• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2008

The fracture of facial bone usually accompanies alveolar bone fracture and dislocation or fracture of teeth. Thus, aside from the reduction of fracture, the reconstruction of occlusion through the rehabilitation of lost teeth should be considered. The dislocation of tooth after trauma accompanying alveolar bone fracture needs bone grafting in case of implant treatment. Although autogenous bone graft shows good prognosis, it has the disadvantage of requiring a secondary surgery. This is a case of a mandibular condyle head fracture accompanied by alveolar bone fracture. The condylar head fragment removed during open reduction was grafted to the alveolar bone fracture site, thereby foregoing the need for secondary surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

Objectives: The incidence and patterns of mandibular fractures vary by country and population age. This retrospective study evaluated the etiologies and patterns of mandibular fractures in children. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of 89 children (45 males and 44 females) aged 0 to 12 years who presented with mandibular fractures from July 2012 to June 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The sex, patient age, site of fracture, etiology of trauma, and monthly variations of the fractures were recorded. Descriptive statistics, the z-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis and the P-value was set at <0.05. Results: Eighty-nine children (male-to-female ratio 1.02:1) sustained 131 mandibular fractures. Within the study sample, the 6 to 9 year age group most frequently experienced fractures (47.3%). Falls and road traffic accidents (RTA) were the two most common etiological factors that accounted for 44.9% and 24.7% of cases. The condylar fracture was the most common anatomical location (38.9%) followed by the angle (20.6%), parasymphysis (18.3%), body (15.3%), and symphysis (5.3%). A single fracture (51.7%) was more common than multiple fractures (48.3%). The month-wise distribution of mandibular fractures was fairly constant. Conclusion: The condylar region was the most common anatomic site for fractures; in addition, a fall and RTA were the major etiological factors for mandibular fractures. A single fracture was observed in 51.7% of patients while multiple fracture lines accounted for 48.3% of cases.

• 지질공학
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.483-494
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• 2007

본 연구는 대단층이 발달하는 화산암 분포지역에서 암반 절취사면을 대상으로 단열의 발달특성과 이에 따른 암반분류 수정안을 제시하고자 수행되었다. 부산-울산 고속도로 건설 현장 중 해운대-기장 사이의 일광단층에 가까운 도로 절취사면 노두에서 단열계의 특성이 조사 분석되었다. 단열간격 분포의 경우 신장단열은 대수정규 분포를 보여주고 전단단열은 음의 지수 분포를 보여준다. 단열길이 누적빈도 분포 그림에서 중앙의 직선 구간이 1지점 -1.13, 2지점 -1.01, 3지점 -1.52의 지수를 가지며 멱법칙 스케일링을 지시한다. 각 지점에서 단열의 간격 및 밀도, 단열 간 교차점의 수 등을 분석하여 판단해 볼 때 암반의 안정성 및 강도는 1지점이 가장 낮고 2지점이 가장 높다. 한편, 각 지점에서 서로 연결된 단열의 최대 클러스터로 평가할 때 유체 이동의 능률은 3지점이 가장 높고 1지점이 가장 낮다. 이는 3지점이 상대적으로 단열의 길이가 긴 것들이 많으며 이들이 서로 연결하여 형성하는 최대 클러스터가 높은 비율로 전 지역에 고루 분포하고 있기 때문으로 볼 수 있다. 한편, 현장조사 자료를 토대로 응용통계기법을 이용하여 RMR 분류의 항목별 배점을 조정한 결과에 의하면, 대단층이 발달하는 화산암에서는 기존 RMR 분류 항목별 배점에 비해 현저히 다른 수정된 RMR 배점을 설정함이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과 무결암 강도는 18, RQD는 61, 불연속면 간격 2, 불연속면 조건 2, 그리고 지하수 17의 배점이 나타났다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 1999

Bone scintigraphy with $^{99m}Tc-methylene$ diphosphonate(MDP) performed for 20 weeks per two weeks interval respectively after fracture in seven(male 3 heads, female 4 heads) canine radius were analysed. All of bone scans performed 2 weeks to 20 weeks after fracture showed increase in generalized tracer uptake and showed localized increase in tracer uptake at the fracture site. Bone scans and ratio performed 6 weeks after fracture showed the most outstanding increase in generalized and localized tracer uptake. New bone formation had been observed from 2 weeks and they were incorporated completely on 18 weeks, they showed most activity during 6-10 weeks after fracture. It was recognized that the bone scan with $^{99m}Tc-methylene$ was quite sensitivity but low specificity on the fracture healing in canine radius.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2012

