• 가정간호학회지
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• 제5권
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• pp.84-99
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• 1998

The objectives of this study are to identify the actual educational contents of management for head nurse and to propose the educational subjects according to identity the needs of head, charge, and staff nurses. The subjects were investigated the actual Management Development Programs and educational needs of head nurses and prospective nurse manager(charge nurse, staff nurse with a lot of clinical experiences) in general hospitals. The tools were composed of two questionnaires: One was developed from the literature review for making items to measure actual situation. The other was revised Katz's model for measurement of educational needs. The first respondents of actual situation were 27 general hospitals with over 400 beds in Seoul and the second respondents were 89 head nurses, 67 charge nurses and 136 nurses at 3 hospitals by convenient sampling out of 27 general hospitals. Data were collected by telephone interview, mail questionnaire and visiting from 7th of October through 30th of November in 1997. In data analysis, general characteristics of the respondents and actual status of Management Development Programs were analyzed by frequency and percentage. Educational needs according to general characteristics were analyzed by ANOVA The results were as follows: 1. Actual situation of Management Development Program 1) Seven hospitals(26%) had Management Development Program for prospective managers and 14 hospitals (52%) for head nurses. 2) Education Department existed in 14 hospitals (52%). 3) One hospital(4%) had top level managers took part in the Management Development. 4) Two hospitals selected head nurse, who had finished courses of Management Development. Eight hospitals(30%) assessed educational needs. The assessment tools consisted of making a question via questionnaire(75%), determining at department meeting(12%) and interview(13%). 5) Educational programs had 3 types: 10 lecture type, 7 discussion type and 4 role play type programs. 6) One hospital evaluated the change of learner's attitude. 7) Four hospitals scored educational point, but that was measured only by attending. 8) Actual Management Development Programs were as follows. parenthesis indicates the number of hospitals. (1) Management Development Programs for Prospective manager. Role perception of Middle level Manager (1) . Role reconstruction of Nurse Manager (1). Workshop for Charge Nurse (1). Nursing Delivery System and Nursing Process (1). Communication (1). Motivation (1) (2) Management Development Programs for Head nurse.. Head nurse's Role (5). Administrative Work (7). Service Education (4). Prevention and Countermeasure of Nursing Incidence (3). Appraisal (3) 2. The results of needs on Management Development subject 1) The educational needs of all respondents on 3 skill domains showed positive agreement to strongly positive agreement. 2) High priority(more than 4.5) items were 12 of 24 Human skill items(50%), 1 of 6 Technical skill items(16%), and 2 of 13 Conceptual skill items (15%). 3) Out of high priority items, 8 items were instituted. 4) All respondents showed high needs on 3 skill domains regardless of 3 positions (head nurse, charge nurse, and nurse). Educational needs of Human skill domain, according to position were 108. S, 108.7, 106.8 (mean score = 72) , needs of Technical skill domain were 26.5, 26.6, 26.I(mean score=18), and needs of Conceptual skill domains were 56.9,56.7, 55.1(mean score=39). 5) Needs of 3 skill domains according to clinical career showed significant difference. Out of respondents, nurses with career of over 16years showed lowest degree of needs in Human skill domains(F=4.47, P=.004) and Conceptual skill domain(F=2.93, P=.034). 