• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2014

The residents' odor complaint is steadily increasing by odor causing from sewage system. A current drainage facilities and septic tank are included in the individual sewerage according to Sewerage Act. However, definitions and legal standards of drainage tank are insufficient. In addition, specifications and maintenance standards related to structure and size are not established. In this research, effect of drainage tank in individual sewage facilities on the odor occurrence was studied and the concentrations of $H_2S$ and composite odor were measured. From the measurements, the concentration of $H_2S$ and composite odor were 1 ppm ~ 5 ppm and 1.04 OU ~ 4.05 OU, respectively, before pump operation. Also, the concentration of $H_2S$ and composite odor were 5 ppm ~ 33 ppm and 5.10 OU ~ 35.04 OU, respectively, after pump operation. The concentration of SS in the effluent from drainage tank was ranged from 840 mg/L to 1,980 mg/L. These high concentration of SS seemed to be the major source of foul smell when high concentrated suspended solids in the public sewerage system were decomposed and then emitted. In this research, correlation coefficient ($R^2$) between $H_2S$ and composite odor before and after pumping were 0.925 and 0.918, respectively.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2013

In this study, a biological odor treatment system was proposed to remove odor(foul smell) materials causing several problems in the closed sewage treatment plant. This odor treatment system was composed of a two-step biofilter system in one reactor. The two-step biofilter reactor was constructed with natural purification layer in upper part and artificial purification layer in lower part. The reed grasses of water purification plants were planted in the surface area and mixed porous ceramic media were filled with the lower part of biofilter reactor. By using the above experimental apparatus, the ammonia gas removal efficiency was attained to 98.3 % and the hydrogen sulfide gas removal efficiency was appeared more than 97.7 % which shows more effective than the conventional odor removal process.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.259-270
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• 2003

To investigate the water quality and the pollution state of lower Yeongsan river system, 38 water samples were taken from the main stream of the Yeongsan river, Gomakwon and Hampyeong streams of the system in dry and flood seasons, May and August, 2001. The Yeongsan river is typically natural in accordance with pH-& diagram. But the chemistry based on Piper's diagram indicates that the river is influenced by seawater. BOD increases as the sampling sites are approaching the downstream in Gomakwon and Hampyeong streams overwhelming WQS V grade of 12.40mg/l. T-N and T-P of the river are mainly loaded not in above branch streams but in the main stream of the river, which are caused by manure for farming, domestic animal discharges and life-sewage, in possible. Meanwhile, heavy metal contents are below WQS or not detect in whole water samples. So, it shows that the above river waters be polluted by not industrial but life/agricultural foul waters.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.785-793
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• 2004

Coagulation has been investigated for pretreatment of low-pressure membrane systems such as microfiltration and ultrafiltration. Coagulation pretreatment can reduce foulants (particles and organic matter) prior to membrane filtration. However, when in-line coagulation or submerged type of filtration is used, flocculent aggregates could act as a foulant depending on concentrations and specific properties of floc. A natural water and three synthetic waters were used to investigate effects of coagulation pretreatment and presence of flocculent aggregates on membrane fouling. Coagulation pretreatment shows that foul ants were effectively removed during coagulation and the formed cake layer on the membrane surface had less resistances compared to raw natural water. In addition, little difference in membrane fouling was found by flocculent aggregates from the natural water. Interestingly, however, the results by three synthetic waters indicated that flocculent aggregates could have adverse effects on membrane fouling in a specific condition.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.608-612
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• 2008

In Korea and China, cherry elaeagnus (Elaeagnus multiflora Thunb.) has been used traditionally to treat cough, diarrhea, itching, and foul sores. Therefore, in this study, the ethanol and water extracts of cherry elaeagnus leaves were examined for their antioxidant activities. The ethanol extract of the cherry elaeagnus leaves contained more phenolics than the water extract. All the cherry elaeagnus leaf extracts had higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability than ascorbic acid at concentrations of $250-1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$. The ethanol extract also showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity compared to the water extract. Furthermore, the SOD-like activity of the ethanol extract amounted to 89% of that of ascorbic acid at a concentration of $500\;{\mu}g/mL$. The nitrite scavenging ability and xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) activity of the ethanol extract were higher than those of the water extract. In particular, the ethanol extract had higher XOI activity than ascorbic acid at a concentration of $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2013

Excessive phosphorus in aquatic systems causes algal bloom resulting in eutrophication, DO depletion, decline in recreational value of water and foul tastes. To treat wastewater containing phosphorus including effluent of wastewater treatment plant, the continuous experiments were performed by using electrochemical way. The spherical ZVI and silica sand which act as physical filter are packed at appropriate volume ratio of 1:2. Electric potential is applied externally which can be changed as per the operational requirement. The results indicate that optimum hydraulic retention time of 36 minutes (10 mL/min at 1 L reactor) was required to meet the effluent standards. Lower concentrations of phosphorus (<10 mg/L as phosphate) were removed by precipitation by contact with iron. Thus, additional electric potential was not required. In order to remove high concentration phosphorus around 150 mg/L as phosphate, external electric potential of 600 V was applied to the reactor.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

