• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2016

The transcription cofactor Swi6 plays important roles in regulating vegetative growth and meiosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Functions of Swi6 ortholog were also characterized in Fusarium graminearum which is one of the devastating plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we report possible role of FgSwi6 in the interaction between F. graminearum and Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1) strain DK21. FgV1 perturbs biological characteristics of host fungi such as vegetative growth, sporulation, pigmentation, and reduction of the virulence (hypovirulence) of its fungal host. To characterize function(s) of FgSWI6 gene during FgV1 infection, targeted deletion, over-expression, and complementation mutants were generated and further infected successfully with FgV1. Deletion of FgSwi6 led to severe reduction of vegetative growth even aerial mycelia while over-expression did not affect any remarkable alteration of phenotype in virus-free isolates. Virus-infected (VI) FgSWI6 deletion isolate exhibited completely delayed vegetative growth. However, VI FgSWI6 over-expression mutant grew faster than any other VI isolates. To verify whether these different growth patterns in VI isolates, viral RNA quantification was carried out using qRT-PCR. Surprisingly, viral RNA accumulations in VI isolates were similar regardless of introduced mutations. These results provide evidence that FgSWI6 might play important role(s) in FgV1 induced phenotype alteration such as delayed vegetative growth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.191-191
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• 1998

It has been hypothesized that formation of oxygen-derived free radicals may play an important part in ischemically induced tissue injury. In this study, the effects of vitamin C treatment on hepatic reperfusion model were investigated. Livers isolated from 18 hrs fasted rats were subjected to low flow hypoxia (1 $m\ell$/g liver/min, for 45min) followed by reoxygenation (for 30min). The perfusion medium used was Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer (KHBB, pH 7.4) and vitamin C (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM) was added to perfusate. 7-Ethoxycoumarin was used as substrate of phase and metbolism. After hypoxia oxygen consumption significantly dropped but vitamin C 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM treatments restored oxygen consumption to the level of control group. LDH and lipid peroxidation were not changed in all experimental groups. Oxidation, phase metabolism, significantly decreased following hypoxia but improved during reoxygenation. Vitamin C 0.25 mM treatment significantly improved the oxidation of 7-ethoxycoumarin during hypoxia and reoxygenation, but the oxidation significantly decreased by vitamin C 2.0 mM treatment. Similarly, sulfate conjugation decreased in hypoxic group, but this decrease was inhibited by vitamin C 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mM treatments. Our findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation diminishes hepatic drug metabolizing function, vitamin C at concentration of 0.25-1.0 mM ameliorates but at higher concentration aggravates these hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced changes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.54-59
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• 2005

Nonlinear aeroelastic analyses of a missile control fin are performed considering backlash and dynamic stiffness of actuator. Doublet-Hybrid method is used for the calculation of subsonic unsteady aerodynamic forces, and aerodynamic forces are approximated by the minimum-state approximation. For nonlinear flutter analysis backlash is represented by a free-play and is linearized by using the describing function method. Also, dynamic stiffness is function of frequency and is calculated by solving equation of motion for actuator. The linear and nonlinear flutter analyses show that the aeroelastic characteristics are significantly dependent on the backlash and dynamic stiffness. From the nonlinear flutter analysis, various types of limit cycle oscillations are observed in a range of air speeds below the linear divergent flutter boundary. The nonlinear flutter characteristics and the nonlinear aeroelastic responses are also investigated in the time domain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.727-740
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• 2012

This study is for the enhancement and utilization of future graphic design for T-shirts and deals with the expression styles and features of T-shirt graphic designs that appear in modern fashion. A literature examination about graphic design and T-shirts was performed for the research method and the analysis followed 378 pieces of graphic design featured in four major international collections for females from 2001S/S to 2011S/S. The research results from the expression type of T-shirt graphic design in the modern fashion are as follows. Expression in graphic figure accounts for the largest portion of 40.8% that includes illustration or cartoon characters, personal figure or part of the physical body, object in daily life or landscape pictures, animals and plants, and others. Expression given in text with typography or logo accounted for 27.5%, expression combined with letter/text, graphics and geometric figures accounted for 24.3%, geometrical expression accounted for 7.4%; most of which are given in print. Characteristics found in modern fashion graphic design are as follows. First, role of sort of public relations marketing was accompanied with utilization of brand logo or symbol. Second, visual play was shown in a sense of humor with diverse graphic figures and playful texts, witty layout with graphic motives, and a free design formation. Third, it denoted a front burner issue delivering the message for various current events or arguments via the way of texts, slogans, and symbolic pictures. Fourth, it depicted artistry through the self-expressive creation of the designer.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

Tax-Refund System for foreign tourists is constantly increasing trend because of the discount effect of product. However, in order to get Tax-Refund, foreign tourists are supposed to keep a refund statement of paper issued after the purchases and the existing refund windows involve complicated procedure and poor accessibility, which causes the inconvenience. After recognizing the problems, K company has implemented information systems to relieve the discomfort of the Tax-Refund service by streamlining and reforming complex and inconvenient procedures of the Tax-Refund service so that it is able to plan the shopping convenience of foreign tourists. The K's information system is considered good practice to show that they can play a key role under the competitive environment with the corporate information system that is an essential element in achieving a competitive advantage.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2016

