• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2012

While a dash panel component, close to passengers, plays a very important role to protect heat and noise from a power train, it is also a main path that transfers vibration energy and eventually radiates acoustic noise into the cavity. Therefore, it is important to provide optimal design schemes incorporating sound packages such as a dash isolation pad and a floor carpet, as well as structures. The present study is the extension of the previous investigation how design variables affect sound radiation, which was carried out using the simple plate and framed system. A novel FE-SEA hybrid simulation model is used for this study. The system taken into account is a dash panel component of a sedan vehicle, which includes front pillars, front side members, a dash panel and corresponding sound packages. Design variables such as panel thicknesses and sound packages are investigated how they are related to two main NVH indexes, sound radiation power(i.e. structure-borne) and sound transmission loss(i.e. air borne). In the viewpoint of obtaining better NVH performance, it is shown that these two indexes do not always result in same tendencies of improvement, which suggests that they should be dealt with independently and are also dependent on frequency regions.

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2020

Objective: The incidence rate of elbow ulnar collateral ligament injuries is dependent on the throwing speed or pitching type, especially in adolescent baseball players. However, mixed results have been reported due to a lack of controlled biomechanical analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the biomechanical analysis of the elbow in relation to throwing speed and pitching type. Method: Four overhead type high-school baseball players were recruited for this study. The participants were asked to throw balls with different types of pitch and speed. While the throwing speeds were measured, each pitching moment of the elbow was recorded. Descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, mean comparison analysis, and Pearson's correlation analysis were performed in order to examine differences in peak varus and valgus moment during pitching motion in the elbow in all throwing speed and pitching types. Results: There was no significant difference in physical characteristics, throwing speed, and momentum variability among all players. The mean varus moments were 44.38±1.55 Nm, 48.83±1.66 Nm, and 48.94±0.95 Nm, and the moment gaps between varus and valgus were 7.36±3.25 Nm, 7.44±2.02 Nm, and 7.36±2.62 Nm in fastball, curveball, and slider ball, respectively. The varus moment was higher in the curved and slider balls than in the fastballs, and there was no significant differences between the varus moments regarding the pitching type. However, the increase in valgus moment and decrease in moment gap according to throwing speed was significantly increased in the slider ball (r=0.718 and -0.591, respectively). Conclusion: The possibility of elbow injury caused by the valgus moment or moment gapincreases more rapidly in slider balls as the speed increases. Based on our results, appropriate pitching guidelines should be suggested to prevent ulnarligament injuries, especially in adolescent baseball players.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.543-552
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the pattern of physical restraints used in ICUs and to identify influencing factors of application and removal of restraints. Method: The subjects of this study were 90 restrained patients out of 215 patients over 6 years old who were admitted to 6 ICUs in SMC during a 2 weeks period. The data was collected through a questionnaire of characteristics, guidelines and nursing care of restraint uses. The data were analyzed by non-parametric statistic with the use of the SAS program. Results: The restraints were applied to 31.4% of subjects. Mean time of physical restraint was $36.76{\pm}55.7$ hours. There were significant difference with mean time and frequency according to duty shift. GCS, restless behavior and discomfort factors, medical devices, and life sustaining devices had significant relation with application of restraints. In addition, the mean time of restraints used were related significantly with GCS, restless behavior, and discomfort factors. Conclusion: The used of restraints were dependent on mainly the nurses' decision. Thus ICU nurses have to develop the guidelines to applying restraints and removal of restraints in regard to patients rights and ethics. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of application of the restraints is essential in professional nursing.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.447-467
• /
• 1999

