• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2018

Background Mallet fracture can easily occur during sports activities or in daily life; however, the principles and methods of treatment for such fractures remain debated. Among the surgical treatments, various methods of closed reduction have been proposed. We treated patients with the extension block method (EBM) and the direct pinning method (DPM), and then compared the results. We assessed differences in range of motion and measurements of finger movement after surgery. Methods A total of 41 patients who underwent surgery from August 2013 to September 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. Among them, 21 patients were treated with the EBM and 20 patients were treated with the DPM. We then compared extensor lag, range of motion, and outcomes according to Crawford's criteria between before surgery and at 6 to 8 months postoperatively. Results The postoperative extensor lag improvement was $4.28^{\circ}$ and $10.73^{\circ}$, and the postoperative arc of motion was $55.76^{\circ}$ and $61.17^{\circ}$ in the EBM and DPM groups, respectively. The Crawford assessment showed no statistically significant difference between the groups, although the score in the DPM group was higher than that in the EBM group (3.5 vs. 3.1). Conclusions As closed reduction methods for the treatment of mallet fracture, both the EBM and DPM showed good results. However, the DPM proved to be superior to the EBM in that it produced greater improvements in extensor lag and range of motion.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Purpose: Lipogranuloma is the reaction of adipose tissue to various oils, paraffin, and other hydrocarbons injected into subcutaneous tissue for cosmetic or other reasons. The authors experienced a case of sclerosing lipogranuloma on the nasal dorsum. Methods: A 42-year-old female, without a history of the injection of any foreign materials, was admitted on our hospital for a painless, irregular, and firm mass located on her nasal dorsum with step-off deformity. It was considered that the mass had developed after augmentation rhinoplasty. The size of mass had been increased after closed reduction of nasal bone fracture. On April 2011, under general anesthesia, the mass was removed by open rhinoplasty technique. In addition, a pathologic examination was performed. After the mass extirpation, dermofat graft was performed for the correction of depression deformity. Results: The histopathological findings demonstrated a Swiss cheese pattern with variably-sized vacuoles, which corresponded to lipid removed with tissue processing, and variable foreign body giant cell reaction, fat necrosis, and hyalinized fibrous tissue. The pathologic diagnosis is lipogranuloma replacing nasalis muscle. It has been considered that sclerosing lipogranuloma is caused by nerve injury during augmentation rhinoplasty and the ointment used after the closed reduction of nasal bone fracture, which infiltrated through the injured mucosa. Conclusion: During the treatment of rhinoplasty or nasal bone fracture, the nerve injury or the ointment use can lead to lipogranuloma. Therefore, careful dissection for avoidance of the nerve injury and limited use of ointment seems to be helpful in decreasing incidence of lipogranuloma.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.151-153
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• 2015

Closed reduction is the treatment of choice for most nasal bone fractures. In this technique, the nasal bone cannot be directly visualized, proper reduction is confirmed by palpation of the bony contour. This confirmation-via-palpation is in most cases too uncomfortable or painful for patients, and this is the reason why most closed reductions of nasal bone fractures are performed under general anesthesia. Recently, ultrasonography has been adopted as a useful diagnostic method and operative adjunct. In this report, we report the use of ultrasonography as a means to provide palpation-less confirmation of proper reduction, which in turn allows for nasal bone reduction under local anesthesia.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2018

Urgent reduction is required in cases of traumatic hip dislocation to reduce the risk of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. However, in cases of femoral head fractures, the dislocated hip cannot be reduced easily, and in some cases, it can even be irreducible. This irreducibility may provoke further incidental iatrogenic fractures of the femoral neck. In an irreducible hip dislocation, without further attempting for closed reduction, an immediate open reduction is recommended. This can prevent iatrogenic femoral neck fracture or avascular necrosis of the femoral head, and save the natural hip joint.

• CELLMED
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.43.1-43.8
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• 2023

Objective: A case report of pain relief and fracture recovery by ortho-cellular nutrition therapy in a patient with 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal fractures (closed). Methods: A Korean woman in her 50s was diagnosed with 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal fractures (closed) with severe initial pain and fractures. Surgery was recommended but could not be performed immediately due to her situations at work. Results: With OCNT performed immediately after the fracture, the pain completely disappeared, and even during subsequent recovery, recovery was faster than in other fracture cases. Conclusion: OCNT may help patients with similar problems relieve symptoms and recover.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.8-11
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• 2008

