• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.361-365
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• 1978

개암종실의 일반성분과 petroleum ether로 추출한 지방질에 대한 몇가지 물리, 화학적 항수, 지방질의 구성분 및 지방산조성을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 개암종실의 일반성분은 수분 4.0%, 조단백질 15.5%, 조지방질 64%, 가용성무질소물 11.7%, 조섬유 2.0%, 조회분 2.5%였다. 그리고 참개암이 물개암보다 조지방질의 함량이 약 3%가량 더 많았다. 2) 개암종실에서 추출한 조지방질의 비중$(15/15^{\circ}C)$은 0.916. 굴절률$(15^{\circ}C)$은 1.468이였고, 비누화값은 184, 요오드값은 94.5, 산값은 0.2였으며 비비누화물량은 0.25%였다. 3) 개암종실유에는 중성지질이 약 97%이고 복합지질은 약 3%에 불과하였다. 4) 개암종실유중의 중성지질은 98 %가 triglyceride이고, free fatty acid와 free sterol은 각각 0.5% 및 1.3%였으며 esterified sterol은 검출되지 않았다. 5) 개암종실유의 지방산조성은 oleic acid가 $76{\sim}80%$로 가장 많고 linoleic acid는 약 15%로 그 다음으로 많으며, palmitic 및 stearic acid는 각각 5.0% 및 1.7%였으며, 그외에 linolenic acid와 palmitoleic acid가 각각 0.4% 및 0.8% 함유되여 있었다. 그리고 p/s ratio는 $1.8{\sim}2.8$이었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

To explore the possibility of using freeze dried loach for instant choo o tang(Korean traditional loach soup), protein qualities and fatty acid composition were evaluated on boiled and steamed loach. Total lipid and ash content were lowered in both heated(boiled and steamed) loaches due to deboning and eviscerating during cooked meat preparation. Profiles of total amino acids were not changed seriously by the type of cooking, but the amount of essential amino acids were comparable in all samples. Two times more free amino acids were quantified in cooked samples compared to raw meat. Available lysine was marginally decreased by cooking, and that caused some measurable change in typsin indigestible substrate(TI) in streamed whole loach. In vitro protein digestibility of the heated loaches was not altered drastically and the protein quality determined as computed protein efficiency ratio(C PER) was similar for the raw, boiled and steamed loach. The ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids changed measurably in heated whole loach. The results shows that heating caused apparent oxidative deterioration of the polyunsaturated fatty acids.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.350-361
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• 2020

Background: Black ginseng (BG) is a type of Korean ginseng prepared by steaming and drying raw ginseng to improve the saponin content. This study examined the effects of BG on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in HepG2 cells and diet-induced obese mice. Methods: HepG2 cells were treated with free fatty acids to induce lipid accumulation before supplementation with BG. NAFLD-induced mice were fed different doses (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) of BG for 8 weeks. Results: BG significantly reduced lipid accumulation and expression of lipogenic genes, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, and fatty acid synthase in HepG2 cells, and the livers of mice fed a 45% high-fat diet with 10% fructose in the drinking water (HFHF diet). BG supplementation caused a significant reduction in levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, while antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly increased in 45% high-fat diet with 10% fructose in the drinking water diet-fed mice. Expression of proliferator-activated receptor alpha and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I were upregulated at the transcription and translation levels in both HepG2 cells and diet-induced obese mice. Furthermore, BG-induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl CoA carboxylase in both models, suggesting its role in AMP-activated protein kinase activation and the acetyl CoA carboxylase signaling pathway. Conclusion: Our results indicate that BG may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of NAFLD.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.284-290
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• 1977

