Al-containing titanium silicalite-1 ([Al]-TS-1) catalyst was prepared hydrothermally, and the effects of synthesis parameters such as silica/alumina sources, $SiO_2/TiO_2$ ratio, and aging treatment were investigated. The structure, crystal size, and shape were examined by XRD and SEM, and the extent of titanium incorporation into the zeolite framework was examined using UV-vis DRS spectroscopy. For [Al]-TS-1 catalyst preparation, aging of ca. 24h was essential, and the faster crystallization rates were achieved with Cab-O-Sil than with Ludox or TEOS as a silica source. In addition, the higher crystallinity and faster crystallization rate were obtained using sodium aluminate as an aluminum source. 2-butanol oxidation using $H_2O_2$ as an oxidant was carried out to confirm the redox property of the [Al]-TS-1. Acid sites catalyzed toluene alkylation study indicated that lattice titanium species in [Al]-TS-1 weakened the acid strength, and the para-ethyltoluene selectivity was enhanced as a results.
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
/
v.17
no.10
/
pp.345-356
/
2016
The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate the safety competency of perioperative nurses and to examine its validity and reliability. The research process included the development of preliminary items through literature reviews and the construct validity examination of the conceptual framework for the preliminary scale. The content validity of the identified items was evaluated by experts, resulting in 30 preliminary items. The participants involved in testing the validity and reliability of the preliminary scale were 377 perioperative nurses. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, parallel analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and internal consistency. To verify the construction factor of the preliminary scale, exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis were performed, resulting in 3 factors and 27 items. The internal structure of the scale was schematized using confirmatory factor analysis and the goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate, as shown by the values of TLI=.90, CFI=.91, RMSEA=.07, and SRMR=.07. The final scale consisted of 27 items and 3 factors including knowledge (6 items), skill (13 items), and attitude (8 items). Cronbach' ${\alpha}$ for the final scale was .94, showing good internal consistency. This safety competency scale can be used for assessing the competency of perioperative nurses regarding patient safety, for developing patient safety studies and for the career development of perioperative nurses.
KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
/
v.3
no.10
/
pp.311-322
/
2014
IoT(Internet of Things) is a concept of connected internet pursuing direct access to devices or sensors in fused environment of personal, industrial and public area. In IoT environment, it is possible to access realtime data, and the data format and topology of devices are diverse. Also, there are bidirectional communications between users and devices to control actuators in IoT. In this point, IoT is different from the conventional internet in which data are produced by human desktops and gathered in server systems by way of one-sided simple internet communications. For the cloud or portal service of IoT, there should be a file management framework supporting systematic naming service and unified data access interface encompassing the variety of IoT things. This paper implements a DB-based virtual file system maintaining attributes of IoT things in a UNIX-styled file system view. Users who logged in the virtual shell are able to explore IoT things by navigating the virtual file system, and able to access IoT things directly via UNIX-styled file I O APIs. The implemented virtual file system is lightweight and flexible because it maintains only directory structure and descriptors for the distributed IoT things. The result of a test for the virtual shell primitives such as mkdir() or chdir() shows the smooth functionality of the virtual file system, Also, the exploring performance of the file system is better than that of Window file system in case of adopting a simple directory cache mechanism.
On December 12, 2015, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Paris Agreement, in which several developed and developing countries all committed to participating in the reduction of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions. South Korea has submitted an intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) proposal with a target to cut down 37% greenhouse gas business as usual (BAU) until 2030 in preparation for the 2030 GHG BAU. Under the post-2020 regime, which will be launched from 2021 as the agreement entered into force early, it is expected that efforts to support GHG reduction and adaptation to climate change in developing countries will be accelerated with the utilization of technologies and financial resources of developed countries. South Korea has established the Basic Plan for Climate Change Response and the Basic National Roadmap for Greenhouse Gas Reductions by 2030 to promote the response to climate change at the government level. The Ministry of Science and ICT, as the National Designated Entity designated by the UNFCCC, has come up with middle and long-term strategies for climate technology cooperation. South-Korea has an abundance of energy-consuming industries to support its export-oriented industrial structure; it is thus expected that achieving the GHG reduction target will incur a considerable cost. Moreover, in order to meet the reduction target (11.3%) of the intended nationally determined contribution proposed by South Korea, it is necessary for South Korea to actively promote projects that can achieve GHG reduction achievements, and financial resources are needed as leverage to reduce risks that can occur in the early stages of projects and attract private sector investment. This paper summarizes the theoretical discussions on climate finance and conducted a comparative analysis on the status of the funds related to climate change response in the UK, Germany, Japan and Denmark. Through this, we proposed the legal and policy tasks that should be carried forward to raise public funds that can be used for creation of new industries related to climate change as well as to reduce GHG emissions in South Korea. The Climate Change Countermeasures Act, which has been proposed by the National Assembly of South-Korea, stipulates the establishment of funds but there is no additional funding except for general account. In this regard, it is also possible to take measures such as the introduction of carbon tax or the collection and use of royalties through technology research and development projects for climate change, such as Industrial Technology Innovation Promotion Act. In addition, since funds are used in various fields such as domestic greenhouse gas reduction, technology development, and overseas projects, it is necessary to establish a system in which various ministries cooperate with the operation of the fund.
