• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2022

The African swine fever virus (ASFV) remains contagious for a long time, not only in the carcass, but also in the bone marrow of an infected animal. The scavenging activity of various animals on ASFV-infected carcasses is a likely risk factor for ASFV transmission. Thus, we conducted this study to determine whether scavengers are potential vectors for ASFV. In nonprotected wild boar carcasses on the forest floor, we investigated the seasonal patterns of carcass decomposition and scavenger visits for feeding on them. The duration from fresh to early skeletonization (only bones and leather remaining) of adult carcasses was 37.6±23.1 days (n=3, range=11-51 days) in winter. The duration from fresh to later skeletonization (only bones and some fur remaining) of all carcasses, including subadult carcasses, was 8.3±2.5 days (n=4, range=7-12 days) in summer. At all three study sites, leopard cats (30.3%), large-billed crows (21.6%), and golden eagles (18.1%) were the frequently visiting species, representing more than 10% of the total visits (343 visits) in winter, whereas raccoons (21.9%), grey-backed thrushes (39.4%), and eyebrowed thrushes (14.7%) were the most frequent visitors in summer. In winter, crows or cinereous vultures were the first animals to arrive at a carcass; in summer, raccoons or crows arrived first. Our results showed that wild boars, raccoons, and leopard cats relatively frequently visited wild boar carcasses and stayed there for a long time. Wild rodents chewing on or staying near carcasses were photographed during winter. In addition to wild boars, thus, mammals, such as raccoons, leopard cats and rodents, and birds, such as accipitrids and thrushes, may be spreaders of ASFV in South Korea.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.565-573
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the preference factors of the Korean MZ generation with regards to the online programs developed by museums abroad during the COVID-19 pandemic. World renown museums such as the British Museum, the National Gallery of London, Van Gogh Museum, J. Paul Getty Museum, Hasting Contemporary, Uffizi Gallery, and the Guggenheim Museum tackled the social-distancing situation with various creative online programs and events to continue their role as socially relevant institutions. Ten acclaimed programs conducted by these museums were shown to the Korean MZ generation, the most digitally savvy and frequent visitors to museums, to extract their responses to the various types of programs. The study showed that the Korean MZ generation prefer online programs which most closely reflect the onsite experience of a museum, and online contents with educational elements.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.53-62
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• 2022

In this study, we have investigated the shielding evaluation methodology for facilities using kV energy generators. We have collected and analysis of safety evaluation criteria and methodology for overseas facilities using radiation generators. And we investigated the current status of shielding evaluation of domestic industrial radiation generators. According to the statistical data from the Radiation Safety Information System, as of 2022, a total of 7,679 organizations are using radiation generating devices. Among them, 6,299 facilities use these devices for industrial purposes, which accounts for a considerable portion of radiation. The organizations that use these devices evaluate whether the exposure dose for workers and frequent visitors is suitable as per the limit regulated by the Nuclear Safety Act. Moreover, during this process, the safety shields are evaluated at the facilities that use the radiation generating devices. However, the facilities that use radiating devices having energy less than or equal to 6 MV for industrial purposes are still mostly evaluated and analyzed according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements 49 (NCRP 49) report published in 1976. We have investigated the technical standards of safety management, including the maximum permissible dose and parameters assessment criteria for facilities using radiation generating devices, based on the NCRP 49 and the American National Standards Institute/Health Physics Society N.43.3 reports, which are the representative reports related to radiation shielding management cases overseas.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.4 s.48
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• pp.693-709
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• 1994

