• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2001

Background: Inactivation in p53 tumor suppressor gene through a point mutation and deletion is one of the most frequent genetic changes found in human cancer, with 50% of an incidence. This high rate of mutation mostly suggests that the gene plays a central role in the development of cancer and the mutations detected so far were found in exons 5 to 8. Mutation of p53 locus produced accumulation of abnormal p53 protein, and negative regulation of cell proliferation and transcriptional activation as a suppressor of transformation were lost. In addition, inhibition of its normal cellular function of wild-type by mutant is an important step in tumorigenesis. Method: 4 colon cancer cell lines (SNU C1, C2A, C4, C5) were examined for mutation in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene by PCR-SSCP analysis and expression pattern by western blotting and immunoprecipitation. p53-mediated transactivation ability were examined by CAT assay and base substitution of p53 in SNU C2A cell were detected by DNA sequencing. Results: 1) SNU C2A cell and SNU C5 cell were detected mobility shifts each in exon 5 and exon 7 of p53 gene by the PCR-SSCP method, implicating being of p53 mutation. 2) 3 colon cancer cell lines (SNU C1, SNU C2A, SNU C5) expressed wild type and mutant type p53 protein. 3) In northern blot experiment, SNU C2A and SNU C5 cell expressed high level of p53 mRNA. 4) Results of p53-mediated transactivation in colon cancer cell lines by CAT assay represented only SNU C2A cell has transcriptional activity. 5) DNA sequencing in SNU C2A cell showed missense mutation in codon 179 of one allele, histidine to arginine and wild type p53 in the other allele. Conclusion: Colon cancer cell lines showed correlation with mutation in p53 gene and accumulation of abnormal p53 protein. Colon cancer cell SNU C2A retained p53-mediated transactivation as heterozygous p53 with one mutant allele in 179 codon and the other wild-type allele.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.89-119
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to investigate the association of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), Insomnia Questionaire(IQ), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Diagnos system of oriental medicine(DSOM) in the Insomnia Patients. Methods : For this study, we carried out PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM of 37 patients with insomnia who have come to Donguei oriental hospital of Donguei university from November 2008 to May 2009. And Using cross tabulation analysis, verified the association of PSQI, IQ, BDI and DSOM. Results : 1. The most Frequent Pathogenic Factor is blood-deficiency(血虛) in total patients. 2. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛), damp(濕), kdney(腎) in total patients. 3. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in total patients. 4. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of insufficiency of Yin(陰虛), and the score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of blood stasis(血瘀) and zp of liver(肝) in female patients. 5. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of heart(心), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of liver(肝) in male patients. 6. The duration from onset in the group of 22-59years are longer than the group of 60-80 years and the duration of using hypnotics have positive correlation with total sleep time in 22-59years group. 7. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in 22-59years group. 8. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in 60-80years group. 9. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of deficiency of qi(氣虛) and zp of blood-deficiency(血虛), and the score of IQ has positive correlation with zp of coldness(寒) in 60-80years group. 10. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 and zp of dryness(燥) in below 6 Months Group. 11. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with the score of BDI in over 6 Months Group. 12. The score of PSQI has positive correlation with zp of liver(肝) in over 6 Months Group. 13. The score of IQ has positive correlation with sc10 of dryness(燥) in BDI 2nd Grade Group. 14. The score of BDI has positive correlation with sc10 of kidney(腎) and the age has positive correlation with zp of heart(心) in BDI 3rd Grade Group. 15. The age has positive correlation with sc10 of damp(濕) in BDI 4th Grade Group. Conclusions : This study provides insights into the complicated associations of the pattern of insomnia with depression and Diagnos system of oriental medicine. And especially this study showed apparent correlation between insomnia and depression in 60-80years group and over 6 months group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2009

The property of pit and fissure sealant has been improved and many studies on the bond strength, penetration, microleakage have been published. But there are few studies on the using status and perception of pit and fissure sealant within the country. Therefore, this study made a survey on it. Pedodontists and non-pedodontists were surveyed by interview. The Results were as follows; 1. On caries prevention effect, 96.7% of the pedodontists replied that sealants were effective on both permanent teeth and primary teeth. On the other hand, 13.5% of the non-pedodontists replied that sealants weren't effective on both. 2. All of the pedodontists and 27% of the non-pedodontists used rubber dams. 83.3% of the pedodontists and 40.5% of the non-pedodontists used bonding agents. 3. Non-pedodontists used enameloplasty more frequently than Pedodontists but the pattern was not significantly different. 4. The causes of sealant failures included salivary contamination, caries under sealant, low strength, low flowability, overfilling. 5. In the pedodontists, 90% replied that PRR application was desirable and PRR applications were more frequent than sealant application.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.19-38
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• 1986