6) Educational needs according to educational background were not significant difference. But out of respondents, nurses educated at 3-year junior college relatively showed lowest needs in all of the 3 skill domains. With the above-mentioned findings, further study is necessary for generalization of this study at hospitals with different bed size and location. Also it is needed to study about management skill of nurse and charge nurse, and effective educational method.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.49-67
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• 1992

Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Preschool children's pain perception related to painful procedures can increase due to elevated anxiety and fear because they do not have understanding logical of their disease and hospitalization. In particular, they are distressed about needle - related procedures which are feared because they are seen to be a cause of bodily damage. This descriptive study attempted to identify pain perception levels in preschool children and their mothers. A self-reporting measurement and behavioral observation were used to collect the data. A total of 25 hospitalized preschool children and their mothers were investigated and data were collected about 60 painful procedures. Data collection was carried out by the researcher and two trained investigators from November first to December tenth. Three insruments were used to collect the data : Faces Pain Rating Scale(FPRS) developed by Beyer was used to measure the degree of preschool children's pain perception about painful procedures. The Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) devised by Huskisson was used to assess the degree of mothers' pain perception about their children's painful procedures. A Pain Behavioral Checklist based on the Procedure Behavior Check List by LeBaron and Zelter and modified by the researcher was used to observe behaviors of preschool children, their mothers, and nurses when the painful procedures took place. The data were analyzed by an SPSS program, and were tested using real numbers, percentages, Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Of all the painful procedures, the mean score for the FPRS for the preschool children's pain perception was 4.02 points, and the mean score for the VAS of mothers' pain perception was 10.92 points. 2. A Positive correlation which was statistically significant was found between the pain perception of preschool children and their mothers (r＝.53, p＜.01). that is, the higher the children's pain perception was, the higher their mothers' pain perception was. 3. The characteristics of the painful procedures related with children's pain perception as follows : The type of painful procedure was found to be statistically significant (F＝23.44, p＜.01), Among the three procedures Ⅳ starting was found to be perceived as the most painful procedures to the children. The greater the number of times that the procedure had been done, the higher the pain perception was (F＝4.44, p＜.01), and the longer the duration of the procedure, the higher the pain perception wa(r＝.30, p＜.05). Pain perception in the treatment room was higher than in the children's room(t＝6.30, ＜.01), pain perception in the mother's presence was the higher than when the mother was not present (t＝2.91, p＜.01). 