• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2004

It was investigated whether developmental characteristics of foundation queens of Bombus ignitus collected in the 4 localities in Korea would be affected by the first oviposition days of them. The first ovipostion day was classified as 1-4 days (immediate early), 5-6days (early), 7-10 days (delayed early), 11-20 days{medium), 21- 40 days (late), and above 41 days (very late). The queen that had the early first oviposition day, i.e., laid eggs so early after starting to be raised indoors, showed much higher rate of colony foundation and progeny-queen production and much shorter period of colony foundation and worker emergence. Besides, the numbers of worker and progeny-queen emerged from the queen that had the early first oviposition day were higher than those of the queen that had the late first oviposition. In results, the queen that had the early first oviposition day could make colony stronger and could make colony formation period shorter, therefore, the first oviposition day of foundation queen was proved to be a criterion for the selection of super colonies when B. ignitus is raised indoors.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of body weight of queen on the developmental characteristics of foundation queens in the Bombus ignitus collected in Korean locality. Queens were classified into six groups based on their body weight (i.e., 0.4 g, 0.5 g, 0.6 g, 0.7 g, 0.8 g and 0.9 g). The average weight of 200 foundation queens collected was 0.657${\times}40.095 g and 0.6 g-class was most abundant (38 %) among six weight classes. The queen that had the heavy body weight showed the trends of higher rate of oviposition, colony foundation and progeny-queen production and shorter periods of preoviposition and colony foundation, suggesting the positive correlation between the body weight of queen and colony developmental characteristics. Also, the numbers of worker and progeny-queen emerged from the queen with heavy body weight were slightly higher than those with light body weight queen.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2008

We investigated mating conditions about care temperature of queen before mating, mating period, and number of queen per mating cage to improve mating rate of Bombus terrestris. Among $19^{\circ}C$, $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, care temperatures of queen before mating, queen cared at $19^{\circ}C$ was more effective than those at $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in death rate during care and mating periods, and colony development In case of mating period, oviposition rate and preoviposition periods at queen mated during 3 days were 89.3% and 11.4 days, respectively, which was higher and earlier than those of queen mated during 5 days and 7 days. The rate of worker emergence, colony foundation and progeny-queen production at 3 days-mated queen were also 2.0-11.6% higher than those at queen mated during 5 days and 7 days. In number of queen per mating cage, the rate of worker emergence, colony foundation and progeny-queen production queen mated at mating cage with 10 queens and 30 males were 41.5%, 25.9% and 23.2%, respectively. These values correspond to 1.5-6.8 folds those queen mated at cage with 20 queens and 30 queens. Therefore, we supposed that care temperature favorable for B. terrestris queen was $19^{\circ}C$ and the period need to mating was 3 days, and the number of queen per mating cage ($55{\times}45{\times}65\;cm$) was 10.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.395-407
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• 1999

