• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2024

Dynamic equilibrium equations for finite element analysis were derived for the free field one-dimensional shear wave propagation through the horizontally layered soil deposits with the elastic half-space. We expressed Rayleigh's viscous damping consisting of mass and stiffness proportional terms. We considered two cases where damping matrices are defined in the total and relative displacement fields. Two forms of equilibrium equations are presented; one in terms of total motions and the other in terms of relative motions. To evaluate the performance of new equilibrium equations, we conducted two sets of site response analyses and directly compared them with the exact closed-form frequency domain solution. Results show that the base shear force as earthquake load represents the simpler form of equilibrium equation to be used for the finite element method. Conventional finite element procedure using base acceleration as earthquake load predicts exact solution reasonably well even in soil deposits with unrealistically high damping.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.143-155
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• 2022

In this study, the response acceleration amplification according to different conditions was analyzed by changing the boundary condition of the soil called LSB (Laminar Shear Box), which is placed on a 1 g shaking table for earthquake simulation experiments. Experiments were carried out with different boundary conditions by fixing both sides of the LSB, and two samples were tested by installing an accelerometer at the same location. In addition, using DEEPSOIL v7 program, a one-dimensional ground response analysis was performed to compare and analyze with the free field condition. As a result, it was confirmed that the acceleration was amplified as it went from the lower layer to the upper layer, and as a result of comparing it with the ground response analysis, it was confirmed that it appeared similar to the analysis under the free field condition. As a result of the SA (Spectrum acceleration) analysis, a result similar to that of the ground response analysis was obtained, and in the case of fixing, it was confirmed that the PSA (Peak Spectral Acceleration) was further amplified.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.18-21
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• 1992

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue, caused by frequent manual lifting, on lifting velocity and lifting acceleration. Ten male volunteers performed lifting at a rate of 4 times per minute, continuously, for two hours using the free-style posture. A box $(30cm{\times}30cm{\times}20cm)$ with a fixed weight (15.9kg) was used as the load for lifting. Heart rate, oxygen consumption, and EMG were also measured to estimate the level of fatigue. The posture as well as acceleration was recorded. The results show that the lifting acceleration at the end of two hour increased significantly (20%, p<0.001) compared to the accleration after fifteen minutes of lifting. It was also found that subjects changed their lifting postures as the result of fatigue. All subjects also indicated pain in their upper legs and the lower back at the conclusion of the experiment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

This paper proposes the method of exactly identifying both viscous and friction damping from free vibration response to SDOF structure. Both displacement and acceleration free vibration responses to SDOF system, in which both viscous and friction damping are considered as its damping mechanism, are discussed to verify the proposed method. The relationship for identifying both viscous and friction damping is derived from two consecutive amplitudes of displacement or acceleration peak response. The proposed method is verified through the numerical simulation for an assumed SDOF system consisting of mass, both viscous and friction damping and spring components.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.229-237
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• 2007

In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based damage detection algorithm using acceleration signals is developed for real-time alarming locations of damage in beam-type structures. A new ANN-algorithm using output-only acceleration responses is designed tot damage detection in real time. The cross-covariance of two acceleration-signals measured at two different locations is selected as the feature representing the structural condition. Neural networks are trained lot potential loading Patterns and damage scenarios of the target structure for which its actual loadings are unknown. The feasibility and practicality of the proposed method are evaluated from laboratory-model tests on free-free beams for which accelerations were measured before and after several damage cases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.847-864
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• 1988