4. The characteristics of the painful procedures related with the mothers' pain perception as follows : The type of painful procedure was found to be statistically significant(F＝6.01, p＜.01). Among the three procedures Ⅳ sampling was found to be perceived as the most painful procedures to the mothers. The greater the number of times that the procedure had been done, the higher the pain perception was (F＝5.95, p＜.01), and the longer the duration of the procedure, the higher the pain perception was (r＝.31, p＜.05). Pain perception in the treatment room was higher than in the children's room (t＝3.51, p＜.01), but pain perception in the mother's presence showed statistically significant no difference. 5. Of all of the 19 children's behaviors during the painful procedures, the most frequent behaviors observed Were as follows in order of frequency “crying”, “screamirig”, “facial grimacing”, “physical resistance”, Of all of the nine methers' behaviors, the most frequent by observed in “console children”, “hold children”, “applaud children”, Of all of the 11 nurses' behaviors during the painful procedures, the mast frequent in order were “smiling”, “physical restraint”, “console children”, “praise children”. 6. A positive correlation between children's and mothers' pain perception and children's behaviors was found to be statistically significant (r＝.65, p＜.01, r＝67, p＜.01). Also the relationship between children's and mothers' pain percertion, and mothers' behavior was found to be statistically significant (r＝.57, p＜. 01, 4＝.60, p＜.01). The relationship between children's pain perception and nurses' behaviors was also found to be statistically significant (r＝.46, p＜.01), but there was difference between mothers' pain perception and nurses' behaviors.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2010

잔디 깎기는 골프장에서 중요한 관리 작업의 한가지이다. 잔디깎기 주기와 높이는 잔디의 광합성 능력, 밀도, 뿌리생장 등에 영향을 미친다. 본 실험은 한국잔디의 잔디깎기 높이별 지상부 생장량을 조사하여 적절한 잔디깎기 주기를 결정할 수 있는 자료를 제공하고자 수행되었다. 들잔디를 10mm 높이로 관리시 줄기의 일 생장량은 2.1-4.7mm(7월), 1.9-2.9 mm(8월), 0.9-1.5 mm(9월), 0.6 mm(10월)로 조사되었다. 상기 자료는 잔디깎기를 초장의 33% 이내로 깎는다는 개념으로 볼 때 7월에는 1.1~2.3일, 8월에는 1.7~2.4일, 9월에는 3.5~5.4일, 그리고 10월에는 8.5일 간격으로 깎기를 하는 것이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 들잔디를 15 mm 및 17 mm 높이로 관리시 깎은 후의 지상부 생장량은 7월 4.0-5.3 mm, 8월 2.9-4.5 mm. 9월 1.4-3.7 mm 그리고 10월 13 mm로 나타나 7, 8, 9, 10월의 적정 깎기 주기는 각각 1.4~1.9일, 1.7~2.5일, 2.3~6.3일, 6.8일이 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 들잔디를 18 mm 및 21 mm 높이로 깎은 후의 생장량은 7월 3.5-4.7 mm, 8월 2.9-4.9 mm, 9월 1.5-1.8 mm로 나타났으며, 7, 8, 9월의 적정 깎기 주기는 각각 1.9~2.6일, 1.8~3.1일, 5.9~7.0일의 범위로 나타났다. 그리고 50 mm 높이 깎은 경우는 지상부 생장량이 7월 4.6-4.9 mm, 8월 5.0-6.5 mm, 9월 2.5-4.7 mm로 나타나 7, 8, 9월의 적정 깎기 주기는 각각 5.1~5.4일, 3.9~5.0일, 5.3~9.8일의 범위로 계산되었다. 상기 조사 결과 깎기 높이에 따라 재생장 길이에 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 짧게 깎을수록 재생장 길이가 짧아지는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.51-68
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• 2016

본 연구는 K-IFRS 도입과 함께 기존의 상각규정을 폐지하고 매기간 손상검사를 실시하도록 요구하는 영업권 회계변경이 영업권손상차손 인식의 적시성에 미친 영향을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 원칙중심기준인 K-IFRS는 회계정보의 목적적합성을 강화하고 적시성 있는 정보를 전달하기 위해 공정가치평가를 확대하였으며 동일한 맥락에서 영업권과 같은 '비한정내용연수의 무형자산'에 대한 손상검사를 1년에 1회 이상 수행하도록 요구하였다. 그러나 영업권 회계변경의 효과를 분석한 선행연구들은 새로운 손상검사절차가 경영자들의 재량에 의존하고 있어 영업권손상차손의 인식이 적시성 있게 수행되기 보다는 기회주의적으로 이용되고 있음을 지적하고 있다. 하지만 선행연구들은 개별 기업에서 관찰될 수 있는 손상징후를 고려하지 못한 채 회계변경 전 후의 영업권 감액 빈도와 크기에만 초점을 맞추어 분석하고 있어 그 결과에 편의(bias)를 포함할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 선행연구들의 한계를 극복하기 위해 Ramanna and Watts(2012)의 손상징후에 대한 정의를 활용하여 새로운 손상차손절차가 적시성 있는 회계정보의 전달이라는 목적을 달성하고 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 2008년부터 2011년까지 상장되어 있는 기업 중 영업권을 보유한 947개 기업-연도 표본을 대상으로 분석을 실시한 결과 영업권손상차손 인식의 적시성은 손상차손 인식여부를 더미변수의 형태로 이용한 로지스틱 회귀분석과 연속변수의 형태로 이용한 다변량 회귀분석 모두에서 K-IFRS 이전에 비해 이후 기간에 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과를 보다 강건하게 하기 위해 또 다른 영업권 손상징후를 이용하여 동일한 분석을 재차 수행한 결과도 일관된 모습으로 조사되었다. 이러한 결과는 회계기준 제정기관들이 영업권 회계기준 변경을 통해 보다 적시성있고 목적 적합한 회계수치를 작성하도록 의도하였던 것과 달리 경영자들이 그들에게 주어진 재량권을 악용하여 영업권손상차손 인식시기를 조정함으로써 영업권손상차손 인식의 적시성이 감소하였음을 보여주는 결과이다. 