• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.143-151
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• 1996

The concept of cellular manufacturing is to decompose a manufacturing system into subsystems, which are easier to manage than the entire manufacturing system. The objective of cellular manufacturing is to group parts with similar processing requirements into part families and machines into cells which meet the processing needs of part families assigned to them. This paper presents a methodology for cell formation based on genetic algorithm which produces improved cell formation in terms of total moves, which is a weighted sum of both intercell moves and intracell moves. A sample problem is solved for two, three and four cells with an approach based on genetic algorithms.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.662-667
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• 2023

Allantoin is an abundant component of yams and has been known as a skin protectant due to its pharmacological activities. In previous methods for allantoin determination using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the separation was unsatisfactory. We herein developed a ¹H quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) method for quantification of allantoin in the flesh and peel of yams. The method was carried out based on the relative ratio of signals integration of allantoin to a certain amount of the internal standard dimethyl sulfone (DMSO₂) and validated in terms of specificity, linearity (range 62.5-2000 ㎍/ml), sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) 4.63 and 14.03 ㎍/ml, respectively), precision (RSD% 0.02-0.26), and recovery (86.35-92.11%). The method was then applied for the evaluation of allantoin in flesh and peel extracts of four different yams cultivated in Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.181-192
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• 2023

Blockchain system brought innovation in the area of accounting, credit monitoring and trade secrets. Consensus algorithm that considered the central component of blockchain, significantly influences performance and security of blockchain system. In this paper we presented four consensus protocols specifically as Proof of Work (PoW), Proof of Stake (PoS), Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Practical Byzantine Fault-Tolerance (PBFT), we also reviewed different security threats that affect the performance of Consensus Protocols and precisely enlist their counter measures. Further we evaluated the performance of these Consensus Protocols in tabular form based on different parameters. At the end we discussed a comprehensive comparison of Consensus protocols in terms of Throughput, Latency and Scalability. We presume that our results can be beneficial to blockchain system and token economists, practitioners and researchers.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1976

The blood proteins of ten reptilian species were studied by cellulose acetate elctrophoresis. Three members examined of the genus Agkistrodon have unusually similar patterns in plasma protein, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. On the basis of their electrophoretic patterns, it was concluded that Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus was closely related to the others. In general the plasma protein patterns reflect species specificity. Under the conditions employed, all snakes had a single hemoglobin band except Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum which showing two component patterns. Two members of the Chelonia showed four bands of hemoglobin. The zymograms indicated a distinct divergence in blood proteins of the Squamata from those of the Chelonia. The results reflected superficially the established phylogenies of these groups.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.6 s.122
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• pp.325-333
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• 2004

Birds were censused to investigate the composition of landscape structure for bird diversity around Ulsan between May and November 2002. Associations with three main categories of habitat variables were evaluated: 1) amount and type of forest; 2) residual habitats not classified as forest or crops; 3) land-use variables. Cluster analysis of bird community shows the highest forest variables of $79.06\%$, and the others are residual habitat variables ($17.98\%$), land-use variables ($2.94\%$) in spring, and forest variables of $57.77\%$, land-use variables ($23.16\%$), residual habitat variables ($18.47\%$) in autumn, respectively. In Principal Component Analysis of a total of 196 sites, the populations are strongly correlated to Component I ($54.8\%$) based forest habitats and to Component II based on land-use. Species preferring sites were clearly separated with heterogenous forest along the first axis. In autumn, the populations are moderately correlated to Component I based land-use and to component II based forest habitats. Species preferring local habitats were also clearly separated. Fifty three species of 1,700 birds were recorded: Brown-eared Bulbul, Vinous-throated Parrotbill, Great Tit, Tree Sparrow and Black-billed Magpie accounted for over $60\%$ of the observed birds in spring and autumn. The important species were Brown-eared Bulbul, Vinous-throated Parrotbill, Great Tit and Tree Sparrow in spring and autumn. Four habitats in terms of their species richness were computed as follows: Wonhyosan has the highest an expected species number, $E[S_{59}]=19$. Moonsusan has the lowest expected species number, $E[S_{59}]=17$ in spring. In autumn, Kuenamsan has the highest expected species number, $E[S_{63}]=16$. Moonsusan has the lowest expected species number, $E[S_{63}]=12$. Pairwise similarity declined with increasing distance between recording site and recording site from Moonsusan-Wonhyosan (0.62), the same geographical regions clustered separately in a UPGMA cluster tree in spring, and in autumn from Moonsusan-ChungJoksan (0.53).