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the local velocity acceleration in a boundary layer diffusion flame over a flat plate. In order to know the effect of separation on the local velocity acceleration, two typical cases, flows with and without separation, are considered. For these cases, flow visualization using paraffine smoke tracers has been made. Mean velocity and r.m.s. value of fluctuating velocity are measured by using a laser Doppler velocimeter. In addition, measurements of time-mean concentration and time-mean temperature have been made. Time-mean density profiles have been obtained from the data of concentration and temperature. The obtained results are summarized as follows : (1) In the case without separation, the local velocity acceleration is clearly observed near the visible flame zone for all flow conditions. On the while, in the case with serration, the local velocity acceleration is observed only at low free stream velocity and high fuel injection velocity. As increasing the free stream velocity or decreasing the fuel injection velocity, it is not distinctly observed in the mean velocity profile. (2) The r.m.s. value of fluctuating velocity is significantly decreased by combustion in the case with separation. But in the case without separation, the r.m.s. value is increased near the visible flame zone in comparison with cold flow. In both cases, the peak value of r.m.s. appeared just at the visible flame zone, where the mean velocity gradient is not too high.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2554-2557
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• 2008

Effect of a particle's spin is investigated numerically by considering the effect of lift occurring due to difference of rotations of a particle and of fluid such as the Saffman lift and Magnus force. These lift forces have been neglected in many previous works on particle-laden turbulence. The trajectory of particles can be changed by the lift forces, resulting in significant modification of the stochastic characteristics of heavy particles. Probability density functions and autocorrelations are examined of velocity, acceleration of solid particle and acceleration of fluid at the position of solid particle. Changes in velocity statistics are negligible but statistics related with acceleration are a little bit changed by particle's rotation. When a laden particle encounters with coherent structures during the motion, the particle's rotation might significantly affects the motion due to intermittently large fluid acceleration near coherent structures.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.55-60
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• 2012

An free-fall object is received only force of gravity. Movement that only accept gravity is free-fall movement, and a free-falling object is free falling body. In other words, free falling body is only freely falling objects under the influence of gravity, regardless of the initial state of objects movement. In this paper, we assume, ignoring the resistance of the air, and the free-fall acceleration by the height does not change within the range of the short distance in the vertical direction. Under these assumptions, we can know about time and maximum height to reach the peak point from jumping vertically upward direction, time and speed of the car return to the starting position, and time and speed when the car fall to the ground. It can be measured by jumping degree and risk of accident from car or motorcycle in telematics.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.513-528
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• 2013

A floating Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy converter, a Backward Bent Duct Buoy (BBDB), was simulated using a state-of-the-art, two-dimensional, fully-nonlinear Numerical Wave Tank (NWT) technique. The hydrodynamic performance of the floating OWC device was evaluated in the time domain. The acceleration potential method, with a full-updated kernel matrix calculation associated with a mode decomposition scheme, was implemented to obtain accurate estimates of the hydrodynamic force and displacement of a freely floating BBDB. The developed NWT was based on the potential theory and the boundary element method with constant panels on the boundaries. The mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian (MEL) approach was employed to capture the nonlinear free surfaces inside the chamber that interacted with a pneumatic pressure, induced by the time-varying airflow velocity at the air duct. A special viscous damping was applied to the chamber free surface to represent the viscous energy loss due to the BBDB's shape and motions. The viscous damping coefficient was properly selected using a comparison of the experimental data. The calculated surface elevation, inside and outside the chamber, with a tuned viscous damping correlated reasonably well with the experimental data for various incident wave conditions. The conservation of the total wave energy in the computational domain was confirmed over the entire range of wave frequencies.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2021

This paper presents a longitudinal acceleration controller that can be applied to real vehicles (nonlinear and time-varing systems) with only a simple experiment regardless of the type of vehicle and the control interface structure. The controller consists of a feedforward term for fast response, a zero-throttle acceleration compensation term, and a feedback term (P gain) to compensate for errors in the feedforward term, and another feedback term (I gain) to respond to disturbances such as slope. In order to easily apply it to real vehicles, there are only two tuning parameters, feedforward terms of throttle and brake control. And the remaining parameters can be calculated immediately when the two parameters are decided. The tuning procedure is also unified so that it can be quickly and easily applied to various vehicles. The performance of the controller was evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink and Truksim's European Ben model. In addition, the controller was successfully implemented to 3 medium-sized vehicle (HMC Solati), which is composed of different control interface characteristic. Vehicle driving performance was evaluated on the test track and on the urban roads in Siheung and Seoul.