Four crystal structures of M3-A (M3Na9-xHx-A, M=Rb or K and x=1 or 0), Rb3Na8H-A(a=12.228(1) Å and R1=0.046), Rb3Na9-A (a=12.258(3) Å and R1=0.058), K3Na8H-A (a=12.257(3) Å and R1=0.048) and K3Na9-A (a=12.257(3) Å and R1=0.052), have been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction technique in the cubic space group Pm3^m at 21 ℃. In all structures, each unit cell contained three M+ ions all located at one crystallographically distinct position on 8-rings. Rb+ ions are 3.12 and 3.21 Å away respectively from O(1) and O(2) oxygens, about 0.40 Å away from the centers of the 8-rings, and K+ ions are 2.87 and 2.81 Å apart from the corresponding oxygens. These distances are the shortest ones among those previously found for the corresoponding ones. Eight 6-rings per unit cell are occupied by eight Na+ ions, each with a distance of 2.31 Å to three O(3) oxygens. The twelfth cation per unit cell is found as Na+ opposite 4-ring in the large cavities of M3Na9-A and assumed to be H+ for M3Na8H-A. With these noble non-framework cationic arrangements, larger M+ ions preferably on all larger 8-rings and the compact Na+ ions on all 6-rings, the bond angles in the 8-rings of M3-A, 145.1 and 161.0 respectively for (Si,Al)-O(1)-(Si,Al) and (Si,Al)-O(2)-(Si,Al), turned out to be remarkably stable and smaller, by more than 12 to 17°, than the corresponding angles found in the crystal structures of zeolites A with high concentration of M+ ions. It is to achieve these remarkably relaxed 8-rings, the main windows for the passage of gas molecules, with simultaneously maximized cavity volumes that M3-A have been selected as one of the efficient zeolite A systems for gas encapsulation.
Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
/
v.37
no.3
/
pp.3-18
/
2021
The fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming the industrial structure of the region, and it is necessary to develop new industries and technologies that reflect regional characteristics. The purpose of this study is to measure the knowledge relatedness and technological complexity in Busan, Ulsan, and Gyeongnam, and to identify technologies with potential for regional industrial differentiation strategies. Using patent data from 2015 to 2019, co-occurrence matrices were derived from 652 IPC codes, and the knowledge relatedness density and technology complexity index were calculated. Network analysis was performed using the knowledge relatedness density. As a result of analysis, it was found that mechanical engineering occupied a large proportion, followed by chemistry and electrical engineering. As a result of applying the risk-benefit framework to derive technologies with the potential to differentiate local industries, the technological capabilities of low-risk-high-benefit were different. Among mechanical engineering, technologies such as engine, machine operation, and transportation were included in Busan. In Ulsan, environmental technology in chemical and materials, and heat treatment technology in mechanical engineering were technologies with low-risk and high-benefit capabilities. Gyeongnam showed competence in mechanical engineering, chemistry, and electrical engineering in some areas such as Gimhae, Yangsan, and Changwon. The results of this study are meaningful in that they identified technologies with potential for selecting and deriving strategic industries for regional growth based on latent knowledge in the region.
This article is a study of Karl Marx's manifesto and the reform in donghak for the modality and their symbolism. As a text, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' declaration on the Communist Alliance and the reform program of the peasant Donghak were choose. This Declaration and the Reformation are the works of philosophical practice discourse of the 1800s in this article, which unfolds paradigmatically, deriving its common symbolic meaning in the semiotic sense, and evolving ideologically towards a democracy free of property. In the end, these two historical incident which are published in the contemporary breath, constitute an accusation against a nonhuman policy of surveillance and punishment. Twice a day, the space of the church is transformed into a factory, the act of dividing into two categories by capitalist and work and divorcing by accident is embodied as a social ethic. It is against the phenomenon that the structure of which no man exists is no longer institutionalized. The revolutionary movement aimed at breaking the framework of this hunt manifests itself in the two manifestos mentioned above, and Karl Marx completes the culmination of the utopia that must be achieved through the Declaration of the Communist Alliance by placing his being in the position of "eternal refugee". By choosing to die in his freedom developed during Jeon Bong-joon's trial, he also completes the people's spirit of revolution. In the case of simultaneous exploitation in East and West, the form of oppression is the withdrawal of capital from domination and power, and a new alternative to this is the philosophical context that allows the establishment of a new paradigm with "man is the greatest capital".