54 patients who had symptoms after biliary operation were studied by $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ hepatobiliary scintigraphy for evaluation of clinical utility, with regional emphasis of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) and intrahepatic stones. As expected, the most common disease was recurrent pyogenic cholangitis regardless of surgical anastomosis, 58% and next frequent disease was clonorhis sinensis infestation, 26%, stenosis of ampula vater 8%, and chronic hepatitis 4% (20% of patients had hepatitis but they showed clinically and scintigraphically dominallt combined disease feature). 87% of recurrent pyogenic cholangitis was associated with stones in intra or/and extrahepatic ducts and only 11.4% of RPC was found to be associated with Cs-infestation. The scintigraphic diagnosis of RPC was 81.6% and 78.6% of stones was detected by indirect visualization of scintigraphy findings and 71.7% of Cs-infestation was detected by scintigraphy. The characteristic bile flow pattern were described.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical pattern of the patients with penetrating torso injury. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical symptoms, mechanism of injury, injury type including injured organ, and ultimate outcome of treatment. Our purpose of the study was to establish guideline of management in penetrating torso injury. Methods: This study consists of an analysis of a consecutive series of 94 patients with penetrating injury of trunk treated at one general hospital during 7year period (from January 1995 to April 2003) who was admitted through in our emergency department. All data were collected from the medical records and entered in a database for analysis on the following: age, sex, mechanism of injury, vital sign at admission, clinical outcome including hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, length of intensive care unit stay, requirement of crystalloid fluid and blood product. Results: Among 94 patients, there were 68 men and 26 women, with ages ranging from 19 to 82 years (average 38.2 years). The most frequent mechanism of injury was violence by others including rob (n=54, 57.4%) followed by suicidal attempt (n=24, 25.5%) and accidental injury (n=16, 17.0%). No injury was inflicted from gun. In 37 patients, systolic blood pressure at admission was under 90mmHg. The time interval from injury to admission, and from admission to operation was 57.8minutes and 4hour 12minutes each. Laparotomy was required in 70 patients, thoracotomy in 5 patients, and 3 patients required thoracotomy and laparotomy. Among 94 patients, an average of 1.7 organs were injured. The small bowel and colon were the organs most commonly wounded followed by liver, mesentery, pleura. Of the 94 patients, 6 died for an overall mortality rate of 6.4%, and two of them were not related with hemorrhage. The average length of hospital stay was 18.1 days, and 40 patients required ICU care. Conclusion: Of the 94 patients who were admitted from penetrating torso injury, no patient was injured from firearm. Overall mortality rate was 6.4%. In our hospital, firearm injury was relative rare.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1990

From 1984 to 1988, fourty two patients with nasopharyngeal cancer were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology in Kyungpook National University Hospital. Thirteen patients refused treatment and the median survival time was 7.8 months. Twenty nine patients received a full course of radiation at least 70 Gy to the primary site and 60 Gy to the nodal sites. These patients were all belonged to stage III or IV, The local control rate was $75\% in squamous cell carcinomas, and all the patients with lymphoepithelioma showed a complete response. Overall locoregional failure was $27.6\%. Distant metastasis was the predominant pattern of failures; 4/6 in lymphoepithelioma, 4/10 En squamous cell carcinoma. The Three-year-survival rate for squamous cell carcinoma was $40.5\%$, and for lymphoepithelioma $25.9\%, respectively. This may be due to the more frequent distant metastases in lymphoepithelioma and ineffective chemotherapy. No survival correlation was found with the level of neck node involvement. Though adjuvant chemotherapy was found to be of no benefit in overall survival, more prudent and aggressive chemotherapy would be necessary.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.435-443
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• 2012

