• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 1993

For the purpose of supplying the information to improve the acceptability of soy paste as the condi-ment, the changes of peptide were determined. The results were as follows; Average peptide length were decreased. It was 102 at 0 day, 15 at 10 day and 4.1 at 180 day. Peptide fraction were the same as in 60 day and 180 day. Low molecular weight peptide were not changed greatly during fermention. Peptide identified in 180 day fermentation were Ala-Ser, Gly-Glu, Glu-Ser, Asp-Glu, Asp- Tyr, Asp-Ala-Ser, Ala-Ser-Glu, Glu-Ser-Ala, and Ala-Lys-Met. In the characteristics of bitter peptide in 180 day fermentation, soy paste itself didn't show bitter taste', solvent extration fraction I'showed bitter taste. After gel chromatography, fraction I, fraction II and fraction III were obtained and fraction II were bitter peptide of low molecular weight. After gel chromatography', solvent extration fraction 2'(water extration) were divided into fraction IV, V, VI,VII and VIII. Fraction IV, V and VI showed bitter taste. Amino acids composition of the fractions showing bitter taste were like that; fr. 1: Glu- (Asp, Pro, Val, lie or Leu)-Met fr. II Pro-(Glu, Val, Phe)-lle or Leu fr. IV: Glu-(Asp, Ala, Tyr, Leu of lie)-Phe fr. V: Ala-(Met, Glu, Pro)-lle or Leu fr. VI: Asp-(Phe, Ser, fly)-Val.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.240-251
• /
• 1992

To find antitumor components from higher fungi, the cultured mycelia of Paxillus atrotomentosus were extracted with hot water. The water soluble fraction was purified and separated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration method. The separated fractions(Fr.) were designated CR A, B, C and D. Fr. A showed the highest inhibition ratio of 68.51% among the five tractions at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. When Fr. A was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it increased the amount of the superoxide anion from activated macrophages to 1.1 fold and the number of plaques in hemolytic plaque assay to 2.3 fold, respectively. Otherwise, it did not show direct cytotoxity in sarcoma 180. Delayed type hypersensitiyity reaction showed that the decreased footpad swelling of tumor-hearing was restored to the normal. These results indicate that antitumor activity was exerted through immunopotentiation. Its chemical analysis showed 86.36% polysaccharide, 1.52% protein and 1.64% hexosamine. The polysaccharide consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose. This component was named paxillan.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.13 no.1 s.38
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2006

Ultrasonic soldering of Si-wafer to FR-4 PCB at ambient temperature was investigated. The UBM of Si-substrate was Cu/ Ni/ Al from top to bottom with thickness of $0.4{\mu}m,\;0.4{\mu}m$, and $0.3{\mu}m$ respectively. The pad on FR-4 PCB comprised of Au/ Ni/ Cu from top to bottom with thickness of $0.05{\mu}m,\;5{\mu}m$, and $18{\mu}m$ respectively. Sn-3.5wt%Ag foil rolled to $100{\mu}m$ was used for solder. The ultrasonic soldering time was varied from 0.5 s to 3.0 s and the ultrasonic power was 1,400 W. The experimental results show that a reliable bond by ultrasonic soldering at ambient temperature was obtained. The shear strength increased with soldering time up to a maximum of 65 N at 2.5 s. The strength decreased to 34 N at 3.0 s because cracks were generated along the intermetallic compound between Si-wafer and Sn-3.5wt%Ag solder. The Intermetallic compound produced by ultrasonic soldering between the Si-wafer and the solder was $(Cu,Ni)_{6}Sn_{5}$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.324-336
• /
• 1992

On the five interspecific protoplast fusants of Ganoderma lucidum and G. applanatum was the antitumor test performed. The fusant F-2 was selected, to examine the cultured mycelia (protein bound polysaccharide) as antitumor components. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day of each components purifed from F-2 fusant was, i.p., injected into ICR mice, the inhibition ratio of Fr. II against the solid form of sarcoma 180 increased to 1.5 times as compared with that of their parents. When Fr. II was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it increased the amount of the superoxide anion in activated macrophages to 1.2 times and the count of hemolytic plaque forming cells in the spleen to 4.3 times as compared with that of each control group. Its chemical analysis showed 85.2% polysaccharide which consisted of glucose, galactose, mannose, fucose and xylose, and 0.39% protein of 15 amino acids. The content of hexosamine was 0.39% and the molecular weight of Fr. V was $5.6{\times}10^4$ dalton.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.163-169
• /
• 2019

