• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1617-1617
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• 2001

It is well known now that near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast, no destructive, and inexpensive analytical technique that could be used to classify, identify, and authenticate a wide range of foods and food items. Therefore, the main aims of this study were to provide a new insight into the authentication of five strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) varieties and to correlate them with geographical zones and the propagating methods used. Three weeks plants of five different strawberry varieties (F. x ananassa Duch. cv Camarosa, Seascape, Chandler, F. Chiloensis, and F. Virginiana) were cultivated in vitro first and then transferred to pots with special soil, and grown in a greenhouse at CINVESTAV, all varieties were acquired from California (USA). After 18 months, ten leaves from each variety were collected. Transmission spectra from each leave were recorded over a range of 10, 000-4, 000 cm$-^{1}$, 32 scans of each strawberry leave were collected using a resolution of 4 cm$-^{1}$ with a Paragon IdentiCheck FT-NIR System Spectrometer. Triplicates of each strawberry leave were used. All spectra were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling class analogy (SIMCA). The optimum number of components to be used in the regression was automatically determined by the software. Camarosa was the only variety grown from the same shoot but propagated by a different method (direct or in vitro). Five different classes (varieties) or clusters were observed among samples, however, larger inter class distances were presented by the two wildtype samples (F. Chiloensis and F. Virginiana). Camarosa direct and Camarosa in vitro displayed a small overlapping region between them. On the other hand, Seascape variety presented the smallest rejection percentage among all varieties (more similarities with the rest of the samples). Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of NIRS technique allowed the authentication of all strawberry varieties and geographical origin as well. It was also possible to form subclasses of the same materials. The results presented here demonstrate that NIRS is a very powerful and promising analytical tool since all materials were authenticated and classified based on their variety, origin, and treatment. This is of a tremendous relevance since the variety and origin of a plant material can be established even before it gives its typical fruit or flower.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2018

Hydroponic strawberry culture system is increasing annually. Most of strawberry farmers use mulched bed in hydroponic culture and strawberry plants were transplanted in early September. After transplanting, Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae and twospotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae, can increase their occurrence under high temperature condition. Therefore, we conducted for comparison occurrence of Fusarium wilt and TSSM on mulched with green polyethylene film and non-mulched bed. Occurrence of Fusarium wilt on mulched bed was started from early October and more increase than non-mulched bed. Damage rate of TSSM on mulched bed was shown higher than non-mulched bed. Temperature of substrate in mulched bed increased than non-mulched bed, but relative humidity near plants was decreased. As a result, use of non-mulched bed should be effective for reducing of Fusarium wilt and TSSM on strawberry plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.825-830
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• 2022

"Doha" is a new strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) variety, which was released by the Highland Agriculture Research Institute in 2021. The "Doha" variety originates from a 2014 cross between "Saebong No. 3" and "Yeolha," both of which exhibited excellent ever-bearing characteristics, including continuous flowering and large fruits under long-day and high temperature conditions. This new cultivar was initially named "Saebong No. 13" after examining its characteristics and productivity during summer cultivation between 2015 and 2018. After regional adaptability tests, "Doha" was selected from "Saebong No. 13" as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of "Doha" include spreading, elliptic leaves, and strong growth. The fruits are long and conical and of a red color. The plant height of "Doha" was similar to that of "Goha," but the number of leaves was lower. The number of flower clusters of "Doha" was 8.6, which was 2.8 fewer than that of the control variety, "Goha," with 11.4. The average fruit weight of "Doha" was 13.9 g, which was 4.9 g heavier than that of "Goha." The fruit hardness of "Doha" was 35.5 g·mm^-2, which was 9.4 g·mm^-2 harder than that of "Goha." The marketable yield of "Doha" was 26,971 kg·ha^-1, 125% more than that of "Goha" with 21,479 kg·ha^-1. The findings of this study suggest that "Doha" is a hard fruit and high-yielding variety of ever-bearing strawberries that could increase farming income when distributing to farmers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.12
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• pp.955-964
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• 2023