Most published work on product quality focuses on manufactured goods. The subject of service quality has received less attention. This distinction is important because some of the quality-improving strategies avaliable to manufacturers may be inappropriate for service firms. Services are performances, not objects. They are often produced in the presence of the customer, as in the cause of hotel restaurant services, quality occurs during service delivery, usually in an interaction between the customer and contact personnel of service firm. for this reason, service quality is highly dependent on the performance of employees, an organizational resource that cannot be controlled to the degree that components of tangible goods can be engineered. The study has begun as a basic study for customer satisfaction-oriented management in understanding the service quality of food & beverage products and through a systematic analysis of it. The major purpose of the study was to examine the relationship of the customer satisfaction and service quality in consideration of reliability, empathy, responsiveness, tangibility and assurance. An empirical research was conducted based on the previous theoretical studies. 286 customer at first class hotels in Seoul were selected as samples of this study. The time period of research was from February through March 1999, and answers were processed by SAS to yield frequency analysis, multivariate statistical analysis and regression analysis. The finding of the statistical treatment are frequencies, factor analysis, multiple regression analysis, path analysis. SERVQUAL method was used the service quality evaluation methods. After factor analysis, it was resulted to 3 factors. those were factor 1(assurance.empathy.responsiveness), factor 2(reliability), factor 3(tangibility). The findings of the statistical treatment are as follows. First, the attribute measurement of performance service quality was affected by customer satisfaction. Second, the attribute measurement of performance service qualify was affected by repurchase intention. Third, The attribute measurement of performance customer satisfaction was affected by repurchase intention. The result of study model was followed, service quality was affected repurchase intention than customer satisfaction. indirected effect through, service duality and customer satisfaction was affected repurchase intention.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.63-72
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 반향음과 투과음을 감소시키기 위한 평판형 음향재료의 성능평가 장치를 제작하고 측정시스템을 구성하며 표준표적을 이용한 검증을 통해 신뢰성을 확보하는 데 목적이 있다. 반향음감소와 투과손실 측정은 신호간섭이 없도록 대형수조에서 실시되는 것이 일반적이지만, 본 논문에서는 신호간섭을 고려해야 하는 소형수조에서 최저 30 kHz까지 측정이 가능한 측정시스템을 구성하였다. 이를 위해 신호모의를 통해 신호간섭이 없는 최적의 기하학적 배치를 도출하였으며, 획득한 신호를 시간영역과 주파수영역의 총 네 가지 방법으로 ER과 TL을 도출하는 신호처리 알고리즘을 확립하였다. 마지막으로 대형수조에서의 전파손실 실측실험을 통해 측정시스템을 보정하고 알루미늄 판과 스티로폼을 표준표적으로 사용한 측정결과를 Brekhovskikh Layer Model과 비교하여 측정시스템 검증을 수행하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.899-910
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the rates of perceived stress of elderly people over 65 years old and to confirm the influence of stress on general health and oral health status. Methods: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey for 2014, 1,472 people over 65 years of age were selected as final subjects. Stress was used as an independent variable and dependent variables were included physical health (perceived health status), mental health (depression), and oral health (perceived oral health status). The following confounding variables were adjusted for the current study: demographic characteristics (gender, age, education level, house income) and health - related characteristics (drinking, smoking, exercise, frequency of tooth brushing, using oral care product, dental exam, comorbidity, restrict activity). Complex sampling analysis was applied and logistic regression was performed to determine the effects of stress on physical health, mental health and oral health status. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI) were calculated. Results: Logistic regression indicated that stress was significantly associated with low physical health (OR=2.18, 95%CI: 1.49-3.20), low mental health (OR=8.68, 95%CI: 4.98-15.11), low oral health (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.06-2.21) after adjusting for confounding variables. Conclusions: The perceived stress of the elderly was found to be related to the general health and oral health status. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate stress as a predictor of health risk for the health promotion of the elderly on multidisciplinary assessment and continuous evaluation. In addition, health support policies should be provided to achieve good health status for elderly.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.555-566
• /
• 1997

This study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxicity of rock wool fibers(RWFs) such as cell division disturbance, chromosomal and DNA damage, and mutagenicity using cultured cells. RWFs were the man made mineral fibers. In order to find the correlation between the cytotoxicity of RWFs and the phagocytic capacity of cells, the phagocytic processes were observed using scanning electron microscope. Cell division disturbance by RWFs was evaluated by the formation of multinucleated giant cells. The chromosomal damage was evaluated by the micronucleus formation. For the evaluation of oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) formation was measured utilizing calf thymus DNA. Mutagenicity was determined by the point mutation of HGPRT and the effect of RWFs on cell transformation was also observed. 1. Compared with the results of chrysotile, RWFs were no or little effect on the cell growth according to the results done by the tests of cell proliferation inhibition and relative plating efficiency. 2. The frequency of multinucleated giant cell formation was increased by the treatment of RWFs and it was dose-dependent. However, the effect of RWFs was weaker than that of chrysotile. 3. The number of micronuclei formed in the RWFs treated cells was between those of cells treated with chrysotile and those of untreated cells. 4. The 2 fold increase in the formation of 8-OH-dG in calf thymus DNA was observed in the cells treated with RWFs in the presence of $H_2O_2$. On the other hand, chrysotile had no effect on the 8-OH-dG formation. 5. RWFs had no effect on the HGPRT point mutation and cell transformation. These results showed that RWFs could induce chromosomal damage, cell division disturbance and oxidative DNA damage in the RWFs treated cells.

