• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.210-214
• /
• 2019

The allowable path-deviation time of aircraft in a free-space optical communication system has been estimated from various trajectories, using different values of aircraft speeds and turn rates. We assumed the existence of a link between the aircraft and a ground base station. First, the transmitter beam's divergence angle was calculated through two different approaches, one based on a simple optical-link equation, and the other based on an attenuation coefficient. From the calculations, the discrepancy between the two approaches was negligible when the link distance was approximately 110 km, and was under 5% when the link distance ranged from 80 to 140 km. Subsequently, the allowable path-deviation time of the aircraft within the tracking-error tolerance of the system was estimated, using different aircraft speeds, turn rates, and link distances. The results indicated that the allowable path-deviation time was primarily determined by the aircraft's speed and turn rate. For example, the allowable path-deviation time was estimated to be ~3.5 s for an aircraft speed of 166.68 km/h, a turn rate of $90^{\circ}/min$, and a link distance of 100 km. Furthermore, for a constant aircraft speed and turn rate, the path-deviation time was observed to be almost unchanged when the link distance ranged from 80 to 140 km.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2023

We propose a turbulence-tolerant Manchester on-off keying (M-OOK) transmission for free-space optical (FSO) communication. At the transmitter end, a M-OOK signal featuring a spectrum with low-frequency components absent is modulated and transmitted into a turbulent channel. At the receiver end, a low-pass filter (LPF) -based adaptive-threshold decision (ATD) with LPF-extracted channel-state information (CSI) and a high-pass filter (HPF)-based fixed-threshold decision (FTD) are employed to compensate for the effects of turbulence, owing to the low-frequency spectral characteristics of the turbulent channel. The performance of LPF-based ATD and HPF-based FTD are evaluated for various cutoff frequencies for the LPF and HPF. Besides, the proposed M-OOK transmission is compared to conventional non-return-to-zero OOK (NRZ-OOK) for different data rates. The proposed technique is verified in simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed M-OOK detection with optimized cutoff frequencies of LPF and HPF has better bit-error-rate (BER) performance compared to NRZ-OOK, and it is close to the theoretical ATD with the knowledge of precise CSI under various degrees of turbulence effects.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.76.2-76.2
• /
• 2012

The understanding spectral characterization of possible earth-like extra solar planets has generated wide interested in astronomy and space science. The technical central issue in observation of exoplanet is deconvolution of the temporally and disk-averaged spectra of the exoplanets. The earth model based on atmospheric radiative transfer method has been studied in recent years for solutions of characterization of earthlike exoplanet. In this study, we report on the current progress of the new method of 3D earth model as a habitable exoplanet. The computational model has 3 components 1) the sun model, 2) an integrated earth BRDF (Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function) model (Atmosphere, Land and Ocean) and 3) instrument model combined in ray tracing computation. The ray characteristics such as radiative power and direction are altered as they experience reflection, refraction, transmission, absorption and scattering from encountering with each all of optical surfaces. The Land BRDF characteristics are defined by the semi-empirical "parametric-kernel-method" from POLDER missions from CNES. The ocean BRDF is defined for sea-ice cap structure and for the sea water optical model, considering sun-glint scattering. The input cloud-free atmosphere model consists of 1 layers with vertical profiles of absorption and aerosol scattering combined Rayleigh scattering and its input characteristics using the NEWS product in NASA data and spectral SMARTS from NREL and 6SV from Vermote E. The trial simulation runs result in phase dependent disk-averaged spectra and light-curves of a virtual exoplanet using 3D earth model.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.1 no.5
• /
• pp.440-455
• /
• 2017