This study was conducted to obtain basic data on efficient and eco-friendly crop cultivation for urban residents who enjoy urban agriculture as a hobby or leisure activity. We planted strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)(S) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis)(K) in different ratios to analyze the differences in soil environment, growth, physiology, and productivity, and to investigate the effects. Strawberry growth was optimal with S1K2 ratio, whereas the S1K1 ratio treatment showed the highest levels of physiology and productivity. In terms of growth and physiology, kidney beans tended to perform best in S1K2 treatment. The average number of productive pods was two, with a highest average value of 2.3 being recorded in S2K1 treatment planted with a high percentage of strawberries. In terms of growth, physiology, and prodctivity our findings indicate that it would be desirable to plant starwberries and kidney bean in a 1:1 ratio. However, considering the environmental characteristics of walls and rooftops, it is necessary to effectively manage crops suitable for these conditions. Furthermore, additional studies should be conducted to analyze the quality of fruits and seeds producted, both qualitatively and quantitatively in the future.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.238-245
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of magnesium (Mg) concentrations in nutrient solution on growth of and nutrient uptake by 'Maehyang' strawberry. Tissue analysis based on dry weight and petiole sap were also conducted to determine the threshold level in plants when Mg deficiency disorders developed in strawberry plants. In the Mg deficient plants, the spotted yellowing or yellowing area developed on the interveinal area of mature leaves. The dark brown color also developed on the interveinal area of mature leaves with marginal browning or marginal necrosis. The response in dry weight production of 'Maehyang' strawberry to elevated Mg concentrations in nutrient solution was quadratic and the equation is y=6.84+1.7533x-$0.9278x^2$ $(R^2=0.1081^{***})$. But the Mg contents in tissue increased lineally with the equation of y=0.1764+0.1275x $(R^2=0.8307^{***})$. The trends of fresh weight production and Mg concentrations in petiole sap were also quadratic (y=24.127+7.3565x-$1.125x^2$, $R^2=0.2314^{^***}$) and linear (11.954+5.793x, $R^2=0.6869^{***}$), respectively. To prevent growth suppression, the Mg concentrations based on dry weight of above ground tissue and in petiole sap should be in the range of 0.30 to 0.65% and 19 to $40mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively, fer the commercial production of 'Maehyang' strawberry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.234-240
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• 2008

Anthocyanin synthesis in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa cv Maehyang) begins approximately 26 days postflowering and continued throughout fruit ripening. A set of cDNA clones encoding the anthocyanin biosynthetic enzymes were isolated from strawberry. A pair of primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through the comparison of the nucleotide sequences of homologous genes from diverse plants. Reverse transcriptase-PCRs were performed using cDNA synthesized from ripe fruit total RNA and the primers corresponding to each gene. Eight genes of the anthocyanin pathway were cloned and confirmed by sequencing to code for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-cummarate CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidine synthase (ANS), UDP-glucose:flavonoid-3-O-glucosyl-transferase (UFGT). Northern analyses showed that the corresponding genes were differentially expressed during the fruit development process. All genes except PAL were predominantly expressed in fruit. Expression of PAL, DFR and ANS was detected 10 days postflowering at the early stage of fruit development, declined for a while and sharply increased 22 days postflowering then showed a peak 34 days postflowering. The other genes, however, were not expressed up to 22 or 30 days postflowering when the initial fruit ripening events occur at the time of initiation of anthocyanin accumulation. The onset of anthocyanin synthesis in ripening strawberry coincides with a coordinated induction of the anthocyanin pathway genes, suggesting the involvement of regulatory genes. We propose that at least two different regulatory mechanisms playa role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin during color development of strawberry.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2024

'Miha' is a new strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivar, which was released by the Highland Agriculture Research Institute in 2019. The 'Miha' cultivar originates from a 2014 cross between 'Monterey' and 'Saebong No. 3', both of which exhibited excellent ever-bearing characteristics, including continuous flowering and large fruits under long-day and high temperature conditions. This new cultivar was initially named 'Saebong No. 12' after examining its characteristics and productivity during summer cultivation between 2015 and 2019. After regional adaptability tests, 'Miha' was selected from 'Saebong No. 12' as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of 'Miha' include intermediate, elliptic leaves, and strong growth. The fruits are conical and of a dark-red color. The number of leaves of 'Miha' was 21.9, which was 6.2 fewer than that of the control cultivar, 'Goha' with 28.1. The number of flower clusters of 'Miha' was similar to that of 'Goha'. The average fruit weight of 'Miha' was 13.4 g, which was 4.3 g heavier than that of 'Goha'. The fruit hardness of 'Miha' was 36.2 g·mm^-2, which was 10.1 g·mm^-2 harder than that of 'Goha'. The marketable yield of 'Miha' was 37,393 kg·ha^-1, 156% more than that of 'Goha' with 23,970 kg·ha^-1. Therefore, the new cultivar of ever-bearing strawberry 'Miha' is expected to be very popular in the export or bakery market because it is hard.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2019

