• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.2917-2920
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• 2011

This study aim at demonstrating the environmental performance of freight transport of the rail and road mode through an indicator of embodied energy and $CO_2$ emissions. Using the concept of LCA, the scope of evaluation includes energy production, supply chain activity and operation. The results of embodied energy and $CO_2$ emissions are normalized by means of traffic volume. The results shown that embodied $CO_2$ emissions road mode is 607.07 $gCO_2-eq./tkm$ and 284.67 $gCO_2-eq./tkm$ for road and rail mode, respectively. This number reveals that road mode is 2.1 times larger than rail mode. The results also indicate that the main contribution of $CO_2$ emission from road mode is in the operation stage, which accounts for 70%; however, it is the construction and supply chain stage that accounts for over 50% of the emission of rail mode.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2001

Numerical simulation is conducted to clarify the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of brake shoe for freight car. High order up-wind scheme for governing equations, k-epsilon turbulent model and SIMPLEC algorithm based on finite volume method are used to solve the physical shoe model. The governing equations are solved by TDMA(Tri-Diagonal Matrix Algorithm) with line-by-line method and block correction. From the results of simulation, the characteristics of cooling pattern is strongly affected by the velocity of train and the material of shoe. The face lift of shoe affects on the temperature distribution of rear surface of shoe as well as the front surface of that. Due to the grooves in shoe, it will be expected to cool the frictional heat and result in the reduction of maintenance efforts.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.61-72
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• 2019

In order to enhance the competitiveness of the container shipping industry and promote its development, based on the empirical analyses using multivariate time series models, this study aims to suggest a few strategies related to the dynamics of the container shipping market. It uses the vector autoregressive (VAR) and vector error correction (VEC) models as analytical methodologies. Additionally, it uses the annual trade volumes, fleets, and freight rates as the dataset. According to the empirical results, we can infer that the most exogenous variable, the trade volume, exerted the highest influence on the total dynamics of the container shipping market. Based on these empirical results, this study suggests some implications for ship investment, freight rate forecasting, and the strategies of shipping firms. Concerning ship investment, since the exogenous trade volume variable contributes most to the uncertainty of freight rates, corporate finance can be considered more appropriate for container ship investment than project finance. Concerning the freight rate forecasting, the VAR and VEC models use the past information and the cointegrating regression model assumes future information, and hence the former models are found better than the latter model. Finally, concerning the strategies of shipping firms, this study recommends the use of cycle-linked repayment scheme and services contract.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

In Korea, the parcel delivery service is showing a high growth rate every year thanks to the activation of e-commerce, but the courier unit price continues to drop. Due to the low cost of parcel delivery, there is a need for improvement to normalize courier rates due to deterioration in profitability for couriers, deterioration in service for consumers, and overwork and accidents for workers. In this study, a rational rate system model and a systematic approach were presented. The study method modeled the chargeable weight by reflecting the voulumatirc weight and revenue ton by the volume and weight of the cargo, and presented a new parcel freight charge model based on the cost of delivery. In addition, a rate-determining support system was developed that can be easily, conveniently and reasonably determined on-site. In the demonstration, the rate difference was determined by relying on weight rather than volume, and 63.5% for personal courier and 40% for B2C courier were found to be inadequate. This study could be used as an alternative to solving side effects and problems at the delivery site, in the urgent need for research on ways to improve delivery prices.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.127-141
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• 2019

In this study, the relationship between Baltic Dry Index(BDI) and maritime trade volume in the dry cargo market was verified using the vector autoregressive (VAR) model. Data was analyzed from 1992 to 2018 for iron ore, steam coal, coking coal, grain, and minor bulks of maritime trade volume and BDI. Granger causality analysis showed that the BDI affects the trade volume of coking coal and minor bulks but the trade volume of iron ore, steam coal and grain do not correlate with the BDI freight index. Impulse response analysis showed that the shock of BDI had the greatest impact on coking coal at the two years lag and the impact was negligible at the ten years lag. In addition, the shock of BDI on minor cargoes was strongest at the three years lag, and were negligible at the ten years lag. This study examined the relationship between maritime trade volume and BDI in the dry bulk shipping market in which uncertainty is high. As a result of this study, there is an economic aspect of sustainability that has helped the risk management of shipping companies. In addition, it is significant from an academic point of view that the long-term relationship between the two time series was analyzed through the causality test between variables. However, it is necessary to develop a forecasting model that will help decision makers in maritime markets using more sophisticated methods such as the Bayesian VAR model.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2018