The queens of Korean native bumblebee species, Bombus ignitus were collected from the field in the spring of 1997 and reared under the various temperatures as 15$^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ $\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 60%$\pm$5% of relative humidity and 14L : 10D, to investigate their ecological characteristics, as comparing with control(29$^{\circ}C$$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 60%$\pm$5% of relative humidity and red light). As a result, eggs were laid by foundation queen at 15$^{\circ}C$, but they didn't hatched out while at 2$0^{\circ}C$ eggs were laid by them and they hatched out. When a foundation queen laid eggs at $25^{\circ}C$ and they all were hatched out and normally grown. Finally they were developed to the normal colony. B. ignitus worker survived for 77days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, about 69days at $25^{\circ}C$, about 68days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and about 63days at 29$^{\circ}C$(control). The first brood workers emerged in 25-27days from the egg which a foundation queen laid. At the various temperatures, the captive queens stand to lay eggs in about 18days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 15days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 11days at $25^{\circ}C$, 11days at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 4days in control. The first worker and the first drone from the egg cell of the collected queens appeared in about 27days and 72days at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 26days and 88days in $25^{\circ}C$, 24days and 65days at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 25days and 71days in control, respectively. In colony foundation, 33% of the collected queen at 2$0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$, 100% of the disposed queen at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control, and 67% of them at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control both produced new queens in 66days and 88days, respectively. The life span of the colony founded covered fro about 3 months at $25^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control. At lower temperatures, the life span of queen is shorter; 2 months at 15$^{\circ}C$ and 3 months at 2$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. A colony which normally developed, varied in size with rearing temperatures; about 20heads at 2$0^{\circ}C$, 482heads at $25^{\circ}C$, 330heads at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 452heads in control. A foundation queen monthly oviposited 1.5egg cells at 15$^{\circ}C$, 3.0egg cells at 2 $0^{\circ}C$, 21.7egg cells at $25^{\circ}C$, 42.3egg cells at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 47.0egg cells in control. As a colony developed in June and July, egg cells as well as daily average cells increased in number, as compared to those in May and August. Also, in June and July, interval(days) of egg laying is shorter than in May and August. Number of nectar pots during the colony development varied with rearing temperatures; 31pots at $25^{\circ}C$, 39pots at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 23pots in control. The emergence of new queen showed a distinctively different two patterns; early emerging type and late emerging type. Workers are rapidly increased from early in July to early in August at $25^{\circ}C$, but at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control, emergence of workers are remarkably increased from the middle of June and last until July. No new queen emerged at 15$^{\circ}C$, 2$0^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. New queens at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and in control emerged between late in June and early in July. Thus emergence of new queen was temperature dependent.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2004

It was investigated whether or not flight has any effects on oviposition and colony development of the artificially hibernated Bombus terrestris queen and ,$CO_2$-treated queen. Flight periods were defined as 0 days (control), 1 day, 3 days and 6 days. The weights of queens after flight were 1.5-8.9% lower than those before flight depending on the flight periods. The oviposition and colony development of artificially hibernated and $CO_2$-treated B. terrestris queen were affected by the flight. Among flight periods tested, in particular, the queens start to flight for 3 days showed better flight effect than those other flight periods in the colony development, rate of colony foundation, rate of progeny-queen production, the number of worker and queen produced. But, the longer the flight periods is, the worse the oviposition and colony development of the queens hibernated artificially and $CO_2$-treated are (i.e., the 6 days-flight queen).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2002

갓 우화한 호박벌 및 서양뒤영벌 일벌, 우화 후 10-20일 된 서양뒤영벌 일벌, 서양뒤영벌 일벌과 수벌의 고치, 건조고치, 갓 우화한 꿀벌 일벌, 산란컵을 교미직후의 호박벌(Bombus ignitus)여왕벌 사육상자에 투입하여 산란촉진자로서의 효과를 비교 조사하였다. 갓 우화한 호박벌과 서양뒤영벌의 일벌을 산란촉진자로 사용한 경우 산란율이 각각 92%와 88%로 높았고, 생고치를 투입했을 경우에도 산란율이 60%이상으로 산란촉진자의 효과가 인정되었다. 우화 후 10일이 경과한 나이든 호박벌과 서양뒤영벌의 일벌이더라도 탄산가스에 30분간 접촉시킨 후 산란촉진자로 투입했을 경우에는 산란율, 봉군형성율, 신여왕벌 출현율 등 봉세발달이 갓 우화한 일벌을 산란촉진자로 사용하였을 경우의 봉세발달과 유사한 성적을 보여 우화한지 초래된 일벌도 산란촉진자로서의 가치가 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 번데기를 죽인 건조고치, 꿀벌 일벌, 산란컵을 산란촉진자로 사용한 경우에는 산란촉진효과가 인정되지 않았다. 산란촉진효과가 높았던 서양뒤영벌 일벌을 산란촉진자로 사용할 경우, 적정 투입수를 알아보기 위해 갓 우화한 일벌을 시험구당 1마리에서 4마리까지 투입하였다. 그 결과, 산란촉진자를 1마리 투입한 구보다 2마리 이상 투입한 시험구의 봉세발달이 우수하였으며, 2마리 이상 투입한 시험구 간의 봉세발달에는 차이가 없었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2008

