• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 1985

Lipid and fatty acid compositions of the bound lipids in Panax quinquefolium (Korea, Japan and China), Panax quinquefolium (America, Canada) and Panax notoginseng (China) were studied by means of silicic acid column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The could lipid contents in various ginsengs were 0.29 to 0.48%, in which neutral lipid fractions were 63.6 to 67.3%, glycolipid fractions 21.9 to 25.7% and phospholipid fractions 7.7 to 12.4%. The content compositions of neutral lipid fractions were lower and those of glycolipid and phospholipid fractions were higher in the bound lipids than in the free lipids from the various ginseng. The major components were fatty acids, diglycerides and free sterols in neutral lipid fractions, monogalactosyl diglyceride, sterol glucoside and esterified steryl g1ycoside in glycolipid fractions and phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidic acid in phosphoipid fractions. Seventeen fatty acids were analyzed in the four bound lipid fractions from the various ginsengs and main fatty acids were linoleic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid. Total saturated fatty acid and palmitic acid contents were higher and total unsaturated fatty acid and linoleic acid contents lower in the total bound lipids than in the total free lipids from the various ginsengs.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2007

Ethanolysis of squid viscera oil with immobilized lipase was investigated for reducing the free fatty acid contents and enhancing the function of the oil by stepwise addition method of Shinmada[1]. Tendency of oil variation during Ethanolysis showed increased content of diglyceride, monoglyceride and fatty acid ethyl ester with reduced free fatty acid contents. The oil composition was analyzed using GC-FID and compared before and after ethanolysis. Structural analysis of the lipid was performed by HPLC-UV spectrophotometer during ethanolysis. The transformed oil was thought to has suitable properties for functional oil production.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.261-265
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• 1983

steryl ester구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)으로서 plamitic acid와 stearic acid는 모든 저장조건(貯藏條件)에서 감소(減少)하였고 linoleic acid는 증가(增加)하였다. 또한 $C_{18}$/$C_{16}$지방산비(脂肪酸比)는 통기저장(通氣貯藏)이 밀봉저장(密封貯藏)보다 전(全) 저장기간(貯藏期間)에서 높았다. triglyceride의 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)으로서 palmitic acid와 stearic acid는 모든 저장조건(貯藏條件)에서 저장(貯藏) 9개월(個月)까지는 감소(減少)하였다가 9개월(個月) 이후(以後)에는 증가(增加)하였다. oleic acid와 linoleic acid는 저장(貯藏) 9개월(個月)까지는 증가(增加)하였다가 그 이후(以後)에는 다시 감소(減少)하였다. 또한 $C_{18}$/$C_{16}$지방산비(脂肪酸比)와 불포화도비(不飽和度比)는 통기저장(通氣貯藏) 밀봉저장(密封貯藏)보다 높은 경향(傾向)이었다. free fatty acid 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)으로서 palmitic acid와 stearic acid는 저장(貯藏) 9개월(個月)까지는 감소(減少)하였다가 그 이후(以後)부터는 증가(增加))하였다. 그러나 oleci acid와 linoleic acid는 저장(貯藏) 9개월(個月)까지는 감소(減少)하였다가 그 이후(以後)부터는 다시증가(增加))하였다. 한편 불포화도비(不飽和度比)는 통기저장(通氣貯藏)이 밀봉저장(密封貯藏)보다 높았다.

• Entomological Research
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.453-456
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• 2018

The lipids of Clanis bilineata larvae meat (CBLM) are susceptible to oxidation, and thus the commercial and consumption values of CBLM decrease during frozen storage. In the present study, peroxide values (PV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), free fatty acid (FFA) content, fatty acid composition, and likeness (palatability) score of CBLM were determined to investigate the effect of glutathione on the oxidation of CBLM lipids. Glutathione decreased the PV, TBARS, and FFA content, maintained fatty acid composition, and increased the likeness (palatability) score of the CBLM, indicating that glutathione can be used as a cryoprotectant to extend the shelf life of CBLM.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.563-573
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• 1994