The port industry is an important national industry which significantly affects Korea's imports and exports which are centered on economic structure. For instance, the Port of Busan, which handles 75% of domestic container freight volume, is expected to become increasingly critical for container liner routes. For this reason, there have been continued efforts to expand freight service to attract international freight volume. This study analyzes the structural characteristics of the port network connected to the Port of Busan by analyzing the pattern of the container liner route from 2012 to 2016 by using social network analysis. According to the Port of Busan's liner route network, the port with the highest degree of centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality was found to be the Port of Singapore. The comparison of Busan's annual container handling rank by countries and the port center network analysis of Port of Busan rank was found to be different. As a result, it was established that China's East Port, which occupies a high percentage of the volume of cargo handled by Port of Busan, is not a hub port of Busan when viewed on the Busan's container terminal liner network. In addition, even if the number of Port of Busan container liner service increases, it is estimated that the vessels to be added to the fleet will be limited to small to medium sized, or that Busan port has characteristic of a feeder port for the Port of Singapore, according to the network.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.91-104
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• 2020

Seosan-Daesan Port is the sixth largest port in Korea, and it promotes port infrastructure expansion, regular route development, overseas marketing, and port incentive systems for continuous growth. In addition, the port is planning to open a regular car ferry line to Weihai, China. This study aims to provide useful research data for effective decision making by analyzing the feasibility of opening the Chinese (Weihai) car ferry route of Seosan-Daesan Port. Currently, some car ferry routes that operate between Korea and China are open at Incheon Port, the Port of Pyeongtaek-Dangjin, and the Port of Gunsan. In order to estimate the volume of cargo that will be created when the car ferry route from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai opens, this research analyzes the domestic cargo volume from the Chungcheongnam-do region, where Seosan-Daesan Port is located, to each of the regions where the other ports are located. We estimated the volume of cargo that can be transported on the car ferry from Seosan-Daesan Port to Weihai. As a result, by 2020, about 76,000 passengers and about 50,000 tons of cargo could be created. Suggestions were made for policy strategies that would revitalize passenger numbers and secure the cargo volume of the car ferry, along with a discussion of and the port incentive system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2000

The contributing proportion of the increase of port productivity is more increasing concerning not only the port industry, but also all the informations of container crane which is the representative equipment by the rapid increase of the volume of freight of port. The basic of rapid service is the improvement of the productivity, the information of operation as to the productivity of crane for the quick handling within yard and especially the informations of breakdown and to handle breakdown as soon as possible has a great effect on the increase of productivity.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.119-137
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• 2022

This paper aims to confirm the necessity of the consignment system in Korea's trucking market for the purpose of analyzing the difference in perception between the transportation company and the consignment owner to provide a basis for continuous development of the cargo transportation business. A survey was conducted on the current status of the domestic transportation market with transportation companies and consignment owners, and the perceptions between the two were compared and analyzed. Overall, satisfaction with the consignment system was in the order of transportation companies handling supplies, transportation companies that did not pay supplies, consignment owners belonging to supply companies, and consignment orders belonging to non-volume companies. Similar results were obtained in individual questions. In order for transport companies and consignment owners to coexist and develop in the freight car transport market, it will be necessary to prepare a strategy to increase the satisfaction of consignment owners belonging to transport companies that do not handle relatively low-satisfaction.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2015

Yangsan ICD (Inland Container Depot) has played an important role for Busan Port and Korea's port & logistics industries, increasing international logistics competitiveness and containers' transportation competitiveness in Busan region dealing with 1330 thousand TEU in 2005, since its opening in March 2000. However, it is necessary to seek new measures to revitalize Yangsan ICD, since its cargo volume decreased rapidly owing to the opening of Busan New Port and hinterland in 2006. This study constructed an evaluation model using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and conducted a survey targeting local businesses and persons concerned in Yangsan ICD to seek measures for revitalization. The results suggest that Yangsan ICD needs to switch functions to logistics centers (terminal facilities, logistics warehouse) for revitalization considering its advantage of facility location. Moreover, by extending the utilization period and securing building-to-land ratio, existing and new businesses' stable activity should be guaranteed. Furthermore, utilizing facilities such as the railway station in ICD, an active railway revitalization policy may increase cargo volume. Yangsan ICD should perform its role as an inland logistics depot through the revitalization of railway freight transportation in the national logistics system focusing on road freight transportation.