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.25-44
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• 2013

Accessing movie contents has become easier and increased with the advent of smart TV, IPTV and web services that are able to be used to search and watch movies. In this situation, there are increasing search for preference movie contents of users. However, since the amount of provided movie contents is too large, the user needs more effort and time for searching the movie contents. Hence, there are a lot of researches for recommendations of personalized item through analysis and clustering of the user preferences and user profiles. In this study, we propose recommendation system which uses ontology based knowledge base. Our ontology can represent not only relations between metadata of movies but also relations between metadata and profile of user. The relation of each metadata can show similarity between movies. In order to build, the knowledge base our ontology model is considered two aspects which are the movie metadata model and the user model. On the part of build the movie metadata model based on ontology, we decide main metadata that are genre, actor/actress, keywords and synopsis. Those affect that users choose the interested movie. And there are demographic information of user and relation between user and movie metadata in user model. In our model, movie ontology model consists of seven concepts (Movie, Genre, Keywords, Synopsis Keywords, Character, and Person), eight attributes (title, rating, limit, description, character name, character description, person job, person name) and ten relations between concepts. For our knowledge base, we input individual data of 14,374 movies for each concept in contents ontology model. This movie metadata knowledge base is used to search the movie that is related to interesting metadata of user. And it can search the similar movie through relations between concepts. We also propose the architecture for movie recommendation. The proposed architecture consists of four components. The first component search candidate movies based the demographic information of the user. In this component, we decide the group of users according to demographic information to recommend the movie for each group and define the rule to decide the group of users. We generate the query that be used to search the candidate movie for recommendation in this component. The second component search candidate movies based user preference. When users choose the movie, users consider metadata such as genre, actor/actress, synopsis, keywords. Users input their preference and then in this component, system search the movie based on users preferences. The proposed system can search the similar movie through relation between concepts, unlike existing movie recommendation systems. Each metadata of recommended candidate movies have weight that will be used for deciding recommendation order. The third component the merges results of first component and second component. In this step, we calculate the weight of movies using the weight value of metadata for each movie. Then we sort movies order by the weight value. The fourth component analyzes result of third component, and then it decides level of the contribution of metadata. And we apply contribution weight to metadata. Finally, we use the result of this step as recommendation for users. We test the usability of the proposed scheme by using web application. We implement that web application for experimental process by using JSP, Java Script and prot$\acute{e}$g$\acute{e}$ API. In our experiment, we collect results of 20 men and woman, ranging in age from 20 to 29. And we use 7,418 movies with rating that is not fewer than 7.0. In order to experiment, we provide Top-5, Top-10 and Top-20 recommended movies to user, and then users choose interested movies. The result of experiment is that average number of to choose interested movie are 2.1 in Top-5, 3.35 in Top-10, 6.35 in Top-20. It is better than results that are yielded by for each metadata.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 1986

To obtain basic information needed for developing better pearl barley varieties, a total of 148 lines of pearl barley were collected from nationwide survey except for Kangwon and Chejoo provinces and classified by principal component analysis. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Variabilities of characters for all lines except for leaf width and 100 K. Wt.(Unpolished) were high enough to indicate variation of lines. 2. Correlation coefficients among 18 characters were high enough and they showed the shape of normal distribution, more or less, inclined toward positive values. 3. The lines could be classified into four groups by correlation coefficient for 18 characters : Group I was characterized as the lines composed of grain and plant type, Group II maturity, Group III the number of tillers, and Group IV the nature of germination, respectively. 4. About 60% of the total variation could be appreciated by the first four principal components and about 89% of the total variation by the first ten principal components. 5. Contribution of characters to principal components was variable and was high at upper principal components and low at lower principal components. 6. The value of eigen vector corresponding to those which had high significant correlation coefficient between characters was almost of the same value. 7. The lines were classified into four groups by principal component analysis. 8. The lines were also classified into four groups by taxonomic distance. Group I included 79 lines, Group II 40 lines, Group III 22 lines, and Group IV 7 lines, respectively. 9. Four groups classified by taxonomic distance could be characterized as follow : Group I : medium height plant, small kernels, medium maturity, and narrow and short leaf, Group II : short height plant, small kernels, early maturity, and narrow and short leaf. Group III : tall height plant, large kernels, late maturity, and broad and long leaf. Group IV : short height plant, large kernels, medium maturity, and narrow and short leaf.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.53-66
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• 2008