The combination of space shortage and the high population density concentrated in urban areas of South Korea has resulted in the growth of large-scale high-rise residential complexes, naturally affecting water and hot water usage patterns as well. But the current designs for water and hot water supply in South Korea rely mostly on international design standards and data calculated on site due to the severe shortage of basic data in relation to actual use, which result in the frequent problem of the under-or over-design of water and hot water supply. The following study measures the hot water supplier's conditions and the user's heat usage to realize the amount of time required for hot water supply load generation and the pattern of actual use in order to create basic data for effective hot water supply facility design and maintenance.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.896-900
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the speech problems in benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) according to the seizure focus in EEG and semiology. Methods : Twenty three patients [right origin (13 patients) or left side (10 patients)] who met the BRE criteria by International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were prospectively enrolled. We excluded the patients who had abnormal MRI or showed both side spikes in EEG. Computerized Speech Lab was used to assess the speech characteristics of the patients. Results : The error pattern of laryngeal articulation in BRE was exclusively substitution of stop consonants, these errors showed more frequent in the left group (16.0% vs 25.5%). Voice onset time (VOT) of stop consonants and Total duration (TD) of word in both groups were prolonged than normal control group, especially in left group (P<0.05). The first formant of vowel /o/ and second formant of /e/ were significantly decreased in left group (P<0.05). The right group scored wider on pitch range ($192.9{\pm}54.0Hz$) and energy range in spontaneous speech ($14.2{\pm}6.4db$) than the left group ($233.3{\pm}12.5Hz$, $19.4{\pm}9.3db$, respectively, P>0.05). Duration of counting (5 to 9) in left group slower than right group ($8.6{\pm}1.7$ vs $7.9{\pm}1.8sec$). Conclusion : Our data suggested that interictal spikes and seizures in either centrotemporal sides, especially left side group, may induce speech problems. We recommend the logopedic and phoniatric evaluations of speech in BRE patients.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.993-999
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• 2010

Serum lysozyme gene is one of the important genes influencing the immune system as its product can cause lysis of bacterial cell wall by cleaving the peptidoglycan layer. The present investigation on the serum lysozyme gene of Indian riverine buffalo was undertaken with the objectives to identify and characterize single nucleotide polymorphic patterns by PCR-SSCP method as well as to study the effect of different genotypes on serum lysozyme activity and somatic cell count. A total of 280 animals comprising four different famous bubaline breeds (Murrah, Mehsana, Surti and Bhadawari), spread over six different farms across the country were used for this study. A 276 bp (partial intron 2, complete exon 3 and partial intron 3) fragment of lysozyme gene was screened for polymorphism using the SSCP technique. Four genotypes namely AA, AB, BC and AC were observed, out of which BC genotype was found to be the most frequent. Among these three alleles, C allele (0.38) was most prevalent in these populations. Various SSCP allelic variants were cloned for sequencing and sequences were submitted to NCBI Genbank. From the alignment of the nucleotide sequences of various allelic variants, it was found that there were differences in 12 positions among the alleles, out of which maximum variation (at 8 places) was found in the intronic region. The allele A was closer to allele-C than allele-B. Allele B was phylogenetically equidistant from both of the other alleles. Mean lysozyme activity determined in serum samples of different animals of Murrah buffalo was $27.35{\pm}2.42\;{\mu}g$ per ml of serum, whereas the mean somatic cell count was $1.25{\pm}0.13{\times}10^5$ cells per ml of milk. The SSCP pattern-wise effects of various genotypes on lysozyme activity and SCC were analyzed. Although the mean values were apparently different in various genotypes, these differences were statistically non-significant. It can be concluded that the riverine buffaloes are sufficiently polymorphic with respect to serum lysozyme gene. The absence of AA genotype in Bhadawari breed of buffalo can be considered as a marker for breed characterization. The difference of four nucleotides in exon-3 indicates high selection pressure on the gene.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 1979

Mechanical agitation in fermentation process enhances the fermentation activity of microbes by means of oxygen supply and frequent collision with substrate. However, the fermentation activity of microaerophilic bacteria is inhibited by the excess oxygen resulted from the mechanical agitation. On this account, a a strain of Lactobacillus bulgarius was cultured to know the inhibition effect of the mechanical agitation and determine the optimum conditions for tile process of lactic acid fermentation. The growth rate of L. bulgaricus and the consumption rate of tile substrate revealed an identical pattern in changes. The two rates were constant in the range of the modified Reynolds number of $1\times10^5\;to\;5\times10^5$ while they showed linear increase in the range of the modified Reynolds number of $1\times10^5\;to\;10\times10^5$. Under the conditions of the modified Reynolds number more than $10\times10^5$, the both rates decreased. At the modified Reynolds number of $10\times10^5$, the maximum specific growth rate and the saturation constant of L. bulgaricus were 0.58/hr and 6.74g/l, respectively.