In this paper, we carry out a performance analysis of a two-user free-space optical (FSO) communication system with photodetector multiplexing, in which the two users are defined as the primary user (PU) and secondary user (SU). Unlike common single-user FSO systems, our photodetector multiplexing FSO system deploys a shared detector at the receiver and enables PU and SU to send their own data synchronously. We conduct the performance analysis of this FSO system for two cases: (1) in the absence of background radiation, and (2) in the presence of background radiation. Decision strategies for PU and SU are presented according to the two scenarios above. Exact and approximate conditional symbol-error probability (SEP) expressions for both PU and SU are derived, in an ideal channel with no fading. Average SEP expressions are also presented in the no-background-radiation scenario. Additionally, in some particular cases where the power ratio tends to 0.5 or 1, approximate SEP expressions are also obtained. Finally, numerical simulations are presented under different conditions, to support the performance analysis.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2019

A hybrid free-space-optical/radio-frequency (FSO/RF) communication system is considered, with the help of amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying. We consider various weather conditions to investigate their effects on the system's performance. We begin by obtaining the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of the end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio for the AF dual-hop FSO communication system with RF backup link. Then, these results are used to derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average bit-error rate, and average ergodic capacity. The results show that the considered system efficiently employs the complementary nature of FSO and RF links, resulting in impressive performance improvements compared to non-hybrid systems.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.28-32
• /
• 2023

Frequency characteristics of gain-saturated erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) are experimentally evaluated to mitigate the optical signal fluctuation induced by atmospheric turbulence in terrestrial freespace optical communication systems. Here, an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is used to emulate optical signal fluctuations induced by atmospheric turbulence. The waveform which is generated in proportion to the refractive-index structural parameters is used to drive the AOM at various periodic frequencies. Thus, the dependence of the signal fluctuation suppression on the frequency is evaluated. The experiment is conducted using a periodic frequency sweep of the AOM driving voltage waveform and signal input power variation of the amplifier. It is observed that a low periodic frequency and high input signal power effectively suppress the optical signal fluctuation. This study evaluates the experimental results from the high-pass filter and gain-saturation characteristics of the EDFA.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.75.2-76
• /
• 2021

MESSIER is a science satellite project to observe the Low Surface Brightness (LSB) sky at UV and optical wavelengths. The wide-field, optical system of MESSIER is optimized minimizing optical aberrations through the use of a Linear Astigmatism Free - Three Mirror System (LAF-TMS) combined with freeform mirrors. One of the key factors in observations of the LSB is the shape and spatial variability of the Point Spread Function (PSF) produced by scatterings and diffraction effects within the optical system and beyond (baffle). To assess the various factors affecting the PSF in this design, we use PhoSim, the Photon simulator, which is a fast photon Monte Carlo code designed to include all these effects, and also atmospheric effects (for ground-based telescopes) and phenomena occurring inside of the sensor. PhoSim provides very realistic simulations results and is suitable for simulations of very weak signals. Before the application to the MESSIER optics system, PhoSim had not been validated for confocal off-axis reflective optics (LAF-TMS). As a verification study for the LAF-TMS design, we apply Phosim sequentially. First, we use a single parabolic mirror system and compare the PSF results of the central field with the results from Zemax, CODE V, and the theoretical Airy pattern. We then test a confocal off-axis Cassegrain system and check PhoSim through cross-validation with CODE V. At the same time, we describe the shapes of the freeform mirrors with XY and Zernike polynomials. Finally, we will analyze the LAF-TMS design for the MESSIER optical system.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.25 no.2
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we present a speckle-free digital hologram with conversion to an off-axis horizontal-parallax-only (HPO) hologram. First, we record the speckle-free hologram using optical scanning holography. Second, we digitally convert the full-parallax hologram to a horizontal-parallax-only hologram. Third, we convert the horizontal-parallax-only hologram to an off-axis hologram. Finally, we show that the off-axis HPO hologram can be numerically reconstructed in space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.865-866
• /
• 2007

Free space optics (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) have been widely used in wireless communication. In this work, we compare the technologies to provide system designers useful metrics.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.328-332
• /
• 1996

We have developed a combined binary-phase hologram (CBPH) consisting of two binary phase holograms. The CBPH can be effectively used for optical interconnection and image processing by suppressing unwanted images of a conventional binary-phase hologram. The theory and properties of the CBPH and experimental results are presented.