This study was conducted to compare the lipid content and fatty acid composition of the Korean breast milk produced at 1, 2 and 3 months postpartum with the infant formula produced in Korea. The content of total lipids of the breast milk was low compared with the other data of Korean as well as foreign breast milk, and the content tended to reduce during the progress of lactation. The composition of fatty acids of the breast milk was characterized by low saturated fatty acids(SFA) and high $\omega$3 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially 20:5 and 22:6, so the P/S and $\omega$6/$\omega$3 rations were high. The formulas had more total lipids, triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids and less cholesterol(CHOL) and free fatty acids than the breast milk. The cholesterol content of the formulas was around 50% of that of the breast milk, so the CHOL/TG ratio was low. Although the formulas varied in fatty acid composition, the formulas had more SFA and $\omega$6 series of PUFA, but less monounsaturated fatty acids and $\omega$3 series of PUFA than the breast milk. This study shows that there are some differences in lipid content and fatty acid composition between breast milk and infant formula. Therefore, further studies needed to investigate the physiological effect of this difference on lipid metabolism of infants.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.399-405
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• 1996

The effects of stearic(18 : 0, SA), oleic(18 : 1 cis, OA) and elaidic acid(18 : 1 trans, EA) on the cell growth, contents of cellular lipids, and the fatty acid composition of cellular and medium lipids in Hep-G$_2$cells were evaluated. The cells were incubated in serum-free medium containing 25, 50, 100 and 200$\mu$M of a fatty acid combined with albumin for 2 days. The fatty acid concentration up to 100$\mu$M showed the normal growth, but the cell growth decreased in the presence of 200$\mu$M fatty acid. The treatment of cells with 100$\mu$M of a fatty acid for two days significantly(p<0.05) increased the cellular triglyceride(TG) content in all fatty acid groups compared to control, but TG contents was not significantly different among all treatment group, but total cholesterol(TC) was the highest level in EA group. The level of free cholesterol(FC) and cholesteryl ester(CE) was similar to those of TC in all fatty acid treated group. The cellular phospholipid(PL) contents were similar between the control and all fatty acid groups. The treatment of cells with SA has no notable effects on the fatty acid composition of TG, CE and PL. The OA treatment caused significant increases in CE(51.2%) and PL(29.8%), but not in TG. The EA treatment resulted in 10.1, 10.7 and 7.8% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$ content in cellular TG, CE, and PL. The TG, CE and PL of medium were relatively similar between SA and OA groups. In EA treated group, TG, CE and PL of medium contained 17.0%, 0.7% and 5.6% of $C_{18:1\;trans}$, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.239-247
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• 1982