본 연구는 영업권손상인식의 적시성 변화를 분석한 선행연구들의 분석방법에서 나타날 수 있는 편의(bias)를 감소시킬 뿐만 아니라 영업권손상에 대한 징후를 고려한 분석을 실시하여 회계변경으로 인한 손상차손인식의 적시성 변화를 보다 직접적으로 분석하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was designed to figure out the necessity of continuing basic CPR education for the higher grade students of elementary school. The assessment contents were knowledge, practice ability, precision level of CPR skills and continuation of the educational efficiency. Methods : Twenty two students of 4th and 5th grade of elementary school in K city in Chungcheongnam-do were recruited for this study. The study method was a control group of non-synchronized design. A preliminary study was done on October 27 in 2006. The main study was performed from February 14 to May 11 in 2007. The researcher adopted the method of Kyung-hui, Kang (1998) such as awareness, attitude and knowledge in control group, emergency medical technician test protocol, Anne/SkillReporter$^{(R)}$ in case of the basic CPR knowledge. Four times of measures were done in shortly after practicing CPR, 4 weeks after the education, 8 weeks after the education, and 12 weeks after the education. By using SPSS/PC+ (version 12.0), the researcher analyzed the collected data based on frequency, percentage, repeated measurement, ANOVA (analysis of variance), and sidak (multiple comparison - sidak). Results : 1) The confidence of people in the control group in terms of practicing CPR showed a statistically meaningful difference (t = 10.230, p = .000) before/after CPR education. Therefore, hypothesis No.1-1 was accepted. 2) The educational necessity of people in the control group showed no statistically meaningful difference (t = -1.695, p = 0.105) before/after CPR education. Therefore, hypothesis No.1-2 was rejected. 3) The knowledge points of people in the control group showed a statistically meaningful difference (t = -7.731, p = .000) before/after CPR education. Therefore, hypothesis No.2 was accepted. 4) The confidence of people in the control group in terms of practicing CRP showed no meaningful difference (F = 2.789, p = 0.072) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.3 was rejected. 5) The knowledge of people in the control group showed a meaningful difference (F = 9.090, p = .000) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.4 was accepted. 6) The capability of people in the control group in terms of practicing CPR showed a statistically meaningful difference (F = 42.795, p = .000) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.5 was accepted. 7) The precision level of CPR skill of people in the control group showed a statistically meaningful difference (F = 25.198, p = .000) as time passed. Therefore, hypothesis No.6-1 was accepted. 8) The precision level of chest compression skill of people in the control group showed a statistically meaningful difference (F = 5.188, p = .003). Therefore, hypothesis No.6-2 was accepted. Conclusion : In a nutshell, CPR education for the 4th and 5th graders of elementary schools had an influence on their confidence in practicing CPR and on their knowledge. This study showed that as time passed. the educational effect declined in terms of knowledge point, capability of practicing CPR, and the precision level of CRP skill. The results of the study could be postulated into the fact that re-education within 8 weeks after the first education was essential to retaining the educational effect. Therefore, we need to vitalize the CPR education for elementary school students repeatedly on a regular basis in order to continue the educational effect after they were grown-ups and to make them play their roles as a first aider.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.81-95
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• 1995