This epidemiologic study was carried out to investigate cauuse and magnitude of food-poisoning like epidemic occurred among inhabitants of a village who have eaten dead cow's meat near Kyongju in February of 1994, around lunar new year, The investigation consisted of interview survey on all inhabitants of 77 households (111 males and 119 females) and their visitors (40 males and 35 females), skin test with anthraxinum (Russian product), study on clinical characteristics for the patients hospitalized, and microbiologic examination on microbes isolated from cow's meat, patient and soils of dead cow's barn. The results obtained are as followings; 1. The proportion of the inhabitants who ingested the dead cow's meat was 36.4%. The incidence rate of the disease was 65.1% for males, 41.7% for females and the cases were distributed evenly for all age groups. The group ingested raw meat showed higher incidence than the group ingested cooked meat. There was no case among people who did not eat the meat. 2. The most clinical symptoms were significantly more frequent among cases than non-cases : sore throat (57%), nausea (51%), fever (47%), indigestion (43%), cough (41%), anorexia (41%), abdominal distention (41%), and abdominal pain (39%) were the major symptoms among cases. 3. Among 29 cases hospitalized out of total 61 cases, three patients, all old and feeble persons, deceased from the disease resulting in 4.9% fatality rate among total patient and 10.3% among hospitalized. Septicemia and meningitis were the causes of the deaths. 4. Three strains isolated from patients, and three strains from dead cow's meat and soil revealed typical microbiologic characteristics of Bacillus Anthracis, which also proved to be fatal to experimentally infected mice.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.106-113
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the influence of a massive hydrofluoric acid spill on community health through patients who claimed to have been exposed. Methods: We analyzed 2459 patients who visited our emergency department with the claim of exposure to hydrofluoric acid, and retrospective analyses were performed. We analyzed changes in numbers of visitors per day from the day of the accidental hydrofluoric acid spill, symptoms presented by the 1924 patients, and general characteristics. Comparisons of symptoms and hematologic characteristics were made between the initially set evacuation zone(1.3 km radius parameters from the spill) and the outer zone. Results: A total of 2,459 patients who claimed exposure visited our ED from 27 September 2012 to 23 October 2012, and there was a significant increase in the number of visiting patients from day 8 of the hydrofluoric acid spill. The most common complaints were a sore throat, 729(37.9%) and no specific symptom with health concern, 547 (28.4%). Statistically significant findings were pulmonary symptoms (p=0.001), nasal symptoms (p=0.001), diarrhea (p=0.023), and skin symptoms (p=0.007). In hematologic study, a statistically significant difference was observed in white blood cell count (p=0.018), creatine phosphokinase (p<0.001), erythrocyte sediment rate (p=0.013), and phosphorus (p<0.001). Conclusion: A significant increase in the number of patients was observed one week after the accidental spill of hydrofluoric acid. The most frequent symptoms were sore throat, headache, cough, and sputum. Statistically significant increase in creatine phosphokinase level and decrease in phosphorus level were noted in patients within the evacuation zone.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.65-77
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• 2018

Purpose - A trading area is very closely related to consumer life. A trading area is a cultural and social space that consumes culture and promotes human relationships as well as an economic space where consumers live their daily lives. In this context, a trading area research should be conducted objectively and empirically because it deals with the activities of consumer's life. The purpose of this study is to identify the intrinsic psychological motivation(push motivation) caused when consumers visit a trading area and to demonstrate how the push motivation for a trading area influence on consumer's flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to develop research hypotheses for this study, the development procedures for push motivation scale are as follows; (1) generating initial pool of items based on previous studies, (2) expert judgement to evaluate content and face validity, and (3) assessing convergent and discriminant validity using confirmatory factor analysis. In order to achieve these purposes, online surveys were conducted on frequent or familiar visitors to the trading areas around the Gangnam, Kunkuk University and Hongik University Station. Among the 1,343 questionnaires collected, 1,157 cases were analyzed by using SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.0 statistical package program, except for 186 responses in which responses were judged to be unfaithful. Results - The push motivation was classified into five sub-dimensions of excitement/stimulus, rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and human relationship promotion as multidimensional and complex factors composed of individual and social-related dimensions. The excitement/stimulus and human relationship promotion of push motivation have positive effects on satisfaction. However, all dimensions of the push motivation have positive effects on flow. And flow has a positive effect on satisfaction and revisit intention. Meanwhile, the mediation test using boostrapping shows that flow plays a full mediating role in the relationship between rest/relaxation, exit/refreshing, knowledge/learning and satisfaction, but a partial mediating rol e between excitement/stimulus, human relationship promotion and satisfaction. Finally, satisfaction plays a partial mediating role between flow and revisit intention. Conclusions - This study shows that the push motivation is multidimensional and compositive depending on the situation of a consumer. In addition, it is found that the human relationship promotion(a social-related motivation) has a much more important effect on flow and satisfaction than other push motivations of individual dimensions. It also shows that satisfaction increases when consumers are being flowed at their visit and degree of revisit intention also grows as satisfaction increases. As implications of this study, a marketer should try to understand consumer's visit motivation at first and then develop factors that increase their flow, satisfaction, revisit intention. It also requires a marketer to approach subjects on a trading area more objectively and empirically based on the psychology and behavior of consumers, in order to establish a proper and efficient strategy on development of a trading area.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.97-124
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• 2021

