• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1981

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the measurement of free thyroxine (FT4) by radioimmunoassay, we measured free $T_4\;and\;T_4,\;T_3,\;T_3RU$, TSH and TBG serum levels by radioimmunoassay in 18 healthy persons and 52 patients with various thyroid diseases and 11 normal pregnant women. The results are as follows. 1. In 19 cases of overt hyperthyroidism, $T_3,\;free\;T_4$ and FTI, $T_4/TBG$ ratio reflect hyperfunction in all cases. $T_4$ is increased in 94% (18/19) and TBG and TSH are decreased in 79% (15/19). 2. In 8 patients with overt hypothyroidism, TSH is increased in all cases and free $T_4$ and FTI is decreased in all cases. $T_4$ is decreased in 87.5% (7/8), $T_3$ is decreased in 75% (6/8) and $T_4/TBG$ ratio is decreased in 62.5% (5/8). 3. In 5 patients who are clinically in euthyroid state after treatment of hyperthyroidism, $T_4,\;free\;T_4$, FTI and TSH are in the normal range in all cases and $T_3$ is normal in 60% (3/5) and slightly increased in 40% (2/5). 4. In 10 patients who showed clinically borderline hypothyroidism after treatment of hyperthyroidism, TSH is increased in all cases and free $T_4$ and FTI are decreased in all cases, but $T_4\;and\;T_3,\;T_4/TBG$ ratio are in the normal limit in all cases. So after treatment of hyperthyroidism, TSH, free $T_4$ or FTI are recommended as optimal thyroid function test. 5. In normal pregnancy, free $T_4$, FTI and $T_4/TBG$ ratio reflect normal function, but the other parameters revealed unreliable due to the influence of increased TBG. Also TBG and TSH level in pregnancy is increased significantly compared with normal healthy control group. 6. The coefficients of correlation between free $T_4$ and FTI were 0.862 (p<0.001) and 0.685 (p<0.001) between free $T_4\;and\;T_4/TBG$ ratio. In most patients, diagnostic value of free $T_4$ was comparable and even superior to FTI, so free $T_4$ measurement can be used routinely with thyrotropin assay in the diagnosis of hypothyrodism or with $T_3$ for the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1980

In an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic significance of the serum thyroid hormones in various thyroid function states, the author measured serum $T_3$ uptake, serum $T_3$, serum $T_4$, serum free $T_4$ and free $T_3$ index in 27 cases of normal subjects, 11 cases of hypothyroidism, 152 cases of euthyroidism and 81 cases of hyperthyroidism by the radioimmunoassay method. The results were as follows: 1. The ranges of serum thyroid hormones in normal subjects were, serum $T_3$ uptake; $27.4{\sim}42.1%$, serum $T_3;\;93{\sim}245ng/dl$, serum $T_4;\;4.08{\sim}12.9ug/dl$ and serum free $T_4;\;0.57{\sim}1.53ng/dl(M{\pm}2S.D.)$. 2. Free $T_4$ index and serum $T_4$ show relatively high diagnostic value in euthyroidism group, and serum $T_3\;and\;T_4$ in hypothyroidism group, while serum $T_3$, free $T_4\;and\;T_4$ show relatively high diagnostic value in hyperthyroidism group. 3. There were significant correlation between free $T_4$ index and serum $T_4$(r=0.68), and between free $T_4$ index and serum free $T_4$(r=0.67) in hyperthyroidism group.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.113-117
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• 1985

The present study was undertaken to examine serum concentration of free $T_3,\;T_4$, in various functional states of the thyroid by Amerlex RIA kit method, which uses unidentified $T_3,\;T_4-labelled$ analogues, said to be unreactive with $T_3,\;T_4-binding$ proteins in serum, together with an antibody that binds both analogue and $T_3,\;T_4$. The test method has been compared with free $T_4$ index, which was product of total serum thyroxine and $T_3$ resin uptake ratio. Free $T_4$ value by this method was found to have a highly significant positive correlation with a free $T_4$ index (r; 0.957, p<0.005) and total $T_4$ (r:0.89, p<0.005) also, it was similar to other free $T_4$ measuring methods previously reported. So, it was showen to have the clinical utility as the screening test for thyroid function because it was a rapid; convinient, and reliable method for quantifying the free $T_4,\;T_3$ concentration in various thyroidal functional states.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.193-212
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• 1992