This study was conducted to examine the effect of humidification and shading during cutting propagation on growth and development of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) 'Maehyang' plants at a propagation stage. The runner cuttings were stuck on Nov. 23, 2017 in propagation benches set in a Venlo-type glasshouse. Four shading treatments, no shading (control, C), 55% shading with white lawn (W55), 55% black shading net (B55), or 100% black plastic film (B100) with either an intermittent fog system (H) or without fog system. The shading and fog systems were removed 2 weeks after sticking of strawberry cuttings. A nutrient solution for strawberry, which was developed by Yamazaki, was supplied once a day with electrical conductivity (EC) $1.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and pH 5.8. Growth parameters such as plant height, longest root, crown diameter, leaf chlorophyll, leaf area and fresh and dry weight were measured at 7 days and 26 days after sticking. There was no significant difference in growth of above-aerial part of strawberry. The overall growth of the strawberry roots was better grew by providing fog than that not provide fog. The root fresh weight and root dry weight after 26 days after sticking of strawberry cutting was the best in the treatment that provided fog system without shading (CH). The longest root after 26 days after sticking of strawberry cutting was the best in the treatments that provided fog system with either 55% white lawn (W55H) and 55% black shading net (B55H). These results suggest that morphogenesis of these plants were affected by humidification and shading types. In a broader perspective, these results can be used to optimize studies of other crops grown from cuttings.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2018

Fusarium wilt on strawberry plants caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae (Fof) is a major disease in Korea. The prevalence of this disease is increasing, especially in hydroponic cultivation in strawberry field. This study assessed the effect of nutrition solution pH and electrical conductivity (EC) on Fusarium wilt in vitro and in field trials. pH levels of 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 7.5 were assayed in vitro and in field trials. EC levels at 0, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, and $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ were assayed in field trials. Mycelial growth of Fof increased with increasing pH and was highest at $25^{\circ}C$ pH 7 and lowest at $20^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0 in vitro. The incidence of Fusarium wilt was lowest in the pH 6.5 treatment and highest in the pH 5 treatment in field trials. At higher pH levels, the EC decreased in the drain solution and the potassium content of strawberry leaves increased. In the EC assay, the severity of Fusarium wilt and nitrogen content of leaves increased as the EC increased. These results indicate that Fusarium wilt is related to pH and EC in hydroponic culture of strawberry plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2005

To develop a high efficiency plant regeneration system from in vitro cultures of strawberry, cv. Yeobong, petiole and leaf explants were cultured on MS basal medium containing a combination of 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L kinetin or zeatin or benzyl amino purine (BAP) for 6 weeks, and leaf explants with dark pretreatment for a week ($T_1$), 2 weeks ($T_2$), and 4 weeks ($T_3$) were cultured on medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 3.2 mg/L zeatin under 16 hr photoperiod for 6 weeks. Shoot organogenesis was observed from the greenish calli containing minimal anthocyanin formed at proximal cutting edges of the leaf explant (57%) when cultured adaxial side on the medium, whereas was directly formed from a cutting edges of petiole explant (6.3%). Frequency of callus formation and shoot organogenesis at large size of leaf explant ($1.0{\sim}1.5\;cm^2$) was higher than small size ($0.5{\sim}1.0\;cm^2$), and dark pretreatment significantly improved the frequency of leaf explants that produced calli and shoots. The maximum frequency (87%) for shoot organogenesis was obtained from the leaf explants that transferred to a 16 hr photoperiod condition after the initial 4 weeks dark period. The improved frequency (87%) in comparision with control without dark pretreatment (27%). When the shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS basal medium, formed roots with 20 d of culture. The rooted plants were subsequently transferred to the pots and to the field.