This research is to the establishment of a conceptual framework that supports road characteristic classification from a new point of view in order to complement of the existing road functional classification and examine of traffic pattern. The road characteristic classification(RCC) is expected to use important performance criteria that produced a policy guidelines for transportation planning and operational management. For this study, the traffic data used the permanent traffic counters(PTCs) located within the national highway between 2002 and 2006. The research has described for a systematic review and assessment of how exploratory factor analysis should be applied from 12 explanatory variables. The optimal number of components and clusters are determined by interpretation of the factor analysis results. As a result, the scenario including all 12 explanatory variables is better than other scenarios. The four components is produced the optimal number of factors. This research made contributions to the understanding of the exploratory factor analysis for the road characteristic classification, further applying the objective input data for various analysis method, such as cluster analysis, regression analysis and discriminant analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.6 no.3 s.21
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• pp.75-82
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• 2006

This study investigates the influence of various blending factors on cement paste fluidity and find out the most effective evaluation method of cement paste flow, comparing flow test apparatuses such as ring flow(R-F), flow cone(F-C) and mini slump(M-S). A viscometer also measures the rheology coefficients to secure faithful numerical data. Firstly, series I examines cement paste, affected by several cement products and mineral admixture types in the range of W/B 40%, ordinary fluidity, and W/B 30%, high fluidity. In this series, the three types of cement product depended on companies, are randomly used and the mineral admixture, such as fly ash, blast furnace slag and silica fume, are incorporated in the cement paste, in response to the ratio of 10, 20, to 30%, respectively. In addition, series II studies various chemical admixture types, affecting the cement paste. This series is carried out with manufacturing companies and component types in the range of W/C 30%, high fluidity. For the manufacturing companies, randomly four products are used and for the component types, polycaboxylate, melamine, naphthalene and lignosulfonate type are chosen. Test results showed that in the fluidity test of cement paste considering various types of blending factors, R-F exhibited similar tendency with F-C and M-S. In the analysis of consistency curves measured by viscometer, the fluidity evaluation method using flow test apparatuses was significantly effective, except for the some of the low fluidity specimens. In conclusion of this study, R-F was the most convenient, faithful and effective fluidity evaluation method of cement paste.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1631-1635
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• 2007

Japanese Brown cattle, one of the four domestic beef breeds in Japan, are suffering from numerical reduction due to economic pressure from profitable breeds. In this study, all the reproductive cows in the Kouchi sub-breed of the Japanese Brown cattle that were alive in July 2005 were investigated by pedigree analysis to clarify genetic structure and composition of genetic variability. In addition, genetically important individuals for the maintenance of genetic variability of the sub-breed were also identified through the core set method. The number of cows analyzed was 1,349. Their pedigrees were traced back to ancestors born around 1940, and pedigree records of 13,157 animals were used for the analysis. Principal component analysis was performed on the relationship matrix of the cows, and their factor loadings were plotted on a three-dimensional diagram. According to their spatial positions in the diagram, all the cows were subdivided into five genetically distinctive subpopulations of 131 to 437 animals. Genetic diversity of the whole sub-breed, which is estimated to be 0.901, was decomposed into 0.856 and 0.045 of within-subpopulation and between-subpopulation components. Recalculation of genetic diversity after removal of one or several subpopulations from the five subpopulations suggested that three of them were genetically important for the maintenance of genetic variability of the sub-breed. Applying the core set method to all the cows, maximum attainable genetic diversity was estimated to be 0.949, and optimal genetic contributions assigned to each cow supported the previous results indicating relative importance of the three subpopulations as useful genetic materials.