• 복식문화연구
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.94-109
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study is to measure self-image of adolescence, analyze empirically clothing-purchasing-behavior of adolescence and clarify correlation of two variables, self-image and clothing-purchasing-behavior. For this purpose, the techniques involve theoretical studies and researches based on historical obtained from previous related studies and surveys, 431 high school female students who reside in Seoul are asked to answer selected survey questions to examine three aspects, clothing-purchasing-behavior, self-image and demographics. The evaluation of surveyed information is analyzed by statistical techniques to improve the accuracy of data. Statistical methods used are as follows; Descriptive(frequency, mean, percentage), Factor Analysis(varimax rotation), Crosstabs(Chi-square), T-test, One-Way ANOVA< Correlation Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The mjor results of this study were as follows: Firstly, there is a discrepancy between real self-image and ideal self-image. Furthermore more significant differences is seen from physical aspects than psychological aspects. Consequently, research proves that the difference derived from their ideal situation and real situation leads to psychological unstableness. In addition, making their real self-image is dependent upon several elements such things as family economic level, pocket money, expenditure on clothing. Therefore, it is critical to combine all factors in order to decide how much to spend for children's clothing and pocket money in parents point of view. Secondly, research shows that shows hat there is correlated relationship between average expenditure on clothing and presence of mother's job. Average expenditure on clothing is, generally, influenced by vogue which is tend to be changed seasonally. It, also, shows that there is positive linear regression between expenditure on clothe and sensitivity for vogue. That is to say, dependent variable, expenditure on clothing, is varied as independent variable, sensitivity for vogue, changes. Female high school students are likely to give much value on brand. Moreover people who are spending more money on clothes have higher tendencies in prompt purchases than who are not. Thirdly, the analysis of clothing-purchasing-behavior and self-image shows that the difference between real self-image and ideal self-image draws the main reason of dissatisfaction after purchase of clothes. As a consequence, their unfilled needs lead them to keep making another purchase to satisfy themselves. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that parents' advices and directions on their children's money spending on clothes are imperative to establish well-behaved purchasing patterns.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제17권5호
• /
• pp.697-708
• /
• 2016

최근 기업과 개인 및 그 외 다양한 분야에서 고속 무선 통신기술의 수요가 증가함에 따라 최적화된 서비스를 계획하기 위해 전파의 도달범위에 관한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있으나, 접근이 제한되는 고지대의 경우는 전파를 실측하고 도달범위를 분석하는데 많은 제한이 되고 있다. 신규 서비스들의 원활한 통신 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 다양한 전파 환경에서 폭넓은 주파수 대역을 바탕으로 하는 조건(전파 모델의 선택, 주파수 대역에 따른 보정 값 등)이 고려되어야 한다. 특히 전파 환경이 복잡해짐에 따라 각 주파수 대역에 대한 지역별 전파 환경의 측정, 조사를 통하여 실시간 전파 스펙트럼의 변화 등을 조기에 감지함으로써 적절한 대책을 수립할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 실시간 스펙트럼 분포 상태 조사를 통해 지역별 전파 환경 기초 자료의 확보가 필요하며, 전파 측정 데이터의 저장 및 분석을 통한 추후 문제 발생 시 빠른 대책 수립이 가능해야한다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성 있는 전파도달범위를 분석 및 예측을 위해 HTZ Warfare를 이용하여 접근이 제한되는 국내 각 고지대 지역에서 실측 전파데이터를 수집하고, 예측된 데이터와 비교하여 상관관계 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 주파수별, 전파모델별 분석 및 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해 각 고지대에서 가장 적합한 전파 모델들을 비교 평가하였다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 바이러스성 크루프로 입원하는 환아의 임상적 및 역학적 특성을 분석하여 원인 바이러스 감염에 따른 중증도를 평가하고자 하였다. 방법: 2013년 5월부터 2016년 12월까지 원주세브란스기독병원 소아청소년과에 바이러스성 크루프로 입원한 10세 이하 환아 중 비강인두도말 검체 채취 및 다중 역전사중합효소연쇄반응 검사를 하여 호흡기 바이러스가 검출된 302명을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 검토하였다. 바이러스성 크루프의 중 증도를 평가하기 위하여 Westley의 점수제를 사용하였다. 결과: 전체 302명 중 중증 바이러스성 크루프로 입원한 환아는 149명(49.3%)이었으며, 이 중 남아가 88명, 여아가 61명으로 남녀 비는 1.44:1이었다. Parainfluenza virus가 110예(48.7%)로 거의 절반에 가까운 빈도를 보였으며, 이후로 influenza virus (15.5%), human rhinovirus (11.9%), respiratory syncytial virus (10.2%) 순이었다. 중증 바이러스성 크루프와 원인 바이러스와의 연관성에 대한 분석에서는 parainfluenza virus 2형에서만 위험도가 의미 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다. Parainfluenza virus 2형은 연령에 따라서는 발병 빈도에 차이가 없었으나 여름, 가을에 상대적으로 더 높은 감염 빈도를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 중증 바이러스성 크루프와 연관이 있었던 바이러스는 parainfluenza virus 2형이 유일하였다. 추후 전향적, 다기관 연구 및 추가적인 변수들을 복합적으로 고려하여 원인 바이러스 감염에 따른 중증도를 재확인하고, 원인 바이러스에 대한 지역별, 시기별, 연령별 분석이 필요하다.