• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.30 no.9
• /
• pp.850-861
• /
• 2003

When creating annotation information in a free~form environment, ambiguity arises during the analysis stage between geometric information and the annotations. This needs to be resolved so that the accurate creation of annotation information in a free-form annotation environment is possible. This paper identifies and analyzes the ambiguities, specifying methods that are tailored to each of the various contexts that can cause conflicts with free-form marking in a XML-based annotation environment. The proposed general method is based on context which includes various textual and structure information between free-form marking and the annotations themselves. The context information used is expressed in XML based DTD, within the paper. The results are printed and shared through a system specifically implemented for this study. The results from the implementation of the Proposed method show that the annotated areas included in the free-form marking information are more accurate, achieving more accurate exchange results amongst multiple users in a heterogeneous document environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 2002.10d
• /
• pp.139-141
• /
• 2002

Free-form annotation 환경에서 정확한 annotation 정보를 생성하기 위해서는 free-form 마킹의 기하 정보와 annotated part간의 관계를 분석하는 과정에서 발생하는 ambiguity를 인식 및 해결할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 먼저 XML 기반의 annotation 환경에서 free-form 마킹과 다양한 컨텍스트 간에 발생할 수 있는 ambiguity를 분석하였으며 이를 해결하기 위한 annotation 보정 기법을 제안한다. 제안 기법은 free-form 마킹과 annotated part간의 다양한 textual 및 문서구조를 포함하는 컨텍스트를 기반으로 하며 본 연구에서 구현한 annotation 시스템을 통하여 출력 및 교환된다. 그 결과 본 연구의 제안 기법을 통하여 생성된 free-form 마킹 정보는 기존의 기법보다 사용자가 원하는 annotated part 영역을 포함할 수 있으며 따라서 다중사용자 및 서로 다른 문서환경에서도 명확한 교환 결과를 보장할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.565-575
• /
• 2003

This paper proposed context based annotation model and annotation ambiguity correction methods. The proposed model provides various annotation types, semantic models, and pen-based free drawing interface. Annotation correction method that is specifically based on the context which includes various textual and structure information between free-form marking and annotation. Also, interface for XML environment using the proposed model and correction methods is proposed and possibilities of application is looked at. The results from the implementation of the proposed method show that the annotated areas included in the free-form marking information are more accurate, achieving more accurate exchange results amongst multiple users in a heterogeneous document environment

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2006

For the accurate creation of annotation information in a free-form annotation environment, the ambiguity that arises in the analysis stage between the geometric information and annotations needs to be resolved. Therefore, this This paper identifies, analyzes, and proposes presents solutions methods for the ambiguity that can occur between free-form marking and various contexts in XML-based annotation environment. The proposed method is based on context which includes various textual and structure information between free-form marking and annotated part. The proposed method show that the annotated portions areas included in the free-form marking information are more accurate, achieving more accurate exchange results amongst multiple users in a heterogeneous document environment. This study can be effectively applied to eLearning, Cyber-Class, and IETM

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.15.1-15.6
• /
• 2020

Named entity recognition tools are used to identify mentions of biomedical entities in free text and are essential components of high-quality information retrieval and extraction systems. Without good entity recognition, methods will mislabel searched text and will miss important information or identify spurious text that will frustrate users. Most tools do not capture non-contiguous entities which are separate spans of text that together refer to an entity, e.g., the entity "type 1 diabetes" in the phrase "type 1 and type 2 diabetes." This type is commonly found in biomedical texts, especially in lists, where multiple biomedical entities are named in shortened form to avoid repeating words. Most text annotation systems, that enable users to view and edit entity annotations, do not support non-contiguous entities. Therefore, experts cannot even visualize non-contiguous entities, let alone annotate them to build valuable datasets for machine learning methods. To combat this problem and as part of the BLAH6 hackathon, we extended the TextAE platform to allow visualization and annotation of non-contiguous entities. This enables users to add new subspans to existing entities by selecting additional text. We integrate this new functionality with TextAE's existing editing functionality to allow easy changes to entity annotation and editing of relation annotations involving non-contiguous entities, with importing and exporting to the PubAnnotation format. Finally, we roughly quantify the problem across the entire accessible biomedical literature to highlight that there are a substantial number of non-contiguous entities that appear in lists that would be missed by most text mining systems.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.231-242
• /
• 2006

Accurate proofreading Interface requires resolving the ambiguity that occurs when the system determines the relations between the free-form by the user and editing scopes of the document. Proofreading for structure documents such as XML/XHTML involves modification of document structures and modified document also should follow the pre-defined DTD. This paper present a CPI (Context-based Proofreading Interface) based on the XML. The CPI supports free-form drawing of correction marks and provides context-based scope recognition and revision methods. CPI provides both implicit and explicit modification methods for document structures. As a result, the correction mark information produced in this paper includes more accurate scope information than that in other systems.