가(達觀評價)에 의하면, glyphosate에 oxyfluorfen을 혼용(混用)함으로써 겨풀의 살초속도(殺草速度)와 살초효과(殺草效果)가 모두 향상(向上)되었으나 alachlor, simazine, gluphosinate 또는 quizalofop-ethyl의 혼용(混用)으로는 약효발현(藥效發現)이 지연되었고, paraquat 혼용(混用)으로는 효과(效果)가 빨랐던 반면(反面) 약효(藥效)는 떨어지는 경향(傾向)이었다. 2. 처리후(處理後) 30일(日)에의 겨풀 생체중(生體重)으로 보아, 공시약제(供試藥劑) 각각의 고약량(高藥量) 수준(水準)(실용(實用)의 1/2) 혼용(混用)에서는 alachlor 또는 paraquat 이외의 모든 조합(組合)에 서 glyphosate 단제(單劑) 보다 비등(比等) 이상(以上)의 살초력(殺草力)을 나타내었다. 3. Glyphosate에 대한 공시(供試) 약제(藥劑)의 어떤 조합(組合) 혼용(混用)에서도 synergism은 인정(認定)되지 않았고, 오히려 저약량수준(低藥量水準)의 simazme이나 paraquat 혼용(混用)에서는 유의적(有意的)인 길항작용(拮抗作用)이 인정(認定)되었다. 4. 피 및 기타 초종(草種)에 대한 토양잔류성(土壤殘留性) 제초효과(除草效果)는 glyphosate와의 혼용(混用) 여부(與否)에 관계없이 oxyfluorfen, alachlor, simazine 및 일부 quizalofop-ethyl이 처리(處理)된 곳에서 인정(認定)이 되었다.

  • PDF

Meat Production Characteristics of Black Bengal Goat

  • Chowdhury, S.A.;Faruque, S.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • 제17권6호
    • /
    • pp.848-856
    • /
    • 2004
  • Black Bengal goat is primarily reared for meat, skin comes here as a by-product. The present trial describes the effect of age on different carcass characteristics of Black Bengal goats of either sex. A total of 61 Black Bengal goats of different age and sex groups were slaughtered. They were reared under semi-intensive management on milk alone or with concentrates (of 10.14 MJ ME and 10.48 g M/kg DM) and freshly cut Napier grass (2 MJ ME and 25 g CP/kg of fresh matter) that provides the estimated NRC (1981) requirement. The four age groups were: pre-weaned kids (0-90 day), post-weaned kids (91-180 days), growing (181-365 days) and adult (>365 days). Goats were slaughtered according to 'Halal' method by severing the major vessels of the throat by a transverse cut. Different slaughter parameters of Black Bengal goat can be best predicted from the equations as follows: live weight (kg)=0.801 (shoulder height (cm))-24.32, ($r^{2}$=0.94); carcass weight (kg)=0.364 (height at hind legs (cm))-11.54, ($r^{2}$=0.91); edible weight (kg)=0.623 (shoulder height (cm))-19.94, ($r^{2}$=0.91) and saleable weight (kg)=0.701 (shoulder height (cm))-21.99, ($r^{2}$=0.92). Live weight, carcass weight, edible weight and saleable weight of castrated goat at one-year onward ranges from 20-22, 9.4-10.5, 14-16 and 16.6-18.8 kg, respectively, which are about 80% higher than most of the reported observations on Black Bengal goat of same age and sex. Slaughter weight, warm carcass weight, edible weight and saleable weight increased curvilinearly with age of slaughter but not affected (p>0.05) by sex. However, linearity of the response curve of affect of age on mentioned parameters ends at around 9 months. Visceral fat as per cent of live weight increased curvilinearly with age and attain its maximum (about 6%) at about 500 days. However, linear part of the quadratic model ends at about 300 days when visceral fat content is about 4.8% of body weight. Blood and skin yield for one-year old male goat was 797 g and 1.61 kg, respectively. Absolute yield of blood and skin increased curvilinealry and attained maximum level at about 400 days (13.3 months). Average proportion of different carcass cut were - round 27%, rump 7%, loin 10%, ribs (6-12th) 14%, shoulder 21%, Neck 7%, chest 14%. Thigh and shoulder constituted about 48.3% of the cold carcass weight. Overall crude protein content of meat samples of different carcass cuts progressively decreased with age starting from 57 at 0-90 days to 58, 47 and 33 per cent, respectively at 91-180, 181-365 and >365 days, respectively. Overall meat fat content increased almost linearly from 11.1% during 91-180 days to 22.9 and 39.5% during 181-365 and >365days, respectively. Results from this trial suggest that both carcass yield and carcass composition changes with age; and sex have little or no effect on carcass yield and carcass composition. However, caution should be made in using second conclusion as there were few female animals slaughtered relative to the male. Optimum slaughter age for Black Bengal goat reared under semi-intensive management with adequate feeding and management would be about 9 months when their live weight, warm carcass weight, edible and saleable weight of carcass can be about 16.74, 7.28, 12.05 and 13.81 kg, respectively.

싸리류(類)의 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 생산성(生産性)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Productivity of Lespedeza Species by the Number of Cutting Times)

  • 한영창
    • 한국산림과학회지
    • /
    • 제23권1호
    • /
    • pp.17-27
    • /
    • 1974
  • 1972년(年)부터 1973년(年)까지 2개년간(個年間) 싸리 조록싸리 풀싸리를 공시재료(供試材料)로 하여 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 생육상황(生育狀況) 생산성(生産性) 사료가(飼料價) 비료가(肥料價)의 변화(變化)를 구명(究明)코저 년간(年間) 1.2.4회(回) 예확구(刈穫區)를 설정(設定) 예확시험(刈穫試驗)을 실시한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 싸리 조록싸리 풀싸리 모두가 년간(年間) 4회예확(回刈穫)의 4번예(番刈)만을 제외(除外)하고는 전년도(前年度)보다 생육(生育) 및 생산량(生産量)이 증가(增加)하였다. 2. 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 종별(種別) 생산량(生産量)은 종간예확회수간(種間刈穫回數間) 1%가 넘는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수가 있으며 종간(種間)에서는 싸리 풀싸리 조록싸리의 순위(順位)로 수확량(收穫量)이 많았고 년간(年間) 4회예확(回刈穫)의 4번예(番刈)는 생육(生育) 및 수확량(收穫量)의 감소(減少)를 가져왔다. 3. 싸리 조록싸리 풀싸리 모두 년간(年間) 예확회수(刈穫回數)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 생건비(生乾比)(건중량(乾重量)/생중량(生重量)) 엽경비(葉莖比)(경중량(莖重量)/엽중량(葉重量))는 감소(減少)했다. 4. 사료가중(飼料價中) 조단백질은 생육(生育)시기가 진행(進行)함에 따라 감소(減少)하는데 반해 조섬유는 증가(增加)하였으며 특(特)히 조지방(粗脂肪)은 예확회수별(刈穫回數別) 예확시기(刈穫時期)에 따라 변화(變化)가 많았다. 5. 비료가(肥料價)는 공시종(供試種) 전부(全部) 예확시기(刈穫時期)가 늦은것이 낮게 나타났다. 6. 싸리류(類)를 사비료(飼肥料)로 사용(使用)코저 할때는 사비료가(飼肥料價)가 높은 싸리 풀싸리로써 년간(年間) 2-3회(回) 예확(刈穫)이 좋겠고 연료(燃料)로 사용(使用)코저 할때는 생산량(生産量)이 많은 싸리로써 년일회(年一回) 예확(刈穫)이 좋은 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.

  • PDF