• Title/Summary/Keyword: Frame within a frame

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A Deep Learning-Based Rate Control for HEVC Intra Coding

  • Marzuki, Ismail;Sim, Donggyu
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2019.11a
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    • pp.180-181
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    • 2019
  • This paper proposes a rate control algorithm for intra coding frame in HEVC encoder using a deep learning approach. The proposed algorithm is designed for CTU level bit allocation in intra frame by considering visual features spatially and temporally. Our features are generated using visual geometry group (VGG-16) with deep convolutional layers, then it is used for bit allocation per each CTU within an intra frame. According to our experiments, the proposed algorithm can achieve -2.04% Luma component BD-rate gain with minimal bit accuracy loss against the HM-16.20 rate control model.

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Redundancy of Dual and Steel Moment Frame Systems under Earthquakes

  • Song, S.H.;Wen, Y.K.
    • Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.137-137
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    • 2001
  • The reliability/redundancy of structural system has become a serious concern among engineers and researchers after structural failures in Northridge and Kobe earthquakes. The reliability/redundancy factor, ρ, in current codes considers only member force and floor area and has received much criticism from dissatisfied engineers. Within a reliability framework. the redundancy is investigated for dual systems of primary shear walls and secondary moment frames and steel moment frame systems. Probabilistic performance analyses are carried out baled on nonlinear responses under SAC ground motion. The effects of structural configuration, ductilily capacity, 3-D motion, and uncertainty of demand verses capacity are investigated. Important redundancy-contributing factors are identified and a uniform-risk redundancy factor is developed for design. The result are compared with the p factor and its inconsistency is pointed out.

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A Study on T-Joint Welding by High Power Fiber Laser of SAPH Steel Plate for Automobile (자동차용 강판 SAPH의 고출력 파이버 레이저에 의한 T형상 용접특성에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Yong-Seok;Yoo, Young-Tae;Shin, Ho-Jun
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.35-44
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this paper is to describe experimental results about the T-joint welding of the high power continuous wave (CW) fiber laser for SAPH steel plate for seat frame of car. The seat rail is a part of seat frame of cars. The assembling method is mostly fix up using a bolt and nut. But this assembling method has many demerits in productivity such as increasing work process and material cost. This paper presents an experimental study about Laser T-Joint weldability of seat rail. Laser welding has many advantages in lightness and saving material costs of seat frame. The laser beam was moved along the work pieces by six axis robot with process optical fiber. The laser beam is focused with a welding head within incident angle $15{\sim}45^{\circ}$ for the purpose of the T-joint welding through two side full penetration. The range of the root gap size is less than ${\leq}0.4mm$. Optical microscopy SEM were performed to observe the micro structures and determine the structures of welded zone.

Design Turbo code with MAP decoder (MAP복호기를 이용한 Turbo code 설계)

  • 박태운;조원경
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 1999.06a
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    • pp.425-428
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    • 1999
  • Turbo decoder were shown to achieve performance within 0.7㏈ of the Shannon capacity limit. This constituted a significant gain in power efficiency over other coding techniques known at the time. In this paper, Turbo code with constraint length K=4, code rate 1/3, frame size 196bits(6 tail bits), 20㎳ frame and 6bit MAP decoder is implemented using VHDL. The designed Turbo code is used for voice service. Interactions of the system are used to attain large performance improvements.

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Shape Optimization of a Bogie frame for the Reduction of its Weight (고속 화차용 대차프레임의 경량화를 위한 최적설계)

  • Kim, Hyun-Su;Ahn, Chan-Woo;Choi, Kyung-Ho;Park, Jeong-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.186-192
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    • 2002
  • As industry is developed, the faster transportation of freight train is demanded. The optimum design of a structure requires the determination of economical member size and shape of a structure which will satisfy the design conditions and the functions. In this study, it is attempted to minimize the dead weight of bogie frame. From the numerical results in the shape and size optimization of the bogie frame, it is known that the weight can be reduced up to 17.45% with the displacement, stress, first natural frequency and critical buckling-load constraints. The first natural frequency and the critical buckling load of the optimized model is larger than that of the lowest design value. Stress and displacement conditions are also satisfied within the design conditions. From the results, the optimal model is stable and useful for the improvement of railway carriages.

