• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.411-417
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effect of the pretreatment with various doses of diltiazem (DTZ) on the pharmacokinetics of indocyanine green (ICG) at steady state, especially the hepatic blood clearance due to the change of hepatic blood flow, the following experiments were carried out with ICG, a hepatic function test marker, not metabolized in liver and only excreted in bile. The intravenous bolus injection ($3,780\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) and the constant-rate infusion ($10,100\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/hr) of ICG into the left femoral vein were made in order to check the steady-state plasma concentration ($C_{ss} of $10\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) of ICG at 20, 25 and 30 min. Following a 90-min washout period, the intravenous bolus injection (108, 430, 860 and $1,720\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) and the constant-rate infusion (108, 433, 866 and $1,730\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/hr) of DTZ into the right femoral vein were made and the achievement of the steady-state plasma levels ($C_{ss} of 50, 200, 400 and 800 ng/ml) of DTZ were conformed at 60, 70 and 80 min. During the steady state of DTZ, the intravenous bolus injection ($3,780\mu\textrm{g}$/kg) and the constant-rate infusion ($10,200\mu\textrm{g}$/kg/hr) of ICG into the left femoral vein were made and also the steady-state plasma concentration of ICG was checked at 20, 25 and 30 min. The plasma concentrations of DTZ and ICG were determined using a high performance liquid chromatographic technique. At the steady state, the hepatic blood clearance of ICG was obtained from the plasma concentration and blood-to-plasma concentration ratio ($R_B$) of ICG. The pretreatment with various doses of DTZ did not influence the plasma concentrations, $R_B$ and plasma free fraction ($f_p$) of ICG. So the hepatic blood clearance of ICG was independent of concentration of DTZ. The hepatic blood clearance of ICG could be affected by both hepatic bood flow and hepatic intrinsic clearance. But there was no change of the hepatic blood clearance of ICG between the control and the DTZ-pretreated rats in this study. So it may be suggested that DTZ does not influence hepatic blood flow.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2016

Kefir, originating from Caucasus, is an acidic, alcoholic fermented milk product with little acidic taste and a creamy consistency. It is recognized in having beneficial effects infor the prevention and treatment of cancer. For example, Kefir has possesses a chemopreventative effect on carcinogenesis. There has recently been a strong focus on fermented milk foods containing a mixture of several functional organic substances and various probiotic microorganisms. Hence, the purpose of this review paper was to evaluate the scientific evidence for the effects of kefir on cancer prevention and treatment. Some of we analyzed and summarized data-relating to the effects of kefir on cancer. The cacers that kefir has an effect on are as follows: colon cancer, breast cancer, leukemia, sarcoma, skin cancer, gastric cancer. This review suggests that (1) kefir could be associated with cancer prevention, (2) kefir has beneficial effects in cancer treatment, and (3) kefir has various bioactive components including peptides, polysaccharides and sphingolipids, which contribute tofor itsthese anti-cancer properties. Furthermore, furthermore, studies were performed in order to obtain as to get the scientific evidence of kefir's anticancer activity: (1) improved protective effectiveness in vivo (human subjects or animal model), (2) isolation and identification of various bioactive components, and (3) mechanisms associated with beneficial effects.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.590-595
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• 1995

냉이에탄올 추출물중의 항산화활성을 나타내는 물질의 특성을 조사하기 위해 각종 용매로 분획을 실시하여 헥산 분획(Fr.H), 에테르 분획(Fr.E), 에틸아세테이트 분획(Fr.EA), 부탄올 분획(Fr.B), 물 분획(Fr.D)의 5분획을 얻었다. 부탄을 분획은 가장 높은 수소공여능 및 과산화 지질 형성 억제 효과를 보인 반면, xanthine/xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c 환원 반응계에 의한 superoxide radical의 소거능에 있어서는 에테르 분획이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 각 분획의 xanthine oxidase에 대한 저해효과를 측정한 결과 에테르분획이 가장 큰 저해 효과를 보였으며 $IC_{50}$값은 $5.65\;{\mu}g$이었다. 이러한 결과로 부터 에테르 분획의 높은 superoxide radical 소거능이 xanthine oxidase에 의한 라디칼 형성계에 대한 저해 활성으로 부터 기인한 것임을 알 수 있었다. 각 분획의 xanthine oxidase에 대한 저해 효과는 Fr.B