Purpose: Hypovolemic shock is the leading cause of death in multiple trauma patients with pelvic bone fracures. The purpose of this study was to develop a simple prediction method for injury severity and amount of hemorrhage via an analysis of the correlation between the site of pelvic bone fracture and the amount of transfusion and to verify the usefulness of the such a simple scoring system. Methods: We analyzed retrospectively the medical records and radiologic examination of 102 patients who had been diagnosed as having a pelvic bone fracture and who had visited the Emergency Department between January 2007 and December 2011. Fracture sites in the pelvis were confirmed and re-classified anatomically as pubis, ilium or sacrum. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed on the amount of transfusion, and a simplified scoring system was developed. The predictive value of the amount of transfusion for the scoring system as verified by using the receiver operating characteristics (ROC). The area under the curve of the ROC was compared with the injury severity score (ISS). Results: From among the 102 patients, 97 patients (M:F=68:29, mean $age=46.7{\pm}16.6years$) were enrolled for analysis. The average ISS of the patients was $16.2{\pm}7.9$, and the average amount of packed RBC transfusion for 24 hr was $3.9{\pm}4.6units$. The regression equation resulting from the multiple linear regression analysis was 'packed RBC units=1.40${\times}$(sacrum fracture)+1.72${\times}$(pubis fracture)+1.67${\times}$(ilium fracture)+0.36' and was found to be suitable (p=0.005). We simplified the regression equation to 'Pelvic Bleeding Score=sacrum+pubis+ilium.' Each fractured site was scored as 0(no fracture) point, 1(right or left) point, or 2(both) points. Sacrum had only 0 or 1 point. The score ranged from 0 to 5. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ROC was 0.718 (95% CI: 0.588-0.848, p=0.009). For an upper Pelvis Bleeding Score of 3 points, the sensitivity of the prediction for a massive transfusion was 71.4%, and the specificity was 69.9%. Conclusion: We developed a simplified scoring system for the anatomical fracture sites in the pelvis to predict the requirement for a transfusion (Pelvis Bleeding Score (PBS)). The PBS, compared with the ISS, is considered a useful predictor of the need for a transfusion during initial management.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

선진핵주기 고준위폐기물 처분시스템의 개념설계를 위하여 가상의 처분장 부지인 KURT 시설 부지의 지질조건에서 A-KRS의 입지 후보영역을 선정하였다. 부지의 모암은 한반도에 폭넓게 분포하는 중생대 화강암을 대표하는 것으로 열수변질작용을 받은 흔적이 있으며, 지표수와 지하수계는 일차적으로 지형의 영향을 받아 부지에서 남동진하여 금강으로 배출된다. 부지 내에서 확인된 단열대는 2 등급 규모로서 N-S와 E-W 주향으로 우세하게 분포한다. A-KRS 입지 후보영역을 제안하기 위하여 부지 내에서 공간적으로 -500 m 심도까지 발달되는 것으로 예상되는 단열대를 교차하지 않고 동시에 단열대로부터 50 m 이상의 충분한 이격거리를 갖는 조건에서 처분장 규모의 영역을 확보할 수 있는지를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 본 부지의 중앙부에 우세하게 분포하는 남북 방향의 주향을 갖는 단열대의 서쪽 영역의 -200 m 이하 심도에서 충분한 영역을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 단열대의 분포 특성을 감안할 때 부지의 좌하단 영역이 지질학적, 수리지질학적 측면에서 A-KRS 입지 영역으로 가장 양호한 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2010

Purpose: Blow-out fractures are reduced through transcutaneous or transconjunctival incisions. But the field of orbital surgery is difficult due to lack of visualization of fracture site, blind dissection of orbital floor, susceptibility of injury of orbital structures. In these situations, the former technique of using an antral balloon catheter has advantages over other methods for reconstruction because of its rapidity, simplicity, and inexpensiveness. Furthermore, the antral balloon catheter allows not only elevation of the orbital bone fragment but also expansion of the maxillary sinus in cases where there is a fracture of its walls. But postoperative follow-up method using computed tomography is expensive. Hence, we report a simple and inexpensive follow-up method using radiopaque dye inflation. Methods: We performed endoscopic transantral approach in 5 cases of blow-out fracture under general anesthesia. To accomplish this technique, a rigid 4 mm, 0 or 30 degree angled endoscopy was inserted into the maxillary sinus. Inflation of the catheter started gradually, with 10 to 15 mL of saline mixed radiopaque dye (saline: dye, 5 : 1) by syringe and while observing the elevation of the fracture site with endoscope until a proper contour was reached. For the maintain of the position of fractured site, 12 French urinary balloon foley catheter were used in fracture site for 7 - 10 days. Results: Postoperative assessment was performed by means of clinical and simple radiographic examination to secure the catheter under the inferior orbital wall and in the maxillary sinus. No specific complications occurred related to this procedure. Results of the surgery and follow-up in all cases were satisfactory. Conclusion: It may be a better alternative to the conventional follow-up method, with less cost and effectiveness of the catheter patency. The advantages of using the urinary balloon foley catheter with the radiopaque dye include the following : it is safe, efficacy, simple, and especially low cost. On drawback of this method is the discomfort to the patient caused by the catheter during the treatment.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1999

