• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1208-1216
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• 2003

Stress is known to influence the immune function via an effect on the central nervous system. To investigated the effects of Kwibitang water extract (KBT) on the specific immune response in C57BL/6 mice stressed by immobilization, we evaluated the changes in the cell viability, DNA fragmentation and subpopulation of thymocytes and splenocytes. KBT enhanced the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes decreased by immobilization stress. Also, KBT decreased DNA fragmentation of thymocytes and splenocytes increased by immobilization stress. KBT decreased the population of CD4/sup +/ cells and CD8/sup +/ cells in thymocytes and Thy1/sup +/ cells in splenocytes increased by immobolization stress, but increased the population of B220/sup +/ cells decreased by immobilization stress. In addition, KBT enhanced the production of ν-interferon and IL-2 decreased by immobilization stress. These results indicate that KBT may be useful for the prevention and treatment of stress via enhancement of the specific immune response

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the effects of Taraxaci Herba (TH) on cell death in breast cancer cells. Methods : In this experiment, the effects of TH on proliferation rates, cell morphology and growth pattern, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In addition, the effects on nuclear condensation, fragmentation and formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVO) in MCF-7 cells were also investigated. Finally, autophagy related with protein was observed by using western blot method. Results : TH inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells, TH elevated intracellular ROS levels significantly. Treatment with TH did not affect nuclear morphologies such as condensation or fragmentation. On the other hand, TH treatment effectively induced AVO. Finally, one of autophagy related with protein, Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A (MAP1LC3A, LC3) level was elevated by treatment with TH. Conclusions : These data indicate that TH is able to be used for patient with breast cancer and mechanisms are involved in autophagy through ROS generation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.721-724
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• 2002

Postmortem Proteolysis of breast (BM) and leg (LM) muscles in Chiayi native chickens at $5^{\circ}C$ were compared. Myofibrils were purified from BM and LM samples that were randomly taken from carcasses after 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of storage at $5^{\circ}C$. Fragmentation of myofibrils were determined, and degradation of myofibrillar proteins were analyzed by the SDS-PAGE and western blots. The results showed that myofibril fragmentation index (MFI) was significantly (p<0.05) higher in BM than in LM samples. Disappearance of titin and nebulin and appearance of the 30 kDa component were more rapidly as seen on SDS-PAGE in BM than in LM samples. Western blots labeled with a monoclonal antibody to desmin also demonstrated that desmin degraded more quickly in BM samples. Our data suggested that postmortem proteolysis occurred more rapidly in breast muscles in Chiayi native chickens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1411-1420
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of study was to investigate the effects of season and single layer centrifugation (SLC) before cryopreservation on post-thaw bull sperm quality in Thailand. Methods: Semen was collected from 6 bulls (Bos indicus) in summer, rainy season and winter 2014 through 2016. Semen characteristics, sperm morphology, sperm kinematics, viability, chromatin structure and mitochondrial membrane were evaluated. Meteorological data were available from the local meteorological station; Results: Season had an effect on semen characteristics in the raw ejaculate, with higher proportions of normal spermatozoa and lower abnormalities in winter than in the other two seasons. Sperm kinematics, viability, DNA fragmentation index, and mitochondrial membrane potential were not different between seasons. Sperm samples selected by SLC had greater normal morphology and a lower proportion with bent tails than controls and higher values of progressive motility (PRO), beat cross frequency, linearity, straightness, wobble (WOB), and lower values of slow motility, velocity average path (VAP), velocity curved line, and amplitude of lateral head displacement than controls. In addition, SLC-selection had a favorable effect on PRO, VAP, and WOB that differed among seasons. Conclusion: Our results suggested that these bulls were well adapted to their location, with season having an effect on sperm morphology. Moreover, SLC could be used prior to cryopreservation, regardless of season, to enhance normal morphology and kinematics of bull sperm samples without adversely affecting other parameters of sperm quality. However, there was considerable variation among bulls in DNA fragmentation index, mitochondrial membrane potential and sperm viability. In addition, SLC had a positive effect on sperm morphology and sperm kinematics, which could be expected to influence fertility.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2020

Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a potent antioxidant with protective effects against neurotoxicity. However, it is currently unclear whether EGCG protects neuronal cells against radiation-induced damage. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of EGCG on ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells. The effects of UV irradiation included apoptotic cell death, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, enhanced caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. UV irradiation also increased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and mitochondrial pathway-associated cytochrome c expression. However, pretreatment with EGCG before UV exposure markedly decreased UV-induced DNA fragmentation and ROS production. Furthermore, the UV irradiation-induced increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c upregulation, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation were each ameliorated by EGCG pretreatment. Additionally, EGCG suppressed UV-induced phosphorylation of p38 and rescued UV-downregulated phosphorylation of ERK. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG prevents UV irradiation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by scavenging ROS and inhibiting the mitochondrial pathways known to play a crucial role in apoptosis. In addition, EGCG inhibits UV-induced apoptosis via JNK inactivation and ERK activation in PC12 cells. Thus, EGCG represents a potential neuroprotective agent that could be applied to prevent neuronal cell death induced by UV irradiation.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.227-237
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• 2022