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 1979

쥐를 48시간 굶긴 뒤에 위에 탄수화물 농도가 높은 먹이를 주거나 streptozotocin을 이용하여 당뇨병을 가지게 만든 쥐에 인슈린 주사를 주었을 때 쥐 간계포의 핵단백질중 가장 주요한 0.14M NaCl에 녹는 핵단백질, histones 그리고 페놀에 녹는 핵단백질의 분포 변화를 조사하고자 SDS gel 전기영동법을 이용하였다. 각 핵단백질 분획을 전기영동법으로 분리시킨 단백질의 상대량을 비교하였을 때 0.14M NaCl 추출물은 현저한 변화를 나타내었으나 histones과 페놀로 추출된 핵단백질 분획들은 분리된 단백질 상대량에 큰 변화가 없었다. 48시간 굶긴 쥐와 정상적으로 먹이를 준 쥐의 0.14M MaCl 추출 핵단백질 분획을 비교하였을때 분자량이 50,000 과 180,000 daltons 사이에 있는 적어도 5개의 핵단백질의 농도가 다른 핵단백질에 비교하여 크게 감소되었다. 반면 분자량이 36,000 daltons 단백질의 농도는 48시간 굶긴 쥐에게 다시 탄수화물 농도가 높은 먹이를 주었을 때 24시간 동안에 정상적으로 먹이를 준 쥐에서 관찰한 핵단백질 분포 양상과 비슷한 결과를 얻었다. 당뇨병을 가진 쥐에게 인슈린 주사를 준 쥐와 인슈린주사를 주지 않은 당뇨병 쥐의 0.14M NaCl추출 핵단백질 분획을 비교 조사한 결과는 굶은 쥐에게 탄수화물 농도가 높은 먹이를 준 다음에 얻은 뒤의 결과와 정상적으로 유사하였다. 여기서 얻은 실험결과들은 0.14M NaCl 추출 핵단백질 중에 있는 어떤 핵단백질의 분포 변화가 이미 알려진 인슈린 신호에 따라 조정되고 cytosol에 있는 지방합성에 관하는 효소(lipogenic enzymes)들의 유도에 관련된 세포핵 활성 조절에 영향을 끼치고 있음을 시사해 준다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2020

Purpose: The probability of recurrence of cancer after adjuvant or definitive radiotherapy in patients with human papillomavirus-negative (HPV(-)) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) varies for each patient. This study aimed to identify and validate radiation sensitivity signature (RSS) of patients with HPV(-) HNSCC to predict the recurrence of cancer after radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Clonogenic survival assays were performed to assess radiosensitivity in 14 HNSCC cell lines. We identified genes closely correlated with radiosensitivity and validated them in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. The validated RSS were analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to identify canonical pathways, upstream regulators, diseases and functions, and gene networks related to radiosensitive genes in HPV(-) HNSCC. Results: The survival fraction of 14 HNSCC cell lines after exposure to 2 Gy of radiation ranged from 48% to 72%. Six genes were positively correlated and 35 genes were negatively correlated with radioresistance, respectively. RSS was validated in the HPV(-) TCGA HNSCC cohort (n = 203), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was found to be significantly lower in the radioresistant group than in the radiosensitive group (p = 0.035). Cell death and survival, cell-to-cell signaling, and cellular movement were significantly enriched in RSS, and RSSs were highly correlated with each other. Conclusion: We derived a HPV(-) HNSCC-specific RSS and validated it in an independent cohort. The outcome of adjuvant or definitive radiotherapy in HPV(-) patients with HNSCC can be predicted by analyzing their RSS, which might help in establishing a personalized therapeutic plan.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.167-175
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• 2014

본 연구에는 SCLE를 이용하여 시도된 바가 없는 glucose uptake 유도 실험을 수행하여 HepG2 세포에서 포도당흡수가 증가함을 확인하였다. 또한 이런 포도당의 흡수는 HNF-$1{\alpha}$라는 transcription factor의 활성화를 통해 GLUT-2의 발현을 증가시키기 때문인 것을 실험적으로 증명하였다. 뿐만 아니라 Bacillus stearothermophilus 유래의 GK를 이용하여 활성을 측정한 결과 SCLE가 직접적으로 GK를 활성화하여 포도당의 인산화에 영향을 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 그 실험결과들은 Fig. 8에서 도식화 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 SCLE가 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition 활성에 의한 혈당의 개선과 당뇨예방 효과뿐만 아니라 다양한 세포내 기전을 통해 혈당 및 당뇨의 개선을 유도할 수 있음을 확인하였고, 이는 SCLE가 neutraceuticals 소재로서의 개발가치가 높음을 시사한다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.114-125
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• 2019

Objective: Segmented cardiac cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard for cardiac ventricular volumetric assessment. In patients with difficulty in breath-holding or arrhythmia, this technique may generate images with inadequate quality for diagnosis. Real-time cardiac cine MRI has been developed to address this limitation. We aimed to assess the performance of retrospective electrocardiography-gated real-time cine MRI at 3T for left ventricular (LV) volume and mass measurement. Materials and Methods: Fifty-one patients were consecutively enrolled. A series of short-axis cine images covering the entire left ventricle using both segmented and real-time balanced steady-state free precession cardiac cine MRI were obtained. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), and LV mass were measured. The agreement and correlation of the parameters were assessed. Additionally, image quality was evaluated using European CMR Registry (Euro-CMR) score and structure visibility rating. Results: In patients without difficulty in breath-holding or arrhythmia, no significant difference was found in Euro-CMR score between the two techniques (0.3 ± 0.7 vs. 0.3 ± 0.5, p > 0.05). Good agreements and correlations were found between the techniques for measuring EDV, ESV, EF, SV, and LV mass. In patients with difficulty in breath-holding or arrhythmia, segmented cine MRI had a significant higher Euro-CMR score (2.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.4 ± 0.5, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Real-time cine MRI at 3T allowed the assessment of LV volume with high accuracy and showed a significantly better image quality compared to that of segmented cine MRI in patients with difficulty in breath-holding and arrhythmia.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1454-1463
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• 2023

