• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.190-193
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• 2001

Background and Objectives: Reliable and versatile free flap has become a mainstay in reconstruction of the head and neck. But until now pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (PMMCF) as workhorse is useful and has some advantages such as good viability, one-stage reconstruction and carotid protection. The objective of this study was to review the role and indication of PMMCF in this era of potent free flaps for head and neck reconstruction. Patients and Methods: Sixty one PMMCF and one hundred forty six free flaps used for head and neck reconstruction between 1991 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the applied sites of flap, the flap failure rate and complications. Results: Contrary to the free flap, use of PMMCF has gradually decreased after the middle of 1990s. PMMCF were mainly used for mucosal defect(33cases, 54.1%) and cervical skin defect(22cases, 36.1%) and free flap were mainly used for mucosal defect(129cases, 88.4%). In point of use of PMMCF according to years, from 1991 to 1997, 30cases(70%) are used to reconstruct mucosal defect and 12cases(29%) are used to reconstruct skin defect. But from 1998 to 2001, only 2cases(10.5%) are used to reconstruct mucosal defect and 13cases(68.4%) are used to reconstruct neck skin defect. In case of free flap, from 1991 to 1997, 41cases (87%) are used to reconstruct mucosal defect and from 1998 to 2001 88cases(89%) are used as same purpose. Three major necrosis (more than 50%) deveolped in 61 PMMCF (4.9%) and three major necrosis developed in 146 free flaps(2.1%). Conclusion: PMMCF is no longer flap of choice for primary reconstruction but it is a still one of a good tool in some head and neck reconstruction such as covering single wide defect of face or neck skin, back-up procedure of free flap, postoperative status, treatment of pharyngocutaneous fistula and covering vital structure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.584-591
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• 2012

To evaluate the role of using forage, shade and shelterbelts in attracting birds into the range, three trials were undertaken with free range layers both on a research facility and on commercial farms. Each of the trials on the free range research facility in South Australia used a total of 120 laying hens (Hyline Brown). Birds were housed in an eco-shelter which had 6 internal pens of equal size with a free range area adjoining the shelter. The on-farm trials were undertaken on commercial free range layer farms in the Darling Downs in Southeast Queensland with bird numbers on farms ranging from 2,000-6,800 hens. The first research trial examined the role of shaded areas in the range; the second trial examined the role of forage and the third trial examined the influence of shelterbelts in the range. These treatments were compared to a free range area with no enrichment. Aggressive feather pecking was only observed on a few occasions in all of the trials due to the low bird numbers housed. Enriching the free range environment attracted more birds into the range. Shaded areas were used by 18% of the hens with a tendency (p = 0.07) for more hens to be in the paddock. When forage was provided in paddocks more control birds (55%) were observed in the range in morning than in the afternoon (30%) while for the forage treatments 45% of the birds were in the range both during the morning and afternoon. When shelterbelts were provided there was a significantly (p<0.05) higher % of birds in the range (43% vs. 24%) and greater numbers of birds were observed in areas further away from the poultry house. The results from the on-farm trials mirrored the research trials. Overall 3 times more hens used the shaded areas than the non shaded areas, with slightly more using the shade in the morning than in the afternoon. As the environmental temperature increased the number of birds using the outdoor shade also increased. Overall 17 times more hens used the shelterbelt areas than the control areas, with slightly more using the shelterbelts in the afternoon than in the morning. Approximately 17 times more birds used the forage areas compared to the control area in the corresponding range. There were 8 times more birds using a hay bale enriched area compared to the area with no hay bales. The use of forage sources (including hay bales) were the most successful method on-farm to attract birds into the range followed by shelterbelts and artificial shade. Free range egg farmers are encouraged to provide pasture, shaded areas and shelterbelts to attract birds into the free range.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2016