Amyloid beta (Aβ) is produced from an amyloid precursor protein by the activation of the amyloidogenic pathway, and it is widely known to cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of three flavonoids, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, and afzelin, from Acer okamotoanum against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Aβ_25-35 treatments resulted in decreased cell viability and increased levels of nuclei condensation and fragmentation. However, an isoquercitrin treatment dose-dependently increased cell viability and decreased nuclei condensation and fragmentation levels. SH-SY5Y cells treated with Aβ_25-35 showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production compared to that from cells not treated with Aβ_25-35. However, treatment with the three flavonoids significantly inhibited ROS production compared to an Aβ_25-35-treated control group, indicating that the three flavonoids blocked neuronal oxidative stress. For a closer examination of the neuroprotective mechanisms, we measured the expressions of the non-amyloidogenic pathway-related proteins of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) and the tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). An isoquercitrin treatment enhanced the expressions of ADAM10 compared to the control group. In addition, the three flavonoids activated the non-amyloidogenic pathway via the upregulation of TACE. In conclusion, we demonstrated neuroprotective effects of three flavonoids from A. okamotoanum, in particular isoquercitrin, on neurotoxicity by the regulation of the non-amyloidogenic pathway in Aβ_25-35-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, we suggest that flavonoids from A. okamotoanum may have some potential as therapeutics of AD.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2012

Objectives : WHW is a polyherbal medicine for the treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF). WHW previously reported various biological property such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-renal fibrosis in CRF. This study aimed to investigate the anti-apoptotic effect of WHW on staurosporin(SSP)-induced apoptosis in canine kidney epithelial cells (MDCK). Methods : MDCK cells were treated with different concentrations of WHW (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and $1mg/m{\ell}$) for 1 h, and then induced apoptosis by treatment of SSP ($1{\mu}M$) for 24 h. Cell viability was measured by WST-1 assay. The expression of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by Western blot. Caspase-3 activity and ROS levels were also measured by their commercial available assay kits. Cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst and DNA fragmentation. Results : WHW significantly increased the cell viability on SSP-treated MDCK cells. WHW inhibited SSP-induced expression of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3 and Bax, and significantly decreased caspase-3 activity in MDCK cells. WHW significantly decreased SSP-induced production of ROS, and suppressed SSP-induced chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation in MDCK cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that WHW has an anti-apoptotic effect in renal cells through suppressing the expression of apoptotic proteins, ROS production and DNA damages.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.642-650
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• 2018

뮤지컬은 제작부터 연출, 작가, 작곡가, 작사가를 비롯하여 안무가, 음악감독, 배우 등 많은 전문가들을 통해 이루어진다. 이처럼 하나의 뮤지컬이 성공하기 위해서는 그 모든 분야의 사람들이 다 함께 창의력을 발휘해야 한다. 라이센스 뮤지컬이 아닌 이상 먼저 작가, 작곡가, 작사가를 통해 한 작품의 기초 틀이 만들어진다. 이들을 크리에이티브 팀(Creative Team)이라 하고 연출가, 안무가, 배우, 스텝 등을 프로덕션 팀(Production Team)이라고 한다. 그리고 이 두 팀을 합쳐서 크리에이티브 스텝(Creative Staff)이라고 한다. 이후 제작 규모에 따라 2차 크리에이티브 스텝들이 참여하게 되고 실제 연습에 들어가게 되는데 음악감독, 무대 디자이너, 음향 디자이너 등 각 팀의 세부 구성을 이루게 된다. 뮤지컬 크리에이티브 팀에서의 음악 관련 스텝들은 사실 작품의 음악적 색깔과 장르를 결정하는 음악 슈퍼바이저로부터 시작되어 세분화되고 분업화 된다. 하지만 국내에서는 작곡가 또는 음악감독이 그 역할을 모두 담당하고 있다. 본 연구는 해외 뮤지컬 제작 과정 시스템의 사례를 분석하여 작업 공정의 세분화에 따른 보컬 코치의 역할과 개념을 정립하고, 국내 뮤지컬산업에서 보컬 코치의 역할과 필요성을 고찰해 보고자 한다. 일반적인 보이스 티쳐들과 뮤지컬 보컬 코치의 역할과 기능의 공통점과 차이점을 살펴보고, 인터뷰를 통한 국내 뮤지컬 보컬코치 사례를 함께 알아보았다. 그와 더불어 국내 뮤지컬 음악 크리에이티브팀 시스템에 관해 고찰해 보았다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.45-76
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• 2016

This paper measures the extent to which South Korea participated in global value chains (GVCs) from 1995 through 2011 and scrutinizes the consequences of such participation on the Korean economy. To this end, the World Input Output Database is utilized to calculate GVC income, GVC employment, and value-added exports created by Korean and foreign industries. Our findings show that Korea radically internationalized its production activities during the sample period, widening the gap between gross exports and value-added exports. We also document that Korea's participation in GVCs has changed the value-added and employment structures in domestic industries in accordance with their comparative advantages while exacerbating the degree of wage inequality.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 중앙아시아에 위치한 카자흐스탄을 방문하여 Kazakhmys광산을 소개하고 국내 발파 기술을 접목할 경우를 가정하여 최적의 발파 설계를 제안하고자 한다. 그 결과, 국내 발파 기술을 사용하더라도 카자흐스탄 광산에서 발생하는 화약 소모량과 천공수 등을 절감하여 최종적인 생산원가를 절감할 수 있는 발파 설계가 가능한 것을 알 수 있었다.