Comparative hormones quantities on the blood analysis was carried out to investigate the hormones specific characters on the blood in four types of physical constitution. Thyroid-stimulating (TSH), triiodothyronine($T_3$), triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake), free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$), thyroxine($T_4$), free thyroxine (free $T_4$), thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG), adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH), luteinizing hormone(LH), testosterone were measured. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The value of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of So-EUM-IN was increased and SO-YANG-IN was decreased. 2. The value of triiodothyronine($T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN was decreased. 3. The value of triiodothyronine uptake($T_3$ uptake) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 4. The value of free triiodothyronine(free $T_3$) on the constitution didn't shown signifcant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-In, TAE-EUM-In and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 5. The value of thyroxine($T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, while the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed difference. 6. The value of free thyroxine(free $T_4$) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 7. The value of thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 8. The value of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference. 9. The value of luteinizing hormone(LH) on the constitution didn't shown significant difference, but between the value of TAE-EUM-IN and SO-EUM-IN, TAE-EUM-IN and SO-YANG-IN showed significant difference. 10. The value of testosterone on the constitution didn't shown significant difference.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2007년도 제29회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.267-270
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• 2007

한국항공우주연구원은 호주 University of Queensland(UQ)와 2006년 10월 스크램제트 엔진 성능시험 계약을 체결하고, 2007년 6월 UQ의 T4 Free Piston shock tunnel에서 마하 7.6, 고도 31.2 km 조건에서 스크램제트 엔진의 지상 성능시험을 수행하였다. 본 논문에는 T4 충격파 터널의 구조 및 데이터 취득 기법에 대하여 정리하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.59-61
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• 1982

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the ratio of serum tyroxine$(T_4)$/thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) for the thyroid status in pregnancy and newborn serum thyroxine, TBG, triiodothyronine, and free thyroxine levels were radioimmunoassayed in normal pregnant women at each of the trimesters, and the calculated serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios were compared with other parameters such as $T_3/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio and free $T_4/TBG$ ratio. Serum $T_4$ levels were elevated with the propotionate increase in TBG levels during pregnancy, leading to the nearly constant value of serum $T_4/TBG$ ratios as in normal non-pregnant controls. In contrast, serum $T_3/TBG$ and free $T_4/TBG$ ratios varied considerably during pregnancy. In newborn, $T_4$ levels were nearly not changed with compared non-pregnant control value and TBG levels were elevated. The results indicate that serum $T_4/TBG$ ratio is a better parameter than others in evaluating the thyroid status during pregnancy and but newborn is a no better.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2005

In order to study comparatively the effects of "Palmisoyo-San gamibang(八味消遙散加味方)"(AP), "Gyebu-Tang(桂附湯)"(GT) and "Boganyangje(補肝陽劑)" (BG) on the thyrotoxicosis rats, we have made thyrotoxicosis rat model by administration sodium levothyroxine p.o. during 4 days(Control group), and have administered solid extract of AP(236.8mg/200g/day : Sample I group), GT(80mg/200g/day : Sample II group) and BG(70.4mg/200g/day : Sample III group) p.o. to thyrotoxicosis rats during 3 days from 3rd day. We measured the body weight(BW), body temperature(BT), levels of Serum $T_3{\cdot}T_4{\cdot}free\;T_3{\cdot}free\;T_4$ and TSH after administrating solid extract of AP, GT and BG. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Sample I group showed significantly high increasing rate compared with Control, Sample II and Sample III group, but it showed significantly lower levels of BT, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ than those of Control, Sample II and Sample III. group. 2. We could know that AP suppress the alteration of $T_4$ to $T_3$. 3. Sample II and Sample III group showed opposite results to Sample I group in the BW., BT, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ Especially Sample III was significantly higher than Control, Sample I and Sample II, so we could guess that BG stimulates the formation of thyroid hormones. According to the above experimental results, "Palmisoyo-San\;gamibang(八味消遙散加味方)" is assumed to have a curative effect against the thyrotoxicosis rat induced by sodium levothyroxine, and to suppress the alteration of $T_4$ to $T_3$. And we can suppose that "Boganyangje(補肝陽劑)" has a curative effect against the hypothyroidism.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권3호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2019