Recently, Open Course Ware service area which offers free lecture materials has been steadily growing. This change comes from a paradigm shift of education service caused by the progress of ICT and a role change of consumers. Knowledge creation from higher educational institutions is slow compared to change of society. Therefore, consumers escape from one-sided education, and perform a new role of knowledge generation. Nevertheless, there is not much of academic research of Open Course Ware. Consequently, the paper is dedicated to empirical study on effect of perceived value, information system quality and brand trust on intention to continuous use. As implications for the research, as a practical point of view, the results-an economic side that offers contents for free of charge, a contents side that is fresh, various and substantial, a systematic side that makes customers to use the system easily, a service side which takes charge of customers support and brand trust affect satisfaction and intention to continuous use - can be used for establishment of executive strategies.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.306-317
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• 2016

비정형형태 생성을 위한 디지털디자인도구의 활용은 작업자의 능력에 따라 극히 주관적으로 활용되기 때문에, 공통적으로 활용될 수 있는 규칙의 설정을 통해 프로토타입 으로서 비정형 생성방법의 설정을 제시하고, 보다 효과적인 비정형 디자인 형태생성방법을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구는 비정형 형태의 일반적 이론이 아닌 Concept발의-전개 단계에서 Mass구성 및 표현을 위한 비정형형태생성을 위한 디지털디자인도구의 활용 위주로 진행한다. 현대건축의 비정형적 형태는 디지털디자인도구와 디자인개념의 변화에서 시작된다. 선행연구를 통한 비정형적 작품을 사례를 바탕으로, 이를 분석하여 나타나는 형태적 특성을 디지털디자인도구의 언어를 중심으로 해석하고, 디지털디자인도구의 Geometry 변형을 통해 비정형 형태를 구현하는 기법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Purpose - This study's purpose is to investigate the market structure of the Korean duty free shop industry that has received recent attention from researchers and practitioners. By raising the question of whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is unequivocally monopolistic, a wider viewpoint is provided. The study seeks to offer insights and managerial implications for marketers and policy makers who are in charge of regulating major Korean duty free shops. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors use secondary data from various sources, including Korea Customs Service and the Moodie Report, to investigate the structure of the duty free shop industry of Korea. Based on several theories, they present various criteria and statistical evidence such as K-firm concentration ratio, HHI, consumer substitutability, excess profit, and marketing costs. Results - In terms of consumer substitutability, it is difficult to confirm whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is monopolistic. Notwithstanding monopoly characteristics in terms of market share, neither the company Lotte nor Shilla appear to have market dominating power. It is not easy for either of them to control prices or to achieve a much lower operational profit ratio due to a dominant bargaining power. Moreover, the license is not an economic rent. In this situation, it is not easy for these companies to obtain an excessive profit. Conclusions - Considering that most global duty free shops are trying to go upscale to improve bargaining power, it does not seem likely that rigid regulations are needed in the industry. Even though the Korean duty free industry ostensibly has a monopolistic structure, government and policy-makers should look beyond the surface. They should take global and other reasonable criteria into consideration when they establish or change regulation policies. Thorough understanding and appropriate support are needed for the Korean duty free shop industry. Additionally, duty free shops should position themselves as global companies struggling against unlimited international competition, rather than Korean domestic companies. At the same time, they need to give customers appropriate information about the benefits they provide.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2007

RoHS, WEEE 등에서의 각종 환경문제에 대한 제약으로 Pb의 사용에 대한 규제가 점차 증가 하고 있다. 따라서 무연 솔더에 대한 관심이 증폭되고 있으며, 마이크로 전자공학 산업에서 무연 솔더를 사용하기 위해서는 여러 가지 새로운 신뢰성 평가기준을 요구한다. 예를 들어 높은 온도공정을 만족하는 패키지, 새로운 솔더가 야기하는 복잡한 기계적 고장, 그리고 제품 수명을 최대한 유지시켜 줄 수 있는 무연 솔더 소재의 선택을 포함한다. 본 연구에서는 국내산 솔더바 소재를 사용하여 접합부의 기계적 특성 및 젖음성, 퍼짐성 등의 품질평가 방법을 해외규격과 비교하여 시험하고 새로운 평가기준을 찾고자 하였다. 젖음성 및 퍼짐성 시험 결과 Sn-0.7Cu 무연 솔더 소재는 평가기준을 충분히 만족하였다. 또한 이 소재를 사용한 솔더 접합부의 전단시험 결과, 열충격 및 고온방치 시험 후에도 솔더링 상태의 초기강도와 비교하여 접합부의 전단강도가 크게 저하하지 않은 상태에서 기준치를 크게 상회하였다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2010