Gangneung Danoje is a local festival that has its origin in the county festival handed down premodern society. It was designated as an important intangible cultural asset in 1966, and has appreciated as a representative traditional festival of Korea since UNESCO designated it as 'the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity' in 2005. Generally, it is known as a festival which it keeps up the premodern tradition. However, we can know that it is different from the festival performed in the 19 century in its framework and contents if we pay attention to the texts of festival performed in Gangneung today. I think that this change is a result of cultural adaptation by the change of transmission situation, and especially today texts of festival is an result of the pursuit, restoration and reproduction of its traditional form so as to be designated as a cultural asset. In this paper, after I have an accurate grasp of the traditional form of Gangneung Danoje from the present data related to Gangneung Danoje, I will compare its traditional text with the existing text which was reconstructed at the time of being designated as an important intangible cultural asset. To do this work, I verified the composition method of a county festival by investigating a general aspect of county festival in the $Chos{\breve{o}}n$ dynasty, brought out the aspect of its change by comparing its existing text with the procedures and contents of Gangneung Danoje before the Japanese occupation by force, and discussed the matter of its some changes. As a result of my work, I ascertained that the present Gangneung Danoje is very different from the festival transmitted in premodern society in the structure, time and space of festival, and the contents of performance containing the procedures of meeting god, seeing god off, and enjoying god.
How has the passenger car's architecture evolved? In the meantime, the discussions on the car architecture have been mixed, i.e., integral, modular, and the coexistence of two types. Therefore, in this study, we aim to develop two indices can measure the degree of modularization of passenger car and its all modules using global trade data. By applying the indices to the framework of architecture positioning that reflects the hierarchical structure of a product, we examined that the degree of modularization of the passenger car architecture has been enhanced. Meanwhile, the degree of modularization differs across the modules that make up the car. Specifically, we observed the higher degree of modularization in front-end, cockpit and seat modules. Whereas, we found that body module had a relatively low degree of modularization. In particular, we observed that the platform of passenger car has notably modularized due to carmakers' efforts to achieve model diversification and reduction of cost and period in new product development at the same time. Interestingly, we showed that three modules, i.e., engine, chassis (relatively less modularized), and transmission (relatively highly modularized), had a different level of modularization, even if they commonly make up the platform. We contribute to the suggestion for analytical approaches that examine the degree of modularization and its progress longitudinally. In addition, we propose the necessity of decomposition of a system into elements in a study of product architecture, considering the possibly distinctive progress of modularization across the elements.
This study aims to analyze the environment for the open-source records system and to identify the risk and requirements for the success of the strategy in Korea. For this, Chapter 2 presented a review of the strategic benefits of open source to public organizations, developers, and users. It also discussed the process of cooperatively developing and releasing the source code and the technology infrastructure supporting open source. In Chapter 3, six representative open-source projects in the field of records management were selected, and case studies were conducted. To derive comprehensive implications, we have divided the main development body of open-source projects into international organizations, international cooperation systems, national archives, and software development companies. We also analyzed the background and purpose of each project, the agents of development and funding, the governance model, the development period and cost, the business model and software architecture, the community composition, and the licensing strategy. Through this, we have derived four critical success factors. In terms of technology, a component-based design was required; therefore, we proposed a microservice architecture and a model-view-controller design pattern. Next, it was necessary to reestablish system requirements of records center and archives. Moreover, we also proposed a dual licensing strategy to allow developers to easily participate in open-source projects. Lastly, we emphasized a strong governance structure and an effective cooperation framework to create a sustainable community. For a record system to be open-source successfully in an organization-centered market, the roles of software developers and end users should be exercised more in the community. To achieve this, it is important to build various collaborative tools and development infrastructure from a planning stage to a centralized one.
본 웹사이트에 게시된 이메일 주소가 전자우편 수집 프로그램이나
그 밖의 기술적 장치를 이용하여 무단으로 수집되는 것을 거부하며,
이를 위반시 정보통신망법에 의해 형사 처벌됨을 유념하시기 바랍니다.