Sn-Pb solder alloys in electronics rapidly has been replaced to Pb free solder alloys because of various environmental regulations such as restriction of hazardous substances directive (RoHS), European Union waste electrical, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), registration evaluation authorization and of chemicals (REACH) etc. Because Sn58%Bi (in wt.%) solder alloy has low melting point and higher mechanical properties than that of Sn-Pb solder, it has been studied to manufacture electronic components. However, the reliability of Sn58%Bi solder could be lowered because of the brittleness of Bi element included in the solder alloy. Therefore, we observed the microstructures of Sn58%Bi composite solders with various contents of Sn-decorated multiwalled carbon nanotube (Sn-MWCNT) particles and evaluated bonding strength of the FR-4 components assembled with Sn58%Bi composite solder. Also, microstructures and bonding strengths of the Sn58%Bi composite solder joints were evaluated with the number of reflows from 1 to 7 times, respectively. Bonding strengths and fracture energies of the Sn58%Bi composite solder joints were measured by die shear test. Microstructures and fracture modes were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microstructures in the Sn58%Bi composite solder joints were finer than that of only Sn58%Bi solder joint. Bonding strength and fracture energy of Sn58%Bi composite solder including 0.1 wt.% of Sn-decorated MWCNT particles increased up to 20.4% and 15.4% at 5 times in reflow, respectively.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2018

This paper describes the fabrication and heat transfer property of 50 watts rated LED array module where multiple chips are mounted on chip-on-board type ceramic-metal hybrid substrate with high heat dissipation property for high power street and anti-explosive lighting system. The high heat transfer ceramic-metal hybrid substrate was fabricated by conformal coating of thick film glass-ceramic and silver pastes to form insulation and conductor layers, using thick film screen printing method on top of the high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy heat-spreading panel, then co-fired at $515^{\circ}C$. A comparative LED array module with the same configuration using epoxy resin based FR-4 PCB with thermalvia type was also fabricated, then the thermal properties were measured with multichannel temperature sensors and thermal resistance measuring system. As a result, the thermal resistance of the ceramic-metal hybrid substrate in the $4{\times}9$ type LEDs array module exhibited about one third to the value as that of FR-4 substrate, implying that at least triple performance of heat transfer property as that of FR-4 substrate was realized.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.39 no.3 s.260
• /
• pp.201-207
• /
• 2006