국내 및 국외 뒤영벌 생산업체의 서양뒤영벌(Bombus terrestris) 산란율, 봉군형성률, 신여왕출현 봉군율 등 봉세발달 및 인공월동 후 생존율을 비교 조사하였다. 국내 3개와 국외 1개 생산업체의 창설여왕벌 봉군에서 생산된 일벌수는 232.4-270.8마리, 여왕벌수는 62.0-181.8마리로 다소의 차이는 있었으나 국내 및 국외 뒤영벌 생산업체간에 유의성은 없었다. 업체별로 생산된 여왕벌을 탄산가스처리후 사육한 결과, 산란율, 봉군형성률, 신여왕출현봉군율 등 봉세발달은 국내업체에서 생산한 서양뒤영벌이 유럽산보다 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 일벌 및 여왕벌수는 유럽산 뒤영벌이 다소 많은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 국내 3개 뒤영벌 생산업체와 유럽 2개 업체에서 생산된 서양뒤영벌을 인공월동하여 사육한 경우에도 다소의 차이가 있었지만, 생존율 및 봉세발달에서 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 이와 같이 업체별로 생산된 창설여왕벌과 2세대 여왕벌의 휴면처리를 달리하여 사육한 결과, 국내 및 국외 뒤영벌 생산업체의 서양뒤영벌의 봉세 간에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2005

As a means for year-round rearing of bumblebee, CO$_{2}$ -narcosis time favorable for colony development was identified in Bombus terrestris. CO$_{2}$ -narcosis time divided into five classes: 11 days of adult emergence (A-11), the day of adult emergence (A-0), late pupal stage (LP), middle pupal sta ge (MP), and early pupal stage (EP). In egg-laying characteristics, the oviposition rate of LP, A-11 and A-0 was over 76.0$\%$, but that of MP and EP was less than 61.1 $\%$. At the same time, the days needed to first oviposition shortened to 9.8 ­10.5 days in A-11, A-O and LP, comparing to 13.7 -16.1 days in MP and EP. The rate of colony foundation, progeny-queen produced and period of colony foundation of A-11 were the best results in among those at different CO$_{2}$-treatment time. The number of worker produced was 109.2 -110.5 in A-H, LP and A-H, comparing to 82.0 - 86.8 in MP and EP. Also, the number of progeny-queen produced of A-H, A-O and LP was 36.1, 41.0 and 71.3, respectively, which corresponded to 1.5 - 3.1 fold higher than MP and EP. Taken these together, CO$_{2}$-narcosis time favorable for colony development was determined to be 11 days of adult emergence. Also, the day of adult emergence and late pupal stage showed a positive effect on the oviposition and colony development in CO$_{2}$-narcosis time.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 2003년도 International Symposium of Silkworm/Insect Biotechnology and Annual Meeting of Korea Society of Sericultural Science
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• pp.120-122
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• 2003

It was investigated whether developmental characteristic of foundation queens of Bombus ignitus collected in the 11 localities including Jeongsun have any effects by the first oviposition days. Materials and Methods: materials - insect : foundation queens of Bombus ignitus collected in the 11 localities. Methods - we investigated the rate of colony foundation, progeny-queen production and the number of adults emergence for the relationship between first oviposition day and colony development of B. ignitus (omitted)

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 2023

Pediatric carpal fractures are rare and often difficult to detect. This paper reviews the current literature on pediatric non-scaphoid carpal fractures, with a case report of a lunate fracture associated with a distal radius and ulnar styloid fracture, managed nonoperatively in a 12-year-old boy. There is lack of consensus regarding the management of these fractures due to the low number of reported cases. A frequent lack of long-term follow-up limits our understanding of the outcomes, but good outcomes have been reported for both nonoperative and operative management. This case report brings attention to the current time period for the definition of delayed union in pediatric carpal fractures, and emphasizes the need for prolonged follow-up for the detection of delayed complications leading to functional impairment.