[게시일 2004년 10월 1일]
이용약관
제 1 장 총칙
제 1 조 (목적)
이 이용약관은 KoreaScience 홈페이지(이하 “당 사이트”)에서 제공하는 인터넷 서비스(이하 '서비스')의 가입조건 및 이용에 관한 제반 사항과 기타 필요한 사항을 구체적으로 규정함을 목적으로 합니다.
제 2 조 (용어의 정의)
① "이용자"라 함은 당 사이트에 접속하여 이 약관에 따라 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스를 받는 회원 및 비회원을
말합니다.
② "회원"이라 함은 서비스를 이용하기 위하여 당 사이트에 개인정보를 제공하여 아이디(ID)와 비밀번호를 부여
받은 자를 말합니다.
③ "회원 아이디(ID)"라 함은 회원의 식별 및 서비스 이용을 위하여 자신이 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을
말합니다.
④ "비밀번호(패스워드)"라 함은 회원이 자신의 비밀보호를 위하여 선정한 문자 및 숫자의 조합을 말합니다.
제 3 조 (이용약관의 효력 및 변경)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트에 게시하거나 기타의 방법으로 회원에게 공지함으로써 효력이 발생합니다.
② 당 사이트는 이 약관을 개정할 경우에 적용일자 및 개정사유를 명시하여 현행 약관과 함께 당 사이트의
초기화면에 그 적용일자 7일 이전부터 적용일자 전일까지 공지합니다. 다만, 회원에게 불리하게 약관내용을
변경하는 경우에는 최소한 30일 이상의 사전 유예기간을 두고 공지합니다. 이 경우 당 사이트는 개정 전
내용과 개정 후 내용을 명확하게 비교하여 이용자가 알기 쉽도록 표시합니다.
제 4 조(약관 외 준칙)
① 이 약관은 당 사이트가 제공하는 서비스에 관한 이용안내와 함께 적용됩니다.
② 이 약관에 명시되지 아니한 사항은 관계법령의 규정이 적용됩니다.
제 2 장 이용계약의 체결
제 5 조 (이용계약의 성립 등)
① 이용계약은 이용고객이 당 사이트가 정한 약관에 「동의합니다」를 선택하고, 당 사이트가 정한
온라인신청양식을 작성하여 서비스 이용을 신청한 후, 당 사이트가 이를 승낙함으로써 성립합니다.
② 제1항의 승낙은 당 사이트가 제공하는 과학기술정보검색, 맞춤정보, 서지정보 등 다른 서비스의 이용승낙을
포함합니다.
제 6 조 (회원가입)
서비스를 이용하고자 하는 고객은 당 사이트에서 정한 회원가입양식에 개인정보를 기재하여 가입을 하여야 합니다.
제 7 조 (개인정보의 보호 및 사용)
당 사이트는 관계법령이 정하는 바에 따라 회원 등록정보를 포함한 회원의 개인정보를 보호하기 위해 노력합니다. 회원 개인정보의 보호 및 사용에 대해서는 관련법령 및 당 사이트의 개인정보 보호정책이 적용됩니다.
제 8 조 (이용 신청의 승낙과 제한)
① 당 사이트는 제6조의 규정에 의한 이용신청고객에 대하여 서비스 이용을 승낙합니다.
② 당 사이트는 아래사항에 해당하는 경우에 대해서 승낙하지 아니 합니다.
- 이용계약 신청서의 내용을 허위로 기재한 경우
- 기타 규정한 제반사항을 위반하며 신청하는 경우
제 9 조 (회원 ID 부여 및 변경 등)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객에 대하여 약관에 정하는 바에 따라 자신이 선정한 회원 ID를 부여합니다.
② 회원 ID는 원칙적으로 변경이 불가하며 부득이한 사유로 인하여 변경 하고자 하는 경우에는 해당 ID를
해지하고 재가입해야 합니다.
③ 기타 회원 개인정보 관리 및 변경 등에 관한 사항은 서비스별 안내에 정하는 바에 의합니다.
제 3 장 계약 당사자의 의무
제 10 조 (KISTI의 의무)
① 당 사이트는 이용고객이 희망한 서비스 제공 개시일에 특별한 사정이 없는 한 서비스를 이용할 수 있도록
하여야 합니다.
② 당 사이트는 개인정보 보호를 위해 보안시스템을 구축하며 개인정보 보호정책을 공시하고 준수합니다.