Now, safety assurance in construction sites should be accomplished by its own organization rather than control of the code or government. It is believed that the safety assurance can be considerably improved by a lecture or an education using the existing theories or literatures up to now, but it is thought that fundamental safety assurance we not able to be accomplished without developing safety devices '||'&'||' equipment or taking fundamental measures, based on the result analyzed from workers behaviors. There are various behaviors of the workers showed in construction site, but only tests for hammerusing works such as form, re-bar, stone workers directly related to the grip strength are mainly performed, investigated and measured here for the study. The above works are similar to power grip, 7th picture on seven items which are categorized for hand grip types(Ammermin 1956 ; Jones ; Kobrick 1958). Measurements of grip strength are commonly taken in anthropometric surveys. They are easy to administer but unfortunately it is rather dubious whether they yield any data that are of interest to the engineer. Very fewer controls of tools are grasped and squeesed studies showed very little overall correlation between grip strength and other measures of bodily strength (Laubach, Kromer, and Thordsen 1972), but hammer-using work which is practically progressed in construction site are mainly influenced with grip strength. According to the investigation on work measurement, it is shown that 77% of form worker are using hammer to be related to grip strength. In this study, it is particularly noticed that wearing safety gloves in construction site is required for workers safety but 20% difference between grip strength with safety gloves and without ones are commonly neglected in the site(Fig. 1). Nevertheless, safety operation with consideration of the above 20% difference is not considered in the construction site. Factors of age, kinds of work, working time, with or without safety gloves are in vestigated '||'&'||' collected at the sites for this study. Test, not at each working hour but at 14 : 00 when the almost all of the workers think the most tired, resulting from the questionaires, also when it is shown on the research report has been performed and compared for main kinds of works : form '||'&'||' re-bar work. Tests were performed with both left SE rightand of the workers simultaneously in construction site using Rand Dynamometer(Model 78010, Lafayette Instrument Co., Indiana, U.S.A) by reading grip strength on the gauge while they are pulling, and then by interviewing on their ages, works, experiences and etc., directly. The above tests have been performed for the dates of 15th march-26th May '95 with consideration of site condition. And even if various factors of ambient temperature on the testing date, working condition, individual worker's habit and worker's condition of the previous ate are concerned with the study. Those are considered as constants in this study. Samples are formwork 53, rebar 62, electrician 5, plumber 4, welding 1 from D construction Co., Ltd, ; formwork 12, re-bar 5, electrician 2, from S construction Co., Ltd, , formwork 78, re-bar 18, plumber 31, electrician 13, labor 48, plumber 31, plasterer 15, concrete placer 6, water proof worker 3, maisony 5 from B construction Co., Ltd. As In the previously mentioned, main aspect to be investigated in this study will be from '||'&'||' re-bar work because grip strength will be directly applied to these two kinds of works ; form '||'&'||' re-bar work, eventhough there are total 405 samples taken. It is thought that a frequency of accident occurrence will be mainly two work postures "looking up '||'&'||' looking down" to be mainly sorted, but this factor is not clarified in this study because It will be needed a lot of work more. Tests has been done at possible large scale of horizontally work-extended sites within one hour in order to prevent or decrease errors '||'&'||' discrepancies from time lag of the test. Additionally, the statistical package computer program SPSS PC＋has been used for the study.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.222-241