Purpose: We compared thyroid hormone profiles in children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) during the nephrotic phase and after remission. Methods: This study included 31 pediatric NS patients. The thyroid hormone profiles included serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and free T4. Results: Of the 31 patients, 16 (51.6%) showed abnormal thyroid hormone profiles: 6 had overt hypothyroidism, 8 had subclinical hypothyroidism, and 2 had low T3 syndrome. The mean serum T3, T4, and free T4 levels in the nephrotic phase and after remission were $82.37{\pm}23.64$ and $117.88{\pm}29.49ng/dL$, $5.47{\pm}1.14$ and $7.91{\pm}1.56{\mu}g/dL$, and $1.02{\pm}0.26$ and $1.38{\pm}0.23ng/dL$, respectively; the levels were significantly lower in the NS nephrotic phase (P=0.0007, P<0.0001, and P=0.0002). The mean serum TSH levels during the nephrotic phase and after remission were $8.05{\pm}3.53$ and $4.08{\pm}2.05{\mu}IU/mL$, respectively; they were significantly higher in the nephrotic phase (P=0.0005). The urinary protein/creatinine ratio during the nephrotic phase was significantly correlated with serum T3, T4, and free T4 levels (r=-0.5995, P=0.0032; r=-0.5797, P=0.0047; r=-0.5513, P=0.0078) as well as with TSH levels (r=0.5022, P=0.0172). A significant correlation was found between serum albumin and serum T3 levels during the nephrotic phase (r=0.5385, P=0.0018) but not between serum albumin and T4, TSH, or free T4 levels. These significant correlations all disappeared after remission. Conclusion: Abnormal thyroid hormone profile findings were observed in 51.6% of pediatric patients with NS. Thyroid hormone levels normalized after remission, regardless of levothyroxine therapy.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1981

갑상선(甲狀線) hormone인, $T_4,\;T_3$, 및 유리(遊離) $T_4$치(値)를 임신3분기별(姙娠3分期別), 분만직후(分娩直後), 그리고 신생아(新生兒)의 제대혈(臍帶血)에서 측정(測定)(RIA)한 결과 다음과 같은 성적(成績)을 얻었다. 1) 임신중(姙娠中) 혈청(血淸) $T_4$치(値)는 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 높았으며 분만직후(分娩直後)에는 약간(若干) 높았으나 신생아(新生兒)에서는 정상(正常)이었다. 2) 혈청(血淸) $T_3$치(値)는 임신중(姙娠中)에 정상범위(正常範圍)였으나, 분만직후(分娩直後)에 정상(正常)의 2배이상(2倍以上) 상승(上昇)했으며 신생아(新生兒)에서는 정상대조군(正常對照群)에 비(比)하여 저하(低下)되었다. 3) 혈청유리(血淸遊離) $T_4$치(値)는 임신중기(姙娠中期)와 말기(末期)에서 유의(有意)하게 저하(低下)되었고 분만직후(分娩直後)나 신생아(新生兒)에서는 정상(正常)이었다. 따라서 여러 학자(學者)들이 보고(報告)한 바와 같이 갑상선중독증환자(甲狀線中毒症患者)가 임신(姙娠)이 된다면 중독증상(中毒症狀)이 개선(改善)된다는 사실(事實)을 저자(著者)들은 유효(有效) hormone인 $T_3$의 저정상범위(低正常範圍)에 머무는 것과 유리(遊離) $T_4$가 저하(低下)되는 것으로 설명(說明)될 가능성(可能性)을 제시(提示)하는 바이다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2006

Objectives : It is demonstrated that oxygen free radicals have cytotoxic effect on NIH3T3 fibroblast cells. Recently, many of herb extracts have an effect of antioxidant in oxygen free radical-induced cytotoxicity. But, the toxic mechanism of oxygen free radical is left unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) and antioxidant effect of Citri reticulatae pericarpium (CRP) on NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods : The cytotoxicy was measured by cell viability by XTT assay in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. XTT assay is regarded as a very sensitive screening method for the determination of the cell viability on various chemicals. Results : In this study, H2O2 decreased cell viability according to the dose- and time dependent manners after NIH3T3 fibroblasts were treated with various concentrations of H2O2 for 4 hours. And also, CRP showed the effect of antioxidant on $H_2O_2-induced $ cytotoxicity in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Conclusion : These results suggest that $H_2O_2$ has highly cytotoxic effect on cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts by the decrease of cell viavility, and the herb extract such as CRP was showed the effect of antioxidant on $H_2O_2-induced$ cytotoxicity in these cultures.