• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2006

This study investigated the effects of Platycodon grandiflorum aqueous extract on lipid concentration of serum and liver in rats fed high cholesterol diet Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups (control, low dose of extract, high dose of extract) for four weeks. The serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly lower in the low and high doses of extract groups than in the control group. There was a significant decrease in the free cholesterol, cholesterol ester, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations in serum, and the total cholesterol and the triglycerides contentin liver in the low and high doses of extract groups compared to the control group. When the serum phospholipid concentration was compared among the groups, it was significantly lower in high dose of extract group than in control and low dose of extract group. It can be postulated that Platycodon grandiflorum aqueous extract may possess substantial hypolipidemic properties in rats.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.468-474
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• 1997

The chemical composition and hypocholoesterolaemic effect of Nostoc commune were studied. Proximate analysis data, composition of dietary fiber and oxalic acid-ammonium oxalate soluble substance of Nostoc commune were presented. Thirty rats were fed with the one of the following diet for three weeks: The control diet contained 0.75% cholesterol, 0.25% sodium cholate and 5% cellulose powder, CF was cholesterol free, PNC, ONC and RNC diet contained 7.2% powder, 2.2% extracts and 5% residue of Nostoc commune respectively. The lipid components of serum were assayed. The concentration of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in PNC, ONC than the control. The concentration of the total cholesterol was significantly lower in PNC, ONC than the control. The concentration of HDL-choloesterol was significantly higher in PNC than the control. The concentration of LDL, VLDL and chylomicron were comparatively lower in CF and PNC. The concentration of seum triglyceride and phospholipid was lower in PNC group than in the other group.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권9호
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• pp.1212-1220
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• 2013

Because the cholesterol oxidase from Brevibacterium sp. M201008 was not as stable as the free enzyme form, it had been covalently immobilized onto chemically modified Sepharose particles via N-ethyl-N'-3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide. The optimum immobilization conditions were determined, and the immobilized enzyme activity obtained was 12.01 U/g Sepharose-ethylenediamine. The immobilization of the enzyme was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The immobilized enzyme exhibited the maximal activity at $35^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, which was unchanged compared with the free form. After being repeatedly used 20 times, the immobilized enzyme retained more than 40.43% of its original activity. The immobilized enzyme showed better operational stability, including wider thermal and pH ranges, and retained 62.87% activity after 20 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, which was longer than the free enzyme.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2004

돌복숭아(Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max.)의 생리 활성 추출 물질이 생체내 지질 대사 이상 및 각종 질환의 예방과 개선효과 등에 많은 생리적 효능이 있을 것으로 판단되어 실험동물을 통한 혈청 지질개선 작용과 간 기능 효소의 활성 변동등을 구명하기 위해 Sprague Dawley계 숫 흰쥐에 기본 식이만을 급여한 대조군과 돼지 기름, 콜레스테롤 등으로 유발된 고지혈증 군, 고지혈증을 유발한 군에 돌복숭아 5.0 g% 추출액을 각각 급여하여 5주간 실험 사육한 결과, 혈청 총콜레스테롤 농도, 동맥 경화 지수, low density lipoprotein (LDL) 및 LDL-콜레스테롤, 유리 콜레스테롤, 콜레스테롤 에스테르 비, 중성지방, 인지질 농도 및 혈당 농도 등에서 돌복숭아 추출액을 급여하므로서 유의성 있는 농도감소를 나타내었으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도 및 총콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레스테롤의 비는 상승되는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, AST, ALT, LDH 및 ALP활성도 고지혈증 유발군에 돌복숭아 추출액을 급여함으로써 유의적으로 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 돌복숭아의 추출액이 지질 대사이상 등에서 모는 각종 성인병의 예방 및 치료 개선 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2001

결명자의 에탄올 추출물이 고콜레스테롤 식이를 섭취한 횐쥐의 체내 지질함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 정상식이군, 고콜레스테롤 대조군, 고콜레스테롤 식이에 결명자 에탄올 추출물을 각각 0.25%와 0.5%씩 첨가하여 공급하는 실험군으로 나누어 4주간 사육한 후 혈청 및 간장의 지질 함량, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase와 malic enzyme 활성변화, 혈청 AST, ALT활성 및 지질과산화물의 함량의 변화를 조사하였다. 체중증가량과 식이섭취량은 추출물을 공급한 실험군에서 높았으나, 식이효율은 각 군간 차이가 없었다. 결명자 추출물군의 혈청 총콜레스테롤, 유리콜레스테롤, 중성지방 및 유리지방산 함량은 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향이었다. 간장중의 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방의 함량은 고콜레스테롤 식이에 의하여 유의하게 증가하였으나 결명자 추출물을 첨가함으로서 증가된 간장 지질함량은 유의하게 감소하였다. 간장의 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase와 magic enzyme 활성 을 측정한 결과, 결명자 추출물군에서는 대조군에 비하여 활성이 유의하게 감소하였으며, 추 출물의 첨가농도가 높을수록 현저하였다. ALT, AST 활성 역시 결명자 추출물군은 고콜레스테롤 대조군에 비하여 감소하는 경향이었고, 간장 조직중의 지질과산화물 함량도 결명자 추출물을 첨가함에 따라 통계적 유의차는 없었으나 감소하는 경향이었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.323-335
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• 1994