In medical institutions, there are radiation-related workers such as radiological technologists, physicians, dentists, and dental hygienists who handle diagnostic radiation generators. Also, there are work assistants, such as nurses and assistant nurses, who assist in radiation treatment or transfer patients to the radiation examination room. Radiation exposure management for radiation-related workers is carried out under the 「Medical Service Act」, but there is no legal basis for work assistants, etc. And the management of radiation exposure for diagnosis is regulated by the 「Medical Service Act」, and the management of radiation exposure by therapeutic radiation and nuclear medical examination is governed by the 「Nuclear Safety Act」. Thus, to improve the management of radiation exposure for diagnosis, the regulations on radiation exposure management for diagnosis under the 「Medical Service Act」 were compared and reviewed with those of the 「Nuclear Safety Act」. As a result, the main contents are as follows. First, it is necessary to legislate to include nurses, assistant nurses, and clinical practice students who are likely to be exposed to radiation besides radiationrelated workers as subjects of radiation exposure management for diagnosis. Second, when a radiation-related worker for diagnosis is confirmed to be pregnant, the exposure dose limit should be defined. Third, it is necessary to revise the regulations on the types of personal exposure dosimeters in the 「Rules on the Safety Management of Radiation Generators for Diagnostics」. Fourth, it seems that health examination items for radiation-related workers, radiation workers, and frequent visitors should be the same. Fifth, It is necessary to unify and regulate diagnostic radiation and all medical radiation, including therapeutic radiation and nuclear medicine, in one legal system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.815-824
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• 2022

The current radiation safety management system is also applied to radiation practices at universities. The application of the law raised concerns about poor radiation practice education and hindering the development of radiology. Accordingly, the Korean Radiology Professors Association needed to grasp the reality of the management system for radiation practice education at each university and the current radiation safety management system in the department of Radiological science. So, a survey was conducted on heads of radiological science departments across the country. Through the survey, it was found that the current application of the Nuclear Safety Act to radiation safety management in the department of Radiological science is excessively restrictive and not very effective. In addition, radiology practice education for the purpose of training health and medical professionals should be controlled by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Korea Centers for Disease Control, but there is a problem of being supervised by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission. Therefore, in this study, as a legal improvement plan to solve this problem, first, a plan according to a partial amendment to the Higher Education Act, second, a plan to be supervised by the Ministry of Health and Welfare through the amendment of article 37 of the Medical Service Act, third, article 20-2 of the Enforcement Decree of the Medical Service Technologists Act was newly inserted to propose three measures to be supervised by the Ministry of Health and Welfare.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.16-31
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• 2020

Objectives : This study is designed to analyze outpatients who received medical treatment for skin diseases in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Korean Medical Hospital from March 1st, 2016 to February 28th, 2019. To discover the tendencies of dermatology outpatients and provide the base data for future researches in dermatology patients' characteristics, korean medical treatments on dermatology field, more statistical analysis and establishment of korean medical health care policy. Methods : We classified dermatology outpatients who received treatments in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Korean Medical Hospital from March 1st, 2016 to February 28th, 2019 according to gender, year, age, seasonal, main diagnosis, visit days. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 23.0 Results : The results of the analysis on 651 dermatology patients treated in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Dunsan Korean Medical Hospital for the past 3 years are as follows. 1. The number of outpatients who visited ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Dunsan Korean Medical Hospital for skin diseases were 651; 286 male(43.9%) and 365 female(56.1%). The number of female patients were approximately 1.27 times higher. 2. The average age of the dermatology outpatients were 37.6. The most frequent visitors turned out to be 20s, and the number of 20s, 30s patients were 267, consisting 41.0% of the whole patients. 3. By examining the change on yearly basis, we noticed that the number of outpatients treated with skin diseases steadily increased with the years. 1) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by gender and year, the number of male and female patients both increased with the years. 2) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by age and year, there were statistically significant difference between two groups. 3) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by season and year, there were statistically significant difference between two groups. 4) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by main diagnosis and year, there were statistically significant difference between two groups. 4. In the analysis of the number of outpatients by seasonal basis, the number of the outpatients visited in summer was the largest by 185(28.4%), followed by winter 181(27.8%), spring 148(22.7%), and the autumn 137(21.0%). 1) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by age and season, there were no statistically significant difference. 2) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by age and season, there were no statistically significant difference. 5. By classifying the outpatients according to main diagnosis, it turned out that there were 40 diagnosis, with eczema the largest followed by urticaria, allergic contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and folliculitis. 6. The average number of visit days of dermatology outpatients were 10.24 days, and the number declined steadily with the years. 1) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by gender and visit days, there were no statistically significant difference. 2) In the analysis of the number of patients classified by age and visit days, the visit days of 70s were the shortest and the patients below 20s were longer than the other age groups. Conclusions : By analyzing the outpatients who received medical treatment for skin diseases in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Korean Medical Hospital from March 1st, 2016 to February 28th, 2019 according to gender, year, age, seasonal, main diagnosis, visit days, We drew various meaningful results. The outpatients with skin diseases increased steadily by the years, and patients visited in winter especially shown the outstanding increase. And though the number of female patients were larger than male, the increase was bigger in male patients. We hope that this results would provide useful resources for future researches in dermatology patients'characteristics, korean medical treatment and establishment of korean medical health care policy.