Purpose: The majority of nasal bone fractures have been managed by routine procedure of closed reduction, intranasal packing or intranasal Kirschner wire (K-wire) splinting. But it leaves rooms for many complaints from patients such as pain, rhinorrhea and nasal obstructioon. Another option is, of course, no packing at all. The study was initiated to assess the necessity to pack or splint the nasal bone after routine closed reduction. Methods: We analysed the medical records of 35 patients with nasal bone fracture who were operated by closed reduction in the last 2 years. We evaluated the postoperative CT scan scores and external deviation criterias 1 month after the operation. Results: The postoperative deviation criteria and postoperative CT scan score were favorable and there were no serious complications using this technique. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that the use of packing or splinting need not be routine in the majority of cases. The risks and discomforts associated with these procedures can often be avoided.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results and determine appropriate methods of surgical treatment about type II talar neck fracture. Materials and Methods: Among nineteen patients who received surgical treatment for type II talar neck fracture from May 2000 to May 2005. Fourteen patients with a follow-up period of more than 1 year were divided into two groups. Six patients reduced by closed reduction (Group A) with screw fixation and eight patients reduced by open reduction with screw fixation. We analyzed preoperative, postoperative and follow-up simple radiographs and reviewed patient hospital records retrospectively. Clinical results were evaluated by Hawkins scoring system. We analyzed pain, limp, range of motion of ankle and subtalar joint. Results: Five patients (83.3%) in group A and seven patients (87.7%) in group B had excellent and good clinical results. There were no complications including avascular necrosis, delayed union, nonunion. Conclusion: Closed reduction with screw fixation of talar neck fracture shows correct reduction and satisfactory results. But because of short term period of follow-up, we need long term results.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.222-227
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• 1998

This survey was based on the data of one hundred four dogs with 108 case,T of fracture admitted to the veterinary teaching hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University and 24 private small animal hospitals from January, 1995 to Decemberi 1996. The results were analyzed as following criteria; the distribution of fractures causes of fractured age and sexual distributions month of the most frequencel total body weights presence of communicating external wound, extent of damaged direction of fracture line, location of fracture liner fracture managements fixations methods, fixations methods according to location of fracture. The results of survey were as follow: 1. Main distribution of fracture; radius . ulna (23.1%).2. Causes of fracture; road toraffic accident (39.4 T,). 3. Age; over 24 months (27.9%). 4. Sex; male (53.89)), female (46.2%). 5. Month of the most frequence; July (14.4%) 6. Total body weight: 2-5 kg (45.27)). 7. Presence of communicating external wound; closed fracture (94.2%). 8. Extent of damage; complete fracture (92.6%). 9. Direction of fracture line: comminuted fracture (27.8 To). 10. Location of fracture line; diaphysis (62.0%). 11. Fracture management; open reduction (58.3% ). 12. Fixation methods; not treat (22.2%). 13. Fixation methods according to location of fracture; radius ulna-Kirschner wire fixation (45.5%), femur. shaft-intramedullary pinning (71.4%), pelvis-bone plate (53.3%), metacarpus-not treat, Kirschner wire fixation (each 30.8%).

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.521-528
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• 2010

Purpose: Anatomical reduction of the fractured condylar process is an important prerequisite for re-establishing function. The authors reported about effectiveness of transoral approach for mandibular subcondyle fracture using trochar device in cases that the fracture line is below the reference line, the perpendicular line of the longitudinal axis of condylar process passing the lowest point of sigmoid notch. As a serial study, we report the open reduction via preauricular approach for mandibular condyle fracture, in cases that the fracture line is above the reference line. Patients and Methods: Sixteen condylar fractures of 15 adult patients were divided two groups and treated by open reduction via preauricular approach (8 cases) or by closed reduction (8 cases). The degree of maximal mouth opening, occlusion, anatomical reduction, condylar resorption and complications were assessed and evaluated for the two groups. Results: The open reduction of condyle via preauricular approach leads to good results without permanent complications. Anatomical reduction of open reduction group and maximal mouth opening range of the closed reduction group is significantly better than the other group. No significant differences were found in the condylar resorption and the occlusion. Conclusion: The preauricular approach was useful to reduce and fix the condylar fragment, in cases that the fracture line is above the reference line.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-6
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• 2020

Nowadays, the incidence of nasal bone fracture is increasing because of social complexity with frequent social activity, and reduction of fractures is relatively simple and can be corrected in short operation time. However, the postoperative results are known to be less satisfied with higher complication rates relatively. These problems could have resulted from inaccurate recognition and interpretation of fracture aspect, inaccurate planning of operation resulting in under or overcorrection, ignoring septal management, complication related nasal packings with removal, postoperative management, and patient satisfaction with complication.