The present study was carried out in normocholesterolemic New Zealand white(NZW) rabbit, to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Korean pinenut oil, on plasma lipids, plasma lipoproteins, liver lipids and platelet aggregation. NZW rabbits were fed for 80 days on a commercial chow diet supplemented with 5% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil) or 10% of energy as fats(soybean oil or pinenut oil). A control group was fed a commercial stock diet. There were no significant effects of pinenut oil on plasma free cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, as compared with those obtained from rabbits fed the soybean oil diet. After 80 days, the concentration of plasma free fatty acid in only the pinenut oil group was significantly decreased by about 50% relative to the control diet. At the end of the dietary treatment, liver triglycerides and phospholipids were significantly decreased in the pinenut oil group, compared to the how diet, whereas the soybean oil-consuming rabbits had only significantly decreased phospholipid levels. Cholesterol contents of liver were unaffected by type of dietary fat. At the end of 80 days, a diet containing pinenut oil resulted in a decrease in apolipoprotein B and the apo B/apo AI ratio as compared with the stock diet or soybean oil diet. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen or arachidonic acid was depressed significantily in pinenut oil diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.713-728
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• 2002

This study was performed to see effects of whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intakes on lipid metabolism during aging in old Sprague-Dawely male rats. One hundred twenty rats of 13 months old Sprague-Dawely were blocked into eight groups according to body weight and raised for 3, 5 or 7 months with diets containing 2% (w/w) dried powders of three different pars of grape and 0.02% (w/w) CdCl₂. Body weights of Cd groups were lower than Cd free groups. Kidney and spleen weights were incre ased with age, and EEP weights of Cd groups were lower than those of Cd free groups. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration in plasma increased with age. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake lowered plasma total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and especially grape pomace lowered them markedly. Whole grape, grape pomace or grape juice intake decreased liver total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations and increased fecal lipid excretion. Grape diets decreased and Cd administration increased TBARS concentration in LDL fraction. In conclusion, grape diets were effective in decreasing lipid levels of liver and plasma, TBARS in LDL, and in increasing HDL cholesterol. The grape pomace was most effective among three grape parts. It is plausible that grape might be recommended for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease and delaying aging. (Korean J Nutrition 35 (7): 713∼728, 2002)

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid components and enzyme activities in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced hyperglycemic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglycerides(TG) and phospholipids(PL) in serum were remarkably higher in the hyperglycemic group(group BSW) and STZ(I.P.)+chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation group(group ECW) than those in the control group(group BW, basal diet+water). However the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, tree cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were lower in the ECW group than in the BSW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the ECW group were higher than in the BSW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and aminotransferase(AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the ECW group than in the hyperglycemic BSW group. The results shown above suggested that chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation effectively improves blood glucose, lipid composition and enzyme activities in the sera of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.185-202
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• 2004

In order to study the effects of Ojuck-san on hyperlipidemia, we divided the rats into three groups(normal group, control group & sample group) and performed the experimental research. Hyperlipidemia rats were induced by oral for 14days. The sample group was administerd the extract of Ojuck-san for 14 days and control group was administerd equal dose of oral. And then we measured the amount of serum Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, Phospholipid, Cholinesterase and Cardiac risk factor. The results were as follows : 1. Ojuck-san showed decreasing effects on Total cholesterol, Triglyceride, LDL -cholesterol, and Phospholipid level in serum significantly(p<0.001). 2. Ojuck-san showed increasing effects on HDL-cholesterol level and Cholinesterase in serum significantly(p<0.05). 3. Ojuck-san showed decreasing effects on Cardiac risk factor in serum significantly.(p<0.001). According to the above results, Ojuck-san showed significant decreasing effects on hyperlipidemia, and it is considered that it is appropriate to apply for hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2007

The backbone structure of ginsenosides, active ingredients of Panax ginseng, is similar with that of sterol, especially cholesterol. Caenorhabditis elegans (c. elegans) is one of free living nematodes and is well-established animal model for biochemical and genetic studies. C. elegans cannot synthesize de novo cholesterol, although cholesterol is essential requirement for its growth and development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng total extract (KRGE), ginseng total saponins (GTS) on life span of C. elegans in cholesterol-deprived and -fed medium. Cholesterol deprivation caused damages on life span of worms throughout F1 to F3 generations. KRGE or GTS supplement to cholesterol-deprived medium restored the life span of worms as much as cholesterol alone-fed medium. In study to identify which ginsenosides are responsible for life span restoring effects of KRGE, we found that ginsenoside Rc supplement not only restored life span of worms grown in cholesterol-deprived medium but also prolonged life span of worms grown in cholesterol-fed medium. These results show a possibility that ginsenosides could be utilized by C. elegans as a sterol substitute and further indicate that ginsenoside Rc is the effective component of Korean red ginseng that prolongs the life span of C. elegans.