은기(銀寄), 녹조(鹿鳥), 상피(霜被)의 3가지 밤 품종(品種)을 시료(試料)로 하여 과육(果肉)을 내과육(內果肉)과 외과육(外果肉)으로 나눈 후에 유리지질(遊離脂質) 및 결합지질(結合脂質)을 추출(抽出) 하고 그의 지질조성(脂質組成) 및 구성지방산(構成脂肪酸)을 column chromatography, gas chromatography에 의하여 분리(分離), 정량(定量)하였다. 밤의 총지질(總脂質)의 평균함량(고형물당(固刑物當))은 내과육(內果肉)에 1.84%, 외과육(外果肉)에 1.95%였으며 이 중에서 유리지질(遊離脂質)은 내과육(內果肉)에 1.26%, 외과육(外果肉)에 1.63%이나 결합지질(結合脂質)은 내과육(內果肉)에 0.58%, 외과육(外果肉)에 0.32%로서 유리지질이 결합 지질보다 $2{\sim}5$배 많았으며 외과육(外果肉)에 특히 유리지질이 많았다. 유리지질(遊離脂質) 중의 중성지질(中性脂質)은 평균 39.5%로 결합지질(結合脂質)의 4%보다 10배 정도 많았으나 외과육(外果肉)에 있어서는 유리지질(遊離脂質) 중의 중성지질이 56.6%로서 더욱 많았다. 당지질(糖脂質)의 평균함량은 유리지질에 22.0%, 결합지질에 17.0%였으며 인지질(燐脂質)의 평균함량은 유리지질에는 6.9%였으나 결합지질에는 10.5%로써 그 함량(含量)이 많았다. 밤의 유리지질(遊離脂質)을 구성하는 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid, palmitic acid 및 linolenic acid이나 결합지질(結合脂質)에는 palmitic acid가 40.1%로 가장 많았고 linoleic acid, linolenic acid가 그 다음으로 적었다. 또한 결합지질에는 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)이 유리지질에서 보다 2배 정도 많았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to determine the total dietary fiber content and free sugar, fatty acid, amino acid compositions in bamboo shoot, lotus root and burdock. Bamboo shoot contained 3.05% of proteins, 0.48% of lipids, 2.45% of fibers, which were larger than those of other samples (lotus root and burdock). Burdock contained more sugars than the others as 18.64%. On a dry matter basis, total dietary fiber by Prosky AOAC method were 62.5% for bamboo shoot, 17.9% for lotus root and 41.9% for burdock. Therefore, the content of dietary fiber in bamboo shoot was the most abundant among them. Free sugar contents (glucose, fructose and sucrose) of the sample were analyzed by HPLC. Sucrose was the most abundant in both bamboo shoot and lotus root, and the content of fructose and sucrose in burdock were almost same. The major fatty acids in bamboo shoot, lotus root and burdock analyzed by GC were palmitic and linoleic acid. Also, linolenic acid were abundent only in bamboo shoot. The results of amino acid analysis showed that aspartic acid, glutamic acid and Iysine were the most abundent amino acids in the sample. Bamboo shoot contained large percentage of protein, the sweet-tasting amino acids and lipid than the other samples. Therefore bamboo shoot can be used as a flavor material because they contain plenty of the sweet-lasting amino acid and free sugar. Bamboo shoot and burdock can be used as potential source of dietary fiber because of the high content of dietary fiber in those samples.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2007

건조된 명태들은 전반적으로 다가불포화지방산이 감소하고 단일불포화지방산은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 주기적인 자연냉동과 해동을 반복하면서 건조된 명태(미숙성황태)를 장기간 숙성하여 완성한 황태의 지방산 조성은 북어나 미숙성황태와 비교해 볼 때, 원료시료(명태)간의 차이를 감안하더라도 특징적인 차이를 보였다. 총 유리아미노산 함량도 황태가 북어나 미숙성황태보다 낮게 나타나 불포화지방산과 유리아미노산의 반응에 의한 점진적인 갈변화 현상을 설명해 주는 것으로 판단된다. 황태의 수용성 갈변물질은 주로 숙성단계에서 많이 형성되는 것으로 추정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of acid whey and freeze-dried cranberries on the physicochemical characteristics, lipid oxidation and fatty acid composition of nitrite-free fermented sausage made from deer meat and pork fat. Antioxidant interactions between acid whey and cranberry compounds were also explored. Methods: Four formulations of fermented venison sausage were prepared: F1 (control), F2 (with 5% liquid acid whey), F3 (with 0.06% of freeze-dried cranberries), and F4 (with 5% liquid acid whey and 0.06% of freeze-dried cranberries). Each sample was analyzed for pH, water activity ($a_w$), heme iron content, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and conjugated dienes at the end of the manufacturing process and at 30 and 90 days of refrigerated storage. Fatty acid composition was measured once at the end of the manufacturing process. Results: At the end of ripening, all samples presented statistically different values for a pH range of 4.47 to pH 4.59. The sum of the unsaturated fatty acids was higher, while the conjugated diene and the TBARS values were lower in sausages with freeze-dried cranberries as compared to the control sausage. The highest content of heme iron (21.52 mg/kg) at day 90 was found in the sausage formulation with the addition of freeze-dried cranberries, which suggests that the addition of cranberries stabilized the porphyrin ring of the heme molecule during storage and thereby reduced the release of iron. The use of liquid acid whey in combination with cranberries appears to not be justified in view of the oxidative stability of the obtained products. Conclusion: The results suggest that the application of freeze-dried cranberries can lower the intensity of oxidative changes during the storage of nitrite-free fermented sausage made