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• 2020

조선왕릉 태릉은 중종의 계비인 문정황후의 무덤으로 다양한 종류의 석조물(석물 24기, 봉분석재 144개)이 배치되어 있다. 이 석조물은 모두 중조립질의 흑운모화강암을 사용하여 제작하였다. 석조물의 주요 손상양상은 물리적 손상과 생물오염으로 확인되며 이 중에서 박리박락(145기), 입상분해(138기), 보수물질(156기)과 함께 생물오염인 조류(154기), 지의류(165기), 선태류(97기)가 높은 발생빈도를 보인다. 특히 생물학적 손상(조류)이 가장 심각한 상태(3등급 이상이 전체 석물의 94%)로 즉각적인 보존처리가 요구되며 부분적으로는 박리박락과 입상분해 등도 중장기적인 보존관리가 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 에코팁 경도와 초음파탐사 결과, 석재의 약 70%이상이 물성이 상당히 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 초분광 분석에서도 봉분석재 표면의 80% 이상에서 생물이 서식하는 것으로 분석되었으며 이 부분에는 P(인), S(황), Cl(염소), Ca(칼슘)이 높게 검출되었다. 이는 태릉이 수백 년 동안 야외에 위치하고 있어 물리적, 화학적 및 생물학적 요인 등에 의해 풍화작용을 받아 왔기 때문이다. 따라서 태릉 석조물 중 물리적 풍화등급이 높은 석물은 물성을 보강하기 위해 강화처리가 필요한 것으로 판단되며 생물은 석재의 손상을 유발할 수 있는 가능성이 높기 때문에 건식 및 습식 세정으로 제거해야 한다. 또한 보존처리 이후 생물의 재발생을 지연하기 위해서는 봉분에 흘러내린 토사를 정기적으로 정리해줄 필요가 있고 장기적으로 보존상태에 대한 모니터링이 필요하다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2011

목적: 토릭 소프트 렌즈 피팅에서 타각적 굴절검사를 이용하여 회전 평가의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 난시가 있는 32명(64안, 평균 24.69${\pm}$1.65세)을 대상으로 토릭 소프트렌즈를 피팅하였다. 타각적 굴절검사와 덧댐굴절검사로부터 계산에 의해 렌즈 회전을 평가하여 세극등현미경으로 직접 측정한 값과 비교하였다. 결과: 토릭 소프트 렌즈 회전의 방향은 0점(수직선 ${\pm}$5$^{\circ}$이내) 기준으로 계산과 측정에서 각각 코 방향으로 69.78%와 63.64%로 서로 유사하였다. 계산과 측정에 따른 렌즈 회전 크기에 대한 일치 빈도는 두 방법 간의 차이 기준이 10$^{\circ}$이하에서 54.69%, 20$^{\circ}$이하에서 82.82%를 보였다. 두 방법의 95% 일치도 범위는 ${\pm}$10$^{\circ}$이하에서 -10.08$^{\circ}$~12.65$^{\circ}$(p = 0.1984)이며, 평균차이가 1.29$^{\circ}$로 두 값 사이의 일치성이 있는 것으로 평가되었고, 상관성(r = 0.56, p=0.0004)이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 ${\pm}$20$^{\circ}$이하에서 두 방법 간의 일치성의 범위가 더 넓게 나타났으며 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 피팅 상태에서 두 방법 간의 렌즈 회전 크기 차이는 정상(normal) 피팅에서 9.66${\pm}$6.16$^{\circ}$, 느슨한(loose) 피팅에서 16.17${\pm}$12.38$^{\circ}$ 그리고 타이트(tight) 피팅에서 10.58${\pm}$12.02$^{\circ}$로 나타났다. 결론: 타각적 굴절검사를 기준으로 한 회전 평가와 직접 측정에 의한 회전 평가의 차이가 작을수록 타각적 덧댐굴절검사 값을 자각적 굴절검사를 위한 보조수단으로서 이용 가능성이 더 크며, 또한 정상적 피팅의 가능성이 더 높은 것으로 평가된다. 따라서 직접 측정하는 방법과 이 방법을 병행 적용함으로써 토릭 소프트렌즈의 처방 성공률을 더 높일 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2007

한 대학병원 응급실에 방문한 응급환자들이 방사선에 얼마나 피폭되는지를 알아보고자, 2006년 3월 16일 부터 31일까지 15일 동안 방문환자 200명을 임의 추출하여 방사선 피폭선량을 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 연구대상자의 분포는 타병원전원환자 50명(25.0%), 교통사고환자 24명(8.3%), 기타사고환자 50명(25.0%), 일반환자 76명(38.0%)이었다. 2. 환자의 방사선 촬영횟수를 보면 환자 1인당 타병원, 전원환자 6.4회, 교통사고환자 14.5회, 사고환자 2.6회, 일반환자 2.4회로 교통사고환자들이 타환자군에 비해 방사선촬영 건수가 3~4배 많았다. 3. 환자의 방사선촬영종류별 피폭선량을 보면 일반촬영 28.9mGy, CT촬영 84.2 mGy, 특수촬영 1.02mGy로 CT촬영피폭이 일반촬영 비해 10배 정도 많았다. 4. 환자의 평균 방사선 피폭선량을 보면 타병원 전원환자는 24.6mGy, 교통사고환자는 55.2 mGy, 사고환자는 17.1mGy 일반환자는 17.0mGy로 타병원 전원환자와 교통사고환자가 상대적으로 피폭이 많았다. 5. 방사선촬영 부위별로 보면 일반촬영에서는 두부피폭 1.7mGy로 사고환자에서 피폭이 많았고, 흉부 2.0mGy, 복부 1.6mGy는 일반환자에게 많았으며, 척추 3.4mGy, 골반부 1.8mGy, 상지부 0.5mGy, 하지부 0.6mGy는 교통사고 환자에게 피폭이 많았으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.001). 6. CT촬영에서는 타병원 및 전원환자가 두부 10.9mGy으로 많았고, 흉부와 복부는 각각 2.9mGy, 3.6mGy로 일반환자에게 많았고, 척추, 골반부 1,9mGy 2.7mGy는 교통사고환자에게 많았다. 특히 복부피폭은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다.(P<0.05) 결론적으로 한 대학병원 방문한 응급환자 특히 교통사고환자의 방사선 검사시 일반 외래 환자들의 촬영보다는 과다한 검사와 피폭이 노출선량한도가 2배 이상 증가하는 실정이다. 따라서 병원 관리자 및 방사선취급자는 환자 방사선 촬영시 노출을 최소한으로 제한하고, 방사선피폭감소를 위해 병원의 종사자인 방사선사의 기술적인 연구와 및 보조연구자 및 의료인 등 모두가 예방할 수 있는 대책이 필요할 것으로 생각한다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2000