Potentillae Chinensis Herba 추출물의 항산화 효능 평가를 위해 DPPH 자유라디칼 소거 활성과 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 활성 평가를 시행하였다. 세포 실험에서 항염증 평가를 위해 호흡기 점막 상피세포 NCI,H292와 RAW264.7 세포 대상으로 항염증 효능을 평가하였다. 그 결과, DPPH 자유라디칼 소거 활성과 ABTS 양이온 라디칼 활성 모두 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 세포 MTT 분석 결과, 각 농도 100 ㎍/ml로 처리한 경우 NCI-H292 세포의 생존율이 70% 미만으로 감소하였고, 이후 실험은 50 ㎍/ml로 진행하였다. 항염증 효능 평가에서는 NO생성, TNF-𝛼, IL-1𝛽, PGE₂가 감소하였고, COX-2도 50 ㎍/ml에서 유의하게 감소하였다. Potentillae Chinensis Herba 추출물과 생물전환 추출물의 뮤신 단백질 발현은 MUC5AC 발현이 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과는 Potentillae Chinensis Herba의 호흡기 점액 단백질 발현을 도와 염증을 억제하는 기능성 소재로 활용하는데 가치가 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate pharmacokinetic variables from contrast-enhancing lesions (CELs) and non-enhancing T2 high signal intensity lesions (NE-T2HSILs) on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four GBM patients who had undergone preoperative DCE MR imaging and received standard treatment were retrospectively included. We analyzed the pharmacokinetic variables of the volume transfer constant (Ktrans) and volume fraction of extravascular extracellular space within the CEL and NE-T2HSIL of the entire tumor. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed using preoperative clinical characteristics, pharmacokinetic variables of DCE MR imaging, and postoperative molecular biomarkers to predict PFS. Results: The increased mean Ktrans of the CEL, increased 95th percentile Ktrans of the CELs, and absence of methylated O⁶-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter were relevant adverse variables for PFS in the univariate analysis (p = 0.041, p = 0.032, and p = 0.083, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves demonstrated that PFS was significantly shorter in patients with a mean Ktrans of the CEL > 0.068 and 95th percentile Ktrans of the CEL > 0.223 (log-rank p = 0.038 and p = 0.041, respectively). However, only mean Ktrans of the CEL was significantly associated with PFS (p = 0.024; hazard ratio, 553.08; 95% confidence interval, 2.27-134756.74) in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. None of the pharmacokinetic variables from NE-T2HSILs were significantly related to PFS. Conclusion: Among the pharmacokinetic variables extracted from CELs and NE-T2HSILs on preoperative DCE MR imaging, the mean Ktrans of CELs exhibits potential as a useful imaging predictor of PFS in GBM patients.

• Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

BACKGROUND: There is limited data on the residual echocardiographic findings including strain analysis among post-coronavirus disease (COVID) patients. The aim of our study is to prospectively phenotype post-COVID patients. METHODS: All patients discharged following acute COVID infection were systematically followed in the post-COVID-19 Recovery Clinic at Vancouver General Hospital and St. Paul's Hospital. At 4-18 weeks post diagnosis, patients underwent comprehensive echocardiographic assessment. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by 3D, 2D Biplane Simpson's, or visual estimate. LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) was measured using a vendor-independent 2D speckle-tracking software (TomTec). RESULTS: A total of 127 patients (53% female, mean age 58 years) were included in our analyses. At baseline, cardiac conditions were present in 58% of the patients (15% coronary artery disease, 4% heart failure, 44% hypertension, 10% atrial fibrillation) while the remainder were free of cardiac conditions. COVID-19 serious complications were present in 79% of the patients (76% pneumonia, 37% intensive care unit admission, 21% intubation, 1% myocarditis). Normal LVEF was seen in 96% of the cohort and 97% had normal right ventricular systolic function. A high proportion (53%) had abnormal LV GLS defined as < 18%. Average LV GLS of septal and inferior segments were lower compared to that of other segments. Among patients without pre-existing cardiac conditions, LVEF was abnormal in only 1.9%, but LV GLS was abnormal in 46% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Most post-COVID patients had normal LVEF at 4-18 weeks post diagnosis, but over half had abnormal LV GLS.