③ 당 사이트는 회원으로부터 제기되는 의견이나 불만이 정당하다고 객관적으로 인정될 경우에는 적절한 절차를
거쳐 즉시 처리하여야 합니다. 다만, 즉시 처리가 곤란한 경우는 회원에게 그 사유와 처리일정을 통보하여야
합니다.
제 11 조 (회원의 의무)
① 이용자는 회원가입 신청 또는 회원정보 변경 시 실명으로 모든 사항을 사실에 근거하여 작성하여야 하며,
허위 또는 타인의 정보를 등록할 경우 일체의 권리를 주장할 수 없습니다.
② 당 사이트가 관계법령 및 개인정보 보호정책에 의거하여 그 책임을 지는 경우를 제외하고 회원에게 부여된
ID의 비밀번호 관리소홀, 부정사용에 의하여 발생하는 모든 결과에 대한 책임은 회원에게 있습니다.
③ 회원은 당 사이트 및 제 3자의 지적 재산권을 침해해서는 안 됩니다.
제 4 장 서비스의 이용
제 12 조 (서비스 이용 시간)
① 서비스 이용은 당 사이트의 업무상 또는 기술상 특별한 지장이 없는 한 연중무휴, 1일 24시간 운영을
원칙으로 합니다. 단, 당 사이트는 시스템 정기점검, 증설 및 교체를 위해 당 사이트가 정한 날이나 시간에
서비스를 일시 중단할 수 있으며, 예정되어 있는 작업으로 인한 서비스 일시중단은 당 사이트 홈페이지를
통해 사전에 공지합니다.
② 당 사이트는 서비스를 특정범위로 분할하여 각 범위별로 이용가능시간을 별도로 지정할 수 있습니다. 다만
이 경우 그 내용을 공지합니다.
제 13 조 (홈페이지 저작권)
① NDSL에서 제공하는 모든 저작물의 저작권은 원저작자에게 있으며, KISTI는 복제/배포/전송권을 확보하고
있습니다.
② NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 상업적 및 기타 영리목적으로 복제/배포/전송할 경우 사전에 KISTI의 허락을
받아야 합니다.
③ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 보도, 비평, 교육, 연구 등을 위하여 정당한 범위 안에서 공정한 관행에
합치되게 인용할 수 있습니다.
④ NDSL에서 제공하는 콘텐츠를 무단 복제, 전송, 배포 기타 저작권법에 위반되는 방법으로 이용할 경우
저작권법 제136조에 따라 5년 이하의 징역 또는 5천만 원 이하의 벌금에 처해질 수 있습니다.
제 14 조 (유료서비스)
① 당 사이트 및 협력기관이 정한 유료서비스(원문복사 등)는 별도로 정해진 바에 따르며, 변경사항은 시행 전에
당 사이트 홈페이지를 통하여 회원에게 공지합니다.
② 유료서비스를 이용하려는 회원은 정해진 요금체계에 따라 요금을 납부해야 합니다.
제 5 장 계약 해지 및 이용 제한
제 15 조 (계약 해지)
회원이 이용계약을 해지하고자 하는 때에는 [가입해지] 메뉴를 이용해 직접 해지해야 합니다.
제 16 조 (서비스 이용제한)
① 당 사이트는 회원이 서비스 이용내용에 있어서 본 약관 제 11조 내용을 위반하거나, 다음 각 호에 해당하는
경우 서비스 이용을 제한할 수 있습니다.
- 2년 이상 서비스를 이용한 적이 없는 경우
- 기타 정상적인 서비스 운영에 방해가 될 경우
② 상기 이용제한 규정에 따라 서비스를 이용하는 회원에게 서비스 이용에 대하여 별도 공지 없이 서비스 이용의
일시정지, 이용계약 해지 할 수 있습니다.
제 17 조 (전자우편주소 수집 금지)
회원은 전자우편주소 추출기 등을 이용하여 전자우편주소를 수집 또는 제3자에게 제공할 수 없습니다.
제 6 장 손해배상 및 기타사항
제 18 조 (손해배상)
당 사이트는 무료로 제공되는 서비스와 관련하여 회원에게 어떠한 손해가 발생하더라도 당 사이트가 고의 또는 과실로 인한 손해발생을 제외하고는 이에 대하여 책임을 부담하지 아니합니다.
제 19 조 (관할 법원)
서비스 이용으로 발생한 분쟁에 대해 소송이 제기되는 경우 민사 소송법상의 관할 법원에 제기합니다.
[부 칙]
1. (시행일) 이 약관은 2016년 9월 5일부터 적용되며, 종전 약관은 본 약관으로 대체되며, 개정된 약관의 적용일 이전 가입자도 개정된 약관의 적용을 받습니다.