SiC-based ceramic composites are currently being considered for use in fuel cladding tubes in light-water reactors. The joining of SiC ceramics in a hermetic seal is required for the development of ceramic-based fuel cladding tubes. In this study, SiC monoliths were diffusion bonded using a Ti foil interlayer and additional Si powder. In the joining process, a very low uniaxial pressure of ~0.1 MPa was applied, so the process is applicable for joining thin-walled long tubes. The joining strength depended strongly on the type of SiC material. Reaction-bonded SiC (RB-SiC) showed a higher joining strength than sintered SiC because the diffusion reaction of Si was promoted in the former. The joining strength of sintered SiC was increased by the addition of Si at the Ti interlayer to play the role of the free Si in RB-SiC. The maximum joint strength obtained under torsional stress was ~100 MPa. The joint interface consisted of $TiSi_2$, $Ti_3SiC_2$, and SiC phases formed by a diffusion reaction of Ti and Si.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.729-736
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• 2016

This study was performed to evaluate the quality of fermented sausages manufactured with processed sulfur-fed pigs. The fermented sausages were divided into two groups; one was manufactured with non sulfur-fed pigs (NP), the other one was made with processed sulfur-fed pigs (SP). No differences were found in moisture and fat contents (p>0.05) between NP and SP, but the protein and ash con-tents of SP were significantly higher than those of NP (p<0.05). The pH of SP was significantly lower than that of NP, and the water activity ($a_w$) of SP was significantly higher than that of NP after 14 and 21 d (p<0.05). The TBA (Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) w value of SP was significantly lower than that of NP (p<0.05). The lightness and yellowness of NP were significantly higher than those of SP, whereas the redness of NP was lower than SP (p<0.05). The total plate count of SP was lower than that of NP (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in TPA (Texture profile analysis) between the two samples. SP showed significantly increased monounsaturated fatty acid (p<0.05) and decreased saturated fatty acid. Umami taste and richness in SP were significantly higher than in NP (p<0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that processed sulfur fed pigs may play a key role in enhancing the quality of meat products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-174
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• 2017

Background: Traditional plant drugs, are less toxic and free from side effects compared to general synthetic drugs. They have been used for the treatment of diabetes and associated renal damage. In this study, we evaluated effect of Hachimi-jio-gan against diabetic renal damage in a rat model of type 1 diabetic nephropathy induced by subtotal nephrectomy plus streptozotocin (STZ) injection, and in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats and db/db mice as a model of human type 2 diabetes, and its associated complications. To explore the active components of Hachimi-jio-gan, the antidiabetic effect of corni fructus, a consituent of Hachimi-jio-gan, and 7-O-galloyl-${{\small}D}$-sedoheptulose, a phenolic compound isolated from corni fructus, were investigated. Methods and Results: We conducted an extensive literature search, and all required data were collected and systematically organized. The findings were reviewed and categorized based on relevance to the topic. A summary of all the therapeutic effects were reported as figures and tables. Conclusions: Hachimi-jio-gan serves as a potential therapeutic agent to against the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetic nephropathy. From the results of characterization active components of corni fructus, 7-O-galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is considered to play an important role in preventing and/or delaying the onset of diabetic renal damage. 7-O-Galloyl-${\small}D$-sedoheptulose is expected to serve as a novel therapeutic agent against the development of diabetic nephropathy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.131-139
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• 2010

Recent spread of GIS and the increasing demand of spatial data have brought about the development of web GIS. In addition to sharing and mapping spatial data, web GIS is also required to provide spatial analytic functions on the web. The FOSS(free and open source software) can play an important role in developing such a system for web GIS. In this paper, we proposed a web-based system for raster data analysis using map algebra. We employed GRASS as an open source software and implemented the GRASS functionalities on the web using java methods for invocation of server-side commands. Map algebra and AHP were combined for the raster data analysis in our system. For a feasibility test, the landslide susceptibility in South Korea was calculated using rainfall, elevation, slope angle, slope aspect, and soil layers. It is anticipated that our system will be extensible to other web GIS for raster data analysis with GRASS.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 1999

The present study was designed to assess the roles of $PLA_2$ activation and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites in hypoxia-induced renal cell injury. Hypoxia increased LDH release in a dose-dependent manner in rabbit renal cortical slices, and this increase was significant after 20-min hypoxia. The hypoxia-induced LDH release was prevented by amino acids, glycine and alanine, and extracellular acidosis (pH 6.0). Buffering intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ by a chelator, but not omission of $Ca^{2+}$ in the medium produced a significant reduction in hypoxia-induced LDH release. The effect of hypoxia was blocked by $PLA_2$ inhibitors, mepacrine, butacaine, and dibucaine. A similar effect was observed by a 85-kD $cPLA_2$ inhibitor $AACOCF_3.$ AA increased hypoxia-induced LDH release, and albumin, a fatty acid absorbent, prevented the LDH release, suggesting that free fatty acids are involved in hypoxia-induced cell injury. These results suggest that $PLA_2$ activation and its metabolic products play important roles in pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced cell injury in rabbit renal cortical slices.