Background: Percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) provides passive support of gas exchange and perfusion, allowing the use of other methods of care for organ recovery, and saves lives of patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure in a wide variety of clinical settings with a minimal risk of bleeding and need for chest re~ exploration. We summarized a single center's experiences with PCPS in patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest due to the ischemic heart disease. Material and Method: Among the 20 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest from May 1999 to June 2005, Biopump (Medtronic, Inc, Minneapolis, MN) was used in 7 patients and the self-priming, heparin-coated circuit of EBS (Terumo, Japan) was applied to remaining 13 patients. Most of cannulations were performed percutaneously via femoral arteries and veins. The long venous cannulas of DLP (Medtronic inc. Minneapolis, MN) or the RMI (Edwards's lifescience LLC, Irvine, CA) were used with the arterial cannulae from 17 Fr to 21 Fr and the venous cannula from 21 Fr to 28 Fr. Result: The 20 consecutive patients who were severely compromised and received PCPS for the purpose of resuscitation were comprised of 13 cardiac arrests and 7 cardiogenic shocks in which by-pass surgery was performed in 11 patients and 9 ongoing PCls under the cardiopulmonary support. The mean support time on the PCPS was 38$\pm$42 hours. Of the 20 patients implanted with PCPS, 11 patients ($55\%$) have had the PCPS removed successfully; overall, 8 of these patients ($40\%$) were discharged from the hospital in an average surviving time for 27$\pm$17 days after removing the PCPS and survived well with 31$\pm$30 months of follow-up after the procedure. Conclusion: The use of PCPS appears to provide the hemodynamic restoration, allowing the survival of patients in cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock who would otherwise not survive, and patients receiving PCPS had a relatively long-term survival.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.11
• /
• pp.1658-1665
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out on thirty men to define the association of inflammatory markers with physiological factors on one-time aerobic exercise (for 15 min. Post-exercise interleukin-6 (IL-6), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and pulsatility and resistance index of middle cerebral artery (PI and RI, respectively) levels were elevated compared to those measured pre-exercise. Total leukocyte and platelet counts, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), free radical (FR), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels tended to decrease after exercise. Pre-exercise IL-6 levels were positively correlated with pre-exercise SBP levels, while post-exercise IL-6 level was positively correlated with post-exercise PI and RI levels. Post-exercise, hs-CRP levels were negatively related to SBP and HR. Pre-exercise, FR levels were positively associated to SBP, DBP, and HR. Post-exercise FR levels were negatively related to the post-exercise blood flow velocity in middle cerebral artery. Pre-exercise erythrocyte indices (RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels) were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6 levels. Post-exercise FR levels were inversely related to post-exercise total leukocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and MCH levels. Pre-exercise $Mg^{++}$ levels were in inverse proportion to pre-exercise IL-6, hs-CRP, or FR levels. These findings suggest that one-time aerobic exercise offers a significant relationship between inflammatory markers and some biochemical markers or electrolytes. Further studies need to be carried out for investigation of differences between genders or age groups following one-time or regular aerobic exercise.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.128-137
• /
• 2012

This paper deals with the local scour around a pipeline exposed to combined waves and current in the shallow water zone. To investigate the characteristics of the scour around a pipeline on the sea bed, experiments were performed according to the various pipe diameters, wave periods, wave heights, and current velocities. Wave generator and current generator were used for the experiments. Two current directions were used ; co-direction and counter direction to the waves. With the experimental results, the correlations between the scour depths and non-dimensional parameters such as Keulegan-Carpenter number(KC), Froude number(Fr), Ursell number(Ur) and velocity ratio were analysed. The relative scour depths were found obviously to be dominated by the wave component when the velocity ratio function approaches zero and those are gorverned by the current component when the velocity ratio approaches unity. Velocity ratio function was approved to be a proper parameter which is able to express the change of the scour in the combined wave and current zone. Also considering the orbital velocity and the current velocity into Fr numer and KC number respectively, scour depths show more favorable correlationship with the parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1973

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanism of Diels-Alder reaction by assuming pseudo molecular complex (PMC) which has characters both of ionic and radical bonds. We treated this complex quantum-chemically as an intermediate between the configuration without charge transfer (radical bond character) and the configuration corresponding to the charge transfer from Diene (R) to Dienophile (S) (ionic bond character). The wave function for the complex could be expressed as: ${\psi}_{complex} = {\psi}(R,S) +{ \rho}{\psi}(R^+,S^-)$ where ${\rho}$ is the extent of charge transfer which is a constant to measure the ionic character of PMC. It has been noticed that${\rho}$is related to the difference between Fr + Fr' and Fs + Fs' in free valence (F) when R is united to S through atom r in R to atom s in S and atom r' in R to atom s' in S, That is, ${\rho}{\alpha}$ ${\Delta}F = (Fr + Fr') - (Fs + Fs')$. We have calculated ${\Delta}F$values for more than forty Diels-Alder reactions. The calculated values of ${\Delta}F$ is reversely proportional to the values of Brown's paralocalization energy (Lp) as well as Dewar's differences of delocalization energy$({\Delta}Edeloc.)$ with good linearity. This approach also presents a way of predicting the possibility and the easiness of diene synthesis between any two conjugate compounds. According to the considerations, it could be concluded that Diels-Alder reaction takes place through the united ionic-radical mechanism rather than the separated ionic or radical mechanism.