쪽제비싸리 종자의 일반성분(一般成分)과 diethyl ether로 추출한 조지방질(粗脂肪質)에 대한 몇가지 물리화학적(物理化學的) 항수(恒數), 지방질(脂肪質)의 구성(構成) 및 지방산(脂防酸)의 조성(組成)을 분석한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1) 쪽제비싸리 종자의 일반성분은 수분(水分) 10.14 %, 조단백질(粗蛋白質) 21.77 %, 조지방질(粗脂肪質) 12.73 %, 탄수화물(炭水化物) 51.75 %, 조회분(粗灰分) 3.61 %였다. 2) 유지(油脂)의 비중(比重)$(15/15^{\circ}C)$은 0.925, 굴절율 $(15^{\circ}C)$은 1,477, 발연점은 $175^{\circ}C$, titer는 $14.8^{\circ}C$였다. 3) 유지(油脂)의 요오드값은 144, 비누화값은, 182, 산값은 2.9, 에스테르값은 179, 비비누화물량은 5.17%였으며 특히 요오드값과 비비화물량이 다른 식물성 유지 보다 높았다. 4) 지방질(脂肪質)의 구성은 다른 식물성 유지와 같이 triglyceride가 주성분으로 약 75% 함유 되어 있으며 esterified sterol이 약 14% 로 그 다음으로 많고, phospholipid, free sterol 및 free fatty acid가 3.08 %, 4.40 %, 3.77 % 각각 함유되어 있었다. 5) 지방산(脂肪酸)의 조성은 linoleic acid가 76.21 %로 주성분이며, palmitic acid와 stearic acid가 9.92 % 및 5.07 %로 그 다음으로 많으며, oleic acid와 linolenic acid는 4.45 % 및 2.03 %씩 각각 함유되어 있었고, 그 외에 palmitoleic acid와 arachidic acid는 1 %내외의 적은 양이 함유되어 있었다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 1966

It has been known that the pronounced hypotension resulting from hemorrhage gives rise to compensatory stimulation of the adrenosympathetic system, which leads to an increase of liberation of catecholamines from sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medulla. It is obvious, therefore, that numerous physiological and biochemical changes during the hemorrhagic hypotention might be mediated through the increased liberation of catecholamines. Although an extensive studies have been reported on changes of protein and carbohydrate metabolism in hemorrhagic shock a few studies on the changes of lipid metabolism have been reported. Levenson(1961) observed a marked increase of serum lipids content during hemorrhagic shock and also noticed a marked elevation of serum free fatty acids. He suggested that these effects were due to mobilization and accelerated metabolic breakdown of lipids which might be resulted by sympathetic stimulation as a cause. To elucidate the mechanism of this, author studied the change of serum free fatty acids and blood sugar with relation to catecholamines during experimentally induced hemorrhagic shock in dog. Healthy male mongrel dogs weighing approximately 15kg were used. Under the general anesthesia with pentobarbital, rapid hemorrhage was produced from the femoral artery maintaining blood pressure level of 40 mmHg measured by the manometer connected with the opposite femoral artery throughout the experiment. Serum free fatty acids(FFA) and blood sugar were measured by the methods of Dole(1956) and Folin-wu,(1920) respectively. Tissue catecholamine was measured by Shore and Olin method(1958) using Aminco-Bowman spectrophotofluorometer.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.303-307
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• 1992

The lipid compositions of buckwheats produced in Korea were analyzed. The samples used in this experiment were as follows; Kyungbuk rice buckwheat. Kangwon hull buckwheat and Kangwon rice buckwheat. The total lipids were extracted and fractionated to neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids respectively by silicic acid column chromatography (SACC). As a result, neutral lipids content of these three samples were in the range of 82.77-95.65%; glycolipids in 1.97-10.83%; and phospholipids in 2.21-6.40%. The composition of neutral lipids of these three samples showed that triglyceride were in the range of 88.7-92.0%; monoglyceride in 2.3-4.0%; free fatty acid in 3.0-3.7%; diglyceride in 0.7-0.8%.; free sterol in 0-0.7%; and steryl esters in 0-2.2%. The major fatty acids of total lipid, neutral lipid, glycolipids and phospholipids of these three samples were oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.635-641
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• 1996