The antenatal self-care, one of antenatal management, was almost done by a pregnant woman herself. But It's especially difficult for primigravidas to cope with the change of being pregnant, and they also had insufficient knowledge of pregnancy, The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for antenatal management, by grasping how much primigravidas performed antenatal self-care, how much they had maternity-related knowledge, and what factors affected those two factors. The subjects of this study were the primigravidas, selected from among visitors to a general hospital and a hospital for obstetrics and gynecology located in the city of K. A questionnaire survey was carried out over them from July 16 to August 19, 1998, to collect data. The test instrument used in this study for antenatal self-care behavior was one that modified the measurement instrument employed in studies by Kim Hae Won(1996), Lee Mi La(1984), and Yoon Young Mi(1994). Another one for maternity-related knowledge was Kim, Hae Won(1996)'s instrument. The collected data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC+. Frequency and percentage were calculated to find out the primigravidas' general characteristics, and the mean and standard deviation, rank were estimated to determine the degrees of antenatal self-care behavior and maternity-related knowledge, t-test and ANOVA were carried out to identify the general characteristic that affected antenatal self-care and maternity-related knowledge. and the relationship of antenatal self-care behavior to maternity-related knowledge was tested by Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings of this study were as follows; First, the age of the subjects ranged from 18 to 37, and their mean age was 26.43. Their mean gestational period was 24.87 weeks. 45% of the subjects were in the third-term pregnancy. Second, their total mean score in antenatal self-care behavior ranged from 94, the highest, to 36, the lowest. Its average score was 63.81(SD 9.98). The total mean score in maternity-related knowledge ranged from 20, the highest, to 1, the lowest, and its average score was 10.91(SD 4.59, 54.55 percent). Third, the general characteristics that gave impact on the primigravidas' antenatal self-care behavior were age, educational background, gestational period, experience of natural miscarriage, and experience of infertility test. A higher score in antenatal self-care behavior was gained by the primigravida group who had better educational background(F=3.29, p=.02), who was in the late stage of pregnancy(F=4.31, p=.01), who experienced a natural miscarriage(t=2.06, p=.04), and who went through a infertility test(t=-2.19, p=.04). Fourth, the general characteristics that had an influence on maternity-related knowledge were identified as the religion, the term of marriage, and the gestational period. A higher score in maternity-related knowledge was got by the primigravida group who had a religion(t=-2.02, p=.04), and who was in the late stage of pregnancy(F=5.77, p=.003). The term of marriage also made a significant difference(F=3.46, p=.02). Fifth, the relationship of the total mean score between antenatal self-care behavior and maternity-related knowledge was found to be at r=.37(p=.0001). In this study, an attempt was made to affirm the subjects' characteristics, the degree of their antenatal self-care behavior, and the extent of their maternity-related knowledge, to confirm what characteristics affected significantly primigravida's antenatal self-care behavior and maternity-related knowledge, and to verify that there was a relationship between the two variables. The meaning of this study might be backed up by the fact that its findings would serve as a basis for primigravida's efficient antenatal management in the future.