본 연구는 방사성 폐기물 처분부지의 안정성 평가검증을 위한 균열 암반내 지하수리시스템 특성연구의 일환으로 균열암반모사 및 균열망 특성을 규명하는 것으로 지하 심부에 위치하게 되는 방사성폐기물 처분부지와 입지조건이 유사한 LPG 지하비축기지를 대상으로 균열 및 수리지질특성의 규명과 연속체 모델과 불연속체 모델의 적용을 통한 지하수 유동로 해석을 실시하였다. 불연속체 모델을 통한 지하수 유동 및 용질 이동의 모사에는 균열의 방향성과 균열의 공간적 밀도가 가장 중요한 요소인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구지역에서는 3조의 균열군이 조사되었으며 균열의 공간적 밀도( $P_{32}$)는 0.85 $m^2$/㎥로 나타났다. 프로판 공동주변의 모사영역(200$\times$200$\times$200 m)에 대하여 실제로 지하수의 유동에 관여하는 투수성 균열의 밀도( $P_{32c}$)를 모사한 결과는 0.536 $m^2$/㎥로 나타났으며. 저투수성인 균열을 제거함으로서 0.26 $m^2$/㎥의 균열밀도(T- $P_{32c}$)를 갖는 모델을 재구성하여 수압터널로부터 PC 2. PC 3의 프로판 주공동으로의 유동로 분석을 실시하였다.다.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

Stress or march fractures among military personnel, especially recruits, has been appreciated for many years. According to the classical references, the second metatarsal was one of the first sites identified as a focus for march fractures and radiological evidence of fracture appeared as late as several weeks. The purpose of this study was to document the clinical feature of march fractures in Korean infantry soldiers. From 1997 to 1998, at one infantry medical company of OO infantry corps in Korea, 15 (19cases) patients with march fracture were detected among infantry soldiers. There were some different finding in the fracture site and its clinical features from the previous foreign reports. 1. There were pain and local swelling in all cases as clinical manifestation. By physical examination, direct point tenderness on the location of the fractured metatarsal shaft was characteristic. 2. On roentgenographic examination, cortical fissuring or break was seen one week after onset of symptoms and external callus was seen from two weeks or at the least four weeks. Oblique view was more useful than AP view in the diagnosis of march fractures. 3. The third metatarsal was the most frequently involved site(7 cases, 48%). and the second metatarsal was Jess frequent(3 cases, 20%). This difference of frequent site with previous reports might be attributed to the relatively long shaft of the third metatarsal, but should be analyzed in further study. 4. The incidence of the development of march fracture was 1 per 104 infantry soldiers.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was clinical review of pediatric patients with fracture that visited oriental medicine center. Methods: In retrospective study, the pediatric patients, who were visited to oriental medicine center due to fracture, were classified by sex, age, fracture site, date of accident, injury mechanism, time of treatment, kind of treatment. Results and Conclusion: Total 32 patients were visited due to fracture from April 2001 to March 2004. Male Patients were 27, female were 5. In distribution of age, 10 year-old and 11 year-old were 40.7% of totality. In distribution of month, May was 10(31.3%), June was 6(18.8%), and March was 4(12.5%). There are more patients with fracture in spring than other season. In distribution of fracture site, foot was 15(46.9%), hand was 7(21.9%), ankle was 4(12.5%), upper extremity was 3(9.4%), clavicle was 2(6.3%), tibia was 1(3.1%). In distribution of injury mechanism, slip down was 23(71.9%), impaction 5(15.6%), fall down 3(19.4%), crushing injury 1(13.1%). In distribution of injury motive, soccer was 8(25.0%), basketball 4(12.5%), skating 3(9.4%), cycling 2(6.3%), sliding 1(3.1%), Tae-kwon-do 1(3.1%), other sports 5(15.6%), collision 1(3.1%), walking 2(6.3%), hit 3(9.4%), etc. 2(6.3%). In distribution of treatment account, one time was 23(71.9%), twice 3(9.4%), three times 2(6.3%), four times 2(6.3%), five times 2(6.3%). In distribution of treatment time, 1 week was 26(81.3%), 2 weeks 4(12.5%), 3 weeks 2(6.3%). In distribution of treatment kind, acupuncture treatment was 18(56.3%), negative cupping 7(21.9%), splint 13(40.6%), and other treatment(coban taping, medical patch, and so on) 5(15.6%), transfer 14(43.8%).