Purpose: To report the clinical results of the use of arterialized venous free flaps in reconstruction in soft tissue defects of the finger and to extend indications for the use of such flaps based on the clinical experiences of the authors. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients who underwent arterialized venous free flaps for finger reconstruction, between May 2007 and July 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean flap size was 4.7${\times}3.2$ cm. The donor site was the ipsilateral volar aspect of the distal forearm in all cases. There were 8 cases of venous skin flaps, 5 cases of neurocutaneous flaps, 4 cases of tendocutaneous flaps, 1 case of innervated tendocutaneous flap. The vascuality of recipient beds was good except in 4 cases (partial devascuality in 2, more than 50% avascuality (bone cement) in 2). Results: All flaps were survived. The mean number of included veins was 2.27 per flap. Mean static two-point discrimination was 10.5 mm in neurocutaneous flaps. In 3 of 5 cases where tendocutaneous flaps were used, active ROM at the PIP joint was 60 degrees, 30 degrees at the DIP joint and 40 degrees at the IP joint of thumb. There were no specific complications except partial necrosis in 3 cases. Conclusions: An arterialized venous free flap is a useful procedure for single-stage reconstruction in soft tissue or combined defect of the finger; we consider that this technique could be applied to fingers despite avascular recipient beds if the periphery of recipient bed vascularity is good.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Purpose: Caring for weak person in society, which increases the population of the elderly and people with disabilities is essential. By increasing along with the increase of the use of passenger facilities for travelers and pedestrian is increasing the demand for convenient and secure facilities for everyone. The emerging importance of the passenger-related facilities, but a representative study of the bus terminal facilities is lacking. Bus terminals are the most popular passenger facility. Thus, the bus terminal can be conveniently used by anyone in everyday life, however, the applied elements considering the use of the transportation Poor are not sufficient. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate BF certification standards targeting bus terminals across the country to determine the availability of the transportation Poor in bus terminal. Result: As a result of the bus Terminal possibility BF certified it appeared to be very low. Also, items received the lowest rating of each item was evaluated in the informative facilities and items. Bus terminal is a facility used by the unspecified individuals, the proportion of first-time user is high, but there is a lack of consideration for the transportation Poor bus terminals. Implications: In the future, this study can guide the next research on the application of BF certification standards in bus terminal. Further studies can be presented to the improvement of the BF certification indicator in bus terminal.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.118-122
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 연속확산식 무세포 단백질 발현 시스템을 이용한 이황화결합 함유 단백질의 생산 시, 발현된 단백질의 응집으로 인한 비활성화의 문제점이 분파샤페론을 통한 발현 단백질의 용해도 증가, 세포 파쇄액의 화학적 처리를 통한 환원활성 제거, 산화환원완충액을 이용한 적절한 산화환원전위의 제공 등을 통해 단백질의 폴딩에 유리한 반응조건을 구축함으로써 해결될 수 있음을 보였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 각종 게놈 시퀀싱 프로젝트의 빠른 진척에 따라 현재 요구되고 있는 고속, 고효율의 단백질 발현 수단으로써 무세포 단백질 발현 시스템이 적용될 수 있는 가능성을 높여 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2002

This investigation compared the eyewitness accounts of 5-year-old children by verbal-only inter views and interviews using anatomically neutral dolls. The verbal interviews consisted of free recall, specific question, and leading questions. While the overall accuracy of the interviews increased with the introduction of dolls as memory aids, the efficacy of the dolls was not uniform across types of interviews. In free recall, the dolls were not effective in eliciting accurate accounts. The use of dolls also did not compromise the memory of children in free recall which recalled greater number of correct details with the memory aids than without, but it should be careful in free recall could be reported exactly correct in spite of little bit amounts. Responses to leading questions showed that the children were affected by suggestive misleading question and were susceptible to incorporation of that information into their memory.