본 연구는 닭의 분뇨로부터 악취저감 방안으로, 쌀뜨물에 L. sakei의 배양조건과 저장 중 안정성을 검토하였다. 그리고 닭 분뇨로부터 미생물을 분리 동정하고, 이들 미생물에 대한 L. sakei의 항균능력을 검토하였다. 또한 L. sakei 함유 쌀뜨물 발효액이 닭 분뇨의 악취를 저감시키는지에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과, 쌀뜨물은 L. sakeiv의 생장에 좋은 영양소로 확인되었으며, 저장 기간 중 생존력도 강한 것으로 증명되었다. 또한 L. sakei는 닭의 분뇨로부터 분리된 악취유발 미생물의 생장 또한 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 항균작용 또는 정균작용으로 사회적으로 문제가 되는 축산분뇨에 대하여, L. sakei를 이용해 배양된 쌀뜨물은 악취 유발을 저감할 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 더욱이 쌀뜨물은 가치가 인정되지 않아 그대로 하수도로 버리게 되어 환경오염을 유발원으로 인식되었는데, 유산균 발효에 의한 악취 제거, 기능성 사료의 이용 등 산업적으로 많은 응용이 적용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2002

This research was carried out using Anderson air sampler which were set up on the roof of the Engineering College of Konkuk University at Hwayang-Dong, Kwangjin-Gu, Seoul from Aug. 1992 to foul. 1999. The results are as follows: The major component of yellow sand is soil particles based upon the observation that particles ranging from $3.3~7.0{\mu}m$ occupy 36~63%. It is certain that the increase of fine particles of respirable dust during yellow sand phenomenon in Seoul area affects the human body. The trace metals from natural sources like Al, Ca, Fe, K, Na, and Si show larger mass median diameter(MMD) values during yellow sand phenomenon than in normal situations while the values of MMD for Mn and Pb rarely changes. Noticeably, the changes in value of MMD of water soluble elements like ${NO_3}^{-}$ and ${SO_4}^{2}$ are 2.3 and 6.6 times higher during the yellow sand phenomenon compared to normal situations, respectively. This fact is regarded as decisive evidence showing that ${NO_3}^{-}$ and ${SO_4}^{2}$ in the air are attached to yellow sand and move together.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.996-1003
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• 2019

지상의 각종 시설물들의 지중화가 이루어지며 상수도 및 오수의 악취, 전봇대 쓰러짐, 전자파 영향 및 선로작업에 의한 단선 등의 문제들은 줄어들었다. 그러나, 맨홀 뚜껑 개방에 의한 추락, 가연성 가스 폭발, 인체 유해 가스 및 산소농도 부족에 질식, 고압선 발열에 의한 화재 및 맨홀 침수 등 새로운 문제점들이 발생하고 있다. 또한, 이러한 문제들이 시민 사회의 피해를 주고 공공안전에 불안요소로 작용하고 있다. 이에 본 논문을 통해 맨홀 내 외부의 안정적인 통신환경을 확보하고, 맨홀 내 시설물을 관리하기 위한 다양한 디바이스들과의 무선 통신이 가능한 스마트 맨홀 디바이스에 중점을 두어 연구를 진행하고 향후 지중 시설물 관리의 방향성을 제시하고 공공 안전에 기여 하고자 한다.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• 제35권
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• pp.34.1-34.8
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• 2023

Background: Hydrogen sulfide is a toxic substance that humans can be exposed to occupationally, and cases of hydrogen sulfide poisoning of workers in industrial sites are commonly reported. However, there have been no cases of poisoning of the public due to an unauthorized discharge of wastewater, so it is important to describe this incident. Case presentation: In a small village in Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea, accounts of a terrible stench had been reported. A 26-year-old man who lived and worked in a foul-smelling area was taken to the emergency room with a headache, dizziness, nausea, and repeated syncope. A subsequent police and Ministry of Environment investigation determined that the cause of the stench was the unauthorized discharge of 9 tons of wastewater containing hydrogen sulfide through a stormwater pipe while the villagers were sleeping. The patient had no previous medical history or experience of symptoms. Leukocytes and cardiac markers were elevated, an electrocardiogram indicated biatrial enlargement, left ventricular hypertrophy, and corrected QT interval prolongation. Myocardial hypertrophy was detected on a chest computed tomography scan, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was confirmed on echocardiography. After hospitalization, cardiac marker concentrations declined, symptoms improved, and the patient was discharged after 7 days of hospitalization. There was no recurrence of symptoms after discharge. Conclusions: We suspect that previously unrecognized heart disease manifested or was aggravated in this patient due to exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Attention should be paid to the possibility of unauthorized discharge of hydrogen sulfide, etc., in occasional local incidents and damage to public health. In the event of such an accident, it is necessary to have government guidelines in place to investigate health impact and follow-up clinical management of exposed residents.