A Bit-Error Resilient Wavelet Video Coding Scheme in Wireless Channels (무선 채널의 비트 에러에 강한 웨이블릿 비디오 코딩 기법)

  • 이주경;정기동
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.695-704
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    • 2003
  • A wavelet-based video stream is more susceptible to the network transmission errors than DCT-based video. This is because bit-errors in a subband of a video frame affect not only the other subbands within the current frame but also the subsequent frames. In this paper, we propose a video source coding scheme called IPC(Intra Prediction Coding) scheme in order to reduce the error propagation to the subsequent frames. In the proposed scheme, a subband except LL subband in the current frame refers to the lower-level subband within the same frame. This reduces the error propagation to subsequent frames. We evaluated the performance of our proposed scheme in the simulated wireless network environment. As a result of tests, it was shown that the proposed algorithm shows better performance than MRME in a heavy motion image sequence while IPC outperforms MRME at a high bit-rate in small motion image sequence.

Improved Connectivity-Based Reliable Multicast MAC Protocol for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs (IEEE 802.11 무선랜에서 신뢰성 있는 멀티캐스트 전송을 위한 연결정보 기반의 효율적인 MAC 프로토콜)

  • Choi, Woo-Yong
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.94-100
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    • 2010
  • The reliable multicast MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol is needed to guarantee the recipients' nonerroneous reception of the multicast data frames, which can be transmitted by the AP (Access Point) in infrastructure mode IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs. Enhancing the BMMM (Batch Mode Multicast MAC) protocol, in the literature, the connectivity-based reliable multicast MAC protocol was proposed to reduce the RAK (Request for ACKnowledgement) frame transmissions and enhance the multicast MAC performance. However, the number of necessary RAK frame transmissions increases as the number of multicast recipients increases. To alleviate the problem of the larger number of RAK frame transmissions with the larger number of multicast recipients, we propose the clustering algorithm for partitioning the recipients into a small number of clusters, so that the recipients are connected each other within the same clusters. Numerical examples are presented to show the reliable multicast MAC performance improvement by the clustering algorithm.

The significance of removing shear walls in existing low-rise RC frame buildings - Sustainable approach

  • Keihani, Reza;Bahadori-Jahromi, Ali;Goodchild, Charles
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • v.71 no.5
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    • pp.563-576
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    • 2019
  • According to The Concrete Centre, in the UK shear walls have become an inseparable part of almost every reinforced concrete frame building. Recently, the construction industry has questioned the need for shear walls in low to mid-rise RC frame buildings. This study tried to address the issue in two stages: The first stage, the feasibility of removing shear walls in an existing design for a residential building where ETABS and CONCEPT software were used to investigate the structural performance and cost-effectiveness respectively. The second stage, the same structure was examined in various locations in the UK to investigate regional effects. This study demonstrated that the building without shear wall could provide adequate serviceability and strength within the safe range defined by Eurocodes. As a result, construction time, overall cost and required concrete volume are reduced which in turn enhance the sustainability of concrete construction.

Structure-Vibration Analysis of Electric Scooter Frame (전동 스쿠터 프레임의 구조 진동해석 연구)

  • Chun, Se-Young;Seong, Ki-Won;Park, Hae-I;Kim, In-Soo;Kang, Seong-Ki
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 2016
  • The purpose of this study was to ensure the safety of a scooter frame through a structure and vibration analysis according to the tube thickness and weight of the frame of the electric scooter, which is currently being commercialized. According to the results of this study, the largest displacement value of 0.13238mm appeared in the 3-mm thickness when applying the 100-kg load according to the thickness, and 0.026591mm and 0.019062mm appeared in the 4-mm and 5-mm thicknesses, respectively. The difference between the 4-mm and 5-mm values was 0.007529mm, and it showed low displacement. Thus, the frame of more than 4-mm thickness was considered safe. In addition, the experimental result for the natural frequency from Mode 1 to Mode 6 in the vibration analysis was within 601.88Hz. In the 5-mm frame, the durability regarding the vibration was recognized as the best due to the appearance of the critical frequency (341.03Hz).

Tag Number Estimation Scheme for Dynamic Frame Size Allocation (동적 프레임 크기 할당을 위한 태그 수 추정 기법)

  • Lim, In-Taek;Choi, Jin-Oh;Kim, Su-Hwan;Choi, Jin-Ho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2010.05a
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    • pp.756-758
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    • 2010
  • Fixed frame size is used in the RFID system with the frame-based slot ALOHA algorithm. Therefore, it is anticipated that the tag identification performances will highly depend on the number of tags within the reader's identification range and the frame size. In this paper, we propose a tag number estimation scheme and analyze the performance with the computer simulations. The proposed scheme is based on the status of slots that the tags respond during a query round as well as the probabilistic calculations.

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