• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-30
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• 1995

We established the model of clonogenic assay with cancer cell lines such as SW-156(kidney), SNU-5(stomach), Hep G2(liver), and WiDr(colon), and we investigated anticancer effect of hydrophobic protein fraction(N-fraction) from Korea red ginseng by using this model. The results of clonogenic assay showed that N-fraction had anticancer activity against SNU-5 above 100 $0.2\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentration, and did not exhibit anticancer activity against cell lines such as SW-156, WiDr, and Hep G2 up to 1,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentration. This result suggests that N-fraction has specially anti-stomach cancerous effect.

• Multiscale and Multiphysics Mechanics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2016

In this study, an influence of local variation of nanoparticulate volume fraction on the homogenized elastic properties is investigated. It is well known that interface effect is dependent on the radius and volume fraction of reinforced nanofillers. However, there is no study on the multiscale modeling and analysis of polymer nanocomposites including polydispersed nanoparticles with consideration of interphase zone, which is dependent on the volume fraction of corresponding nanoparticles. As results of numerical examples, it is confirmed that an influence of local variation of nanoparticulate volume fraction should be considered for non-dilute system such as cluster of nanoparticles. Therefore representative volume element analysis is conducted by considering local variation of nanoparticle volume fraction in order to analyze the practical size of cell including hundreds of nanoparticles. It is expected that this study could be extended to the multiparticulate nanocomposite systems including polydispersed nanoparticles.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 1994

Effect of ginsenoside mixture, ginsenoside $Rb_1$,$Rb_2$,$Rg_1$ and the fat soluble fraction of the roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on the activity of glucokinase (GK) in vitro has been observed and found that GK activity was increased about 15c1c at the concentration of ginsenoside mixture and/or the fat soluble fraction being $10^{-7}$,$10^{-5}$%. It was also observed that glucose uptake by rat liver was increased in the presence of either ginsenoside mixture or the fat soluble fraction by perfusion technique. Ginsenoside mixture stimulated various enzymes related to glucose metabolism, however, both ginsenoside mixture and the fat soluble fraction did not stimulate GK activity as expected. Primary culture of liver cells showed that the ginsenoside mixture and the fat soluble fraction increased GK activity significantly and they stimulated the GK activity synergistically in the co-presence of insulin.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2023

Ethyl acetate (EA) soluble fraction of the Berberis amurensis (Berberidaceae) methanol extract showed the potent DPPH radical scavenging activity through Caenorhabditis elegans model system. The EA fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, SOD-3 expression was conducted using a transgenic strain (CF1553) to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the EA fraction. As a result, the EA soluble fraction of B. amurensis increased SOD and catalase activity, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the EA fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.387-399
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• 2014

The ratios of any two Fibonacci numbers are expressed by means of semisimple continued fraction.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.603-607
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• 2005

We give an integral representation for an analogous continued fraction of Ramanujan, for this we first prove an interesting identity.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.193-212
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• 2017

This study focuses on cuisenaire rods that can be used when teaching fractions to elementary school students. First of all, this study critically examines the use of cuisenaire rods in learning of fraction proposed by various researches. Then, based on this review, this study explores in detail the use of cuisenaire rods in teachers' manuals developed from the revised curriculum by 2009 and in lessons related to fraction. The results of this study show that there are subtle differences in how to use cuisenaire rods in learning fractions and these subtle differences have a significant impact on students' understanding of the fractions. Therefore, the teachers should be able to accurately grasp the differences and utilize appropriate methods for teaching purpose. The followings are some of the implications for teachers or textbook developers when using cuisenaire rods in fraction learning: First, we should use cuisenaire rods in ways that can fully exploit the interpretations of the fraction as a part-whole and the fraction as a ratio. Second, we should focus on quantitative reasoning with unit to determine what each cuisenaire rod refers to. Third, it is necessary to take a more careful and sensitive approach to the use of cuisenaire rods. Teachers and textbook developers should constantly explore ways to make good use of mathematical manipulatives to help students understand conceptually in fractional learning. Furthermore, when teaching various mathematical topics using different manipulatives, I expect that there will be sufficient discussions and specific studies on how to use each of these manipulatives.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.195-202
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• 2015

Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion is used as a tonic agent in traditional oriental medicine. However, the molecular mechanism of mast cell-mediated anti-inflammatory modulation has not been fully understood. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the effects of Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion eathyl acetate fraction on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as to elucidate its mechanism of action in the human mast cell line (HMC-1). Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus A23187 in the presence or absence of Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion eathyl acetate fraction. Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion eathyl acetate fraction significantly inhibited the PMA plus A23187-induction of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Moreover, EtOAc fraction attenuated cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. In activated HMC-1 cells, phosphorylation of extra-signal response kinase (ERK) 1/2 decreased after treatment with EtOAc fraction. Moreover EtOAc fraction inhibited PMA plus A23187-induced nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activation, $I{\kappa}B$ degradation. EtOAc fraction suppressed the expression of TNF-$\alpha$, IL-6, IL-8 through a decrease in the ERK 1/2, as well as activation of NF-${\kappa}B$. These results indicated that Cnidium monnieri (L). Cussion EtOAc fraction exerted a regulatory effect on inflammatory reactions mediated by mast cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

The Vegetation cover is a significant factor to comprehend characteristics of the ground surface for meterological and hydrological models, which measure energy in the atmosphere or predict the runoff of ground surface. Deardorff introduced vegetation cover fraction to quantitatively comprehend the vegetation cover in 1978. After Deardorff, most of previous researches were conducted on low-resolution or high-resolution images, but only few researches on Landsat that are in medium-resolution images. Therefore, this study aims to investigate a way of calculating the vegetation cover fraction by using NDVI of Landsat images, which were hardly handled previously. For accurate vegetation cover fraction, we compared the evaluated parameters from this study with past vegetation cover fraction parameters that have been calculated for using NDVI of Landsat OLI images. The result of research was shown that NDVI is quite correlated with the vegetation fraction cover in the previous researches. In fact, RMSE of vegetation cover fraction values that obtained through the suggested parameters on this study showed the highest accuracy of 7.3% among all the cases.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 1989

In order to fractionate sardine oil by different solvents for an effective use of fish oil being subjected to the limit of use, an attempt was to investigate the proper solvents, ratios and fractionation time. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The proper solvent of fractionation using ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and hexane was ethanol, and its optimum ratio was 2:1 (ethanol: oil, v/w). The proper time of ethanol fractionation by the ratio (2:1) was 4hr at $10^{\circ}C$, 6hr at $5^{\circ}C$, 8hr at $0^{\circ}C$and 8hr at $-5^{\circ}C$, respectively. 2. In the fractionation by stages using the ratio (2:1) at each temperature, the yield of stearine was 8％ at $10^{\circ}C$ (Fraction I), 32％ at $5^{\circ}C$ (Fraction II), 7％ at $0^{\circ}C$ (Fraction III) and 10％ at $0^{\circ}C$ (Fraction IV), respectively. When ethanol fractionation was undertaken at $5^{\circ}C$ by stages, the yield of stearine (Fraction II) was high. 3. Iodine value of Fraction II was 96.8. This result indicated that the hydrogenation process would be simplified by fractionation. 4. The percentage of the decrease of polyenoic acids from original sardine oil to Fraction II oil was from 30.5％ to 13.5％. The major fatty acids of Fraction II were palmitic and oleic acids and these fatty acids were about 52％ of total fatty acids. Therefore, Fraction II, which remained liquid oil at room temperature because solid fat content was 6.9％ at $20^{\circ}C$, would be used as frying oil.