As a basic study for preparing pine sprout tea, chemical components in pine sprouts and pine needles were analyzed as follows: In proximate composition the contents of most components except for crude fat were different between in pine sprouts and pine needles. Moisture content in pine sprouts was higher than that in pine needles. Calcium and potassium were major minerals contained in pine sprouts and needles, and their contents in pine needles picked in December were higher than those picked in June. Soluble tannin and vitamin C contents in leaf part of pine sprouts were much higher than those in stem part and their contents in pine needles were increased according to their growth. Free sugars like fructose, glucose and sucrose were contained in both pine sprouts and needles, and their contents in pine sprouts were higher in stem part as compared that in leaf part. Although fourteen kinds of amino acids were detected in pine sprouts and pine needles, their contents were extremely low. Amino acid composition between pine sprouts and pine needles was different each other, but major amino acids contained in them were same, those are acidic amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Amino acid contents in pine needles were increased according to the growth. In fatty acid composition in leaf part of pine sprouts, saturated fatty acid contents were higher than unsaturated fatty acid contents, but in stem part unsaturated fatty acid contents were higher. In pine needles the amount of saturated fatty acid was increased with the growth, but the amount of unsaturated fatty acid was rather decreased.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.400-403
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• 1997

본 실험에서는 생마늘을 소금물에서 $100^{\circ}C$로 가열하고 급냉하여 제조한 무취마늘과 생마늘의 일반성분, 유리당, 아미노산, 지방산 및 색도의 변화를 조사하였다. 일반성분 중 조섬유, 조지방 및 회분의 함량은 거의 변화가 없으나 환원당은 약 15%, 조단백질의 함량이 약 27% 감소되었다. 유리당 성분은 glucose가 증가된 반면에 sucrose와 maltose는 감소되었다. 총 아미노산은 30% 정도가 감소되었는데, 그 중 arginine, isoleucine등이 이 감소되었다 생마늘에 가장 많이 함유된 지방산은 linoleic acid 59.53%이었으며, 그 다음은 oleic acid 10.05%이었고, lauric acid가 0.24%로 가장 적었다. 그리고 무취 마늘에서는 linoleic acid 39.74%, behenic acid 15.35%였으며, lauric acid가 0.37%로 가장 적었다. 색도는 L, b 값은 거의 변화가 없으나 a값은 약간 감소하는 경향이었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2000

예로부터 창포는 민간요법, 한약재로 사용되어왔다. 창포의 식품 또는 생활용품으로서의 가능성을 검토함에 있어 기초자료로 사용하고자 창포의 잎과 뿌리의 일반성분, 무기성분, 유리당, 유기산, 지방산 및 아미노산 등의 성분분석을 실시하였다. 무기질 함량은 K이 잎, 뿌리 모두에서 548.65 mg%, 242.87 mg% 로 가장 높게 나타났으며 다음으로는 Ca, Mg, P의 순으로 나타났다. 이들 무기질은 모두 뿌리보다 잎에서 많은 양을 함유하고 있었다. 유리당은 잎, 뿌리 모두 glucose와 fructose만이 존재하였으며 유기산은 잎과 뿌리에서 malic acid가 가장 많았고 다음은 citric acid로 나타났다. 지방산은 잎에서는 linolenic acid와 palmitic acid, linoleic acid가, 뿌리에서는 linoleic과 palmitic acid가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 총아미노산 함량은 잎이 뿌리에 비하여 3배 이상 많은 것으로 나타났으며, 잎에는 leucine이 가장 많았고, 다음은 glutamic acid가 많았다. 뿌리에서는 glutamic acid, aspartic acid 순으로 나타났다. 창포의 잎과 뿌리의 영양성분 분석 결과 대체로 뿌리보다 잎에 더 많이 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2008

Biodiesel is an alternative and renewable energy source, which is hoped to reduce global dependence on petroleum and environmental problem. Biodiesel produced from a variety of oil sources such as vegetable oil, animal fat and waste oils, and has properties similar to those associated with petro-diesel, including cetane number, volumetric heating value, flash point, viscosity and so on. In this study, we investigate the effect of quality of raw materials on alkali-catalyzed transesterification for producing of biodiesel. The increase of content of free fatty acid and water in oil were caused the sharp decrease of conversion yield. Also, the low purity of methanol in reactant was inhibited the reaction rate. In the case of addition of sodium sulfate as absorbent to prepare catalyst solution, the content of fatty acid methyl ester in product was increased more about 1.6% than that of control. However, the addition of zeolite, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate as absorbent in reactant to remove water generated from reaction did not show any enhancement in the reaction yield. This result may provide useful information with regard to the choice and preparation of raw materials for more economic and efficient biodiesel production.