• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2005

Objective : We have studied to know effects of Ligigeopoongsan(LGS, 理氣祛風散) on mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and c-Fos protein expression in the model of neuropathic pain of rats. Methods : The model of neuropathic pain was made by injured tibial nerve and sural never while common peroneal never was maintained. After 2weeks, we performed behavioral test for 7 days to try out mechanical allodynia using von frey filament and cold allodynia using acetone, which are calculated by counting withdrawal response on foot. Rat brains removed and sliced on 8th days. Serial sections were immunohistochemically reacted with polyclonal c-Fos antibody. The numbers of c-Fos protein immunoreactive neurons in the central gray were examined using scion image program. Results : 1. Mechanical allodynia in LGS-2, LGS-3 groups were significantly diminished compared with the control group. 2. Cold allodynia in LGS-3 group was significantly diminished compared with the control group. 3. c-Fos protein expression on the central gray LGS-2, LGS-3 groups were significantly lower than that of control group. conclusions : We have noticed that LGS(理氣祛風散) diminished mechanical and cold allodynia in the model of neuropathic pain compared with the control group. c-Fos protein expression in the central gray of that group was also decreased compared with the control group. Pain control group were LGS was accumulated time goes by. This study can be used as a basic resource on a study and a treatment of pain.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.1784-1789
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• 2002

One hundred and twenty-eight growing barrows (Jiaxing Black${\times}$Duroc${\times}$Landrace) at an average BW of 20.8 kg were allocated to four treatments for 42 days, each of which was replicated four times with eight pigs per replicate and used to investigate the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of growing pigs. The pigs received the same basal corn-soybean meal diet and FOS was added to the basal diet at 0, 2, 4, 6 g/kg diet at the expense of corn, respectively. As compared to control, supplementation with 4 and 6 g/kg FOS significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency. Addition of FOS enhanced the growth of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, but inhibited Clostridium and Escherichia coli in the small intestinal and proximal colonic contents. Supplementation with 4 and 6 g/kg FOS significantly improved the activities of total protease, trypsin and amylase in the small intestinal contents. However, FOS had no significant effect on the activity of lipase in the small intestinal contents as well as the digestive enzymes in pancreas. Morphological measurement of jejunal mucosa did show response to consumption of FOS. Villus height and the villus height to crypt depth ratio at the jejunal mucosa were significantly higher with 4 and 6 g/kg FOS supplementation as compared to control.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.474-480
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• 2005

Curcumin, a major active component of turmeric, has been identified as an inhibitor of the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1). Recently, it was also found that curcumin and synthetic curcumin derivatives can inhibit the binding of Jun-Fos, which are the members of the AP-1 family, to DNA. However, the mechanism of this inhibition by curcumin and its derivatives was not disclosed. Since the binding of Jun-Fos dimer to DNA can be modulated by redox control involving conserved cysteine residues, we studied whether curcumin and its derivatives inhibit Jun-Fos DNA binding activity via these residues. However, the inhibitory mechanism of curcumin and its derivatives, unlike that of other Jun-Fos inhibitors, was found to be independent of these conserved cysteine residues. In addition, we investigated whether curcumin derivatives can inhibit AP-1 transcriptional activity in vivo using a luciferase assay. We found that, among the curcumin derivatives examined, only inhibitors shown to inhibit the binding of Jun-Fos to DNA by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) inhibited AP-1 transcriptional activity in vivo. Moreover, RT-PCR revealed that curcumin derivatives, like curcumin, downregulated c-jun mRNA in JB6 cells. These results suggest that the suppression of the formation of DNA-Jun-Fos complex is the main cause of reduced AP-1 transcriptional activity by curcuminoids, and that EMSA is a suitable tool for identifying inhibitors of transcriptional activation.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권12호
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• pp.884-892
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• 2019

Piperlongumine (PL), a natural alkaloid compound isolated from long pepper (Piper longum), can selectively kill cancer cells, but not normal cells, by accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The objective of this study was to investigate functional roles of expression of SETDB1 and FosB during PL treatment in MCF7 breast cancer cells. PL downregulates SETDB1 expression, and decreased SETDB1 expression enhanced caspase 9 dependent-PARP cleavage during PL-induced cell death. PL treatment generated ROS. ROS inhibitor NAC (N-acetyl cysteine) recovered SETDB1 expression decreased by PL. Decreased SETDB1 expression induced transcriptional activity of FosB during PL treatment. PARP cleavage and positive annexin V level were increased during PL treatment with FosB overexpression whereas PARP cleavage and positive annexin V level were decreased during PL treatment with siFosB transfection, implying that FosB might be a pro-apoptotic protein for induction of cell death in PL-treated MCF7 breast cancer cells. PL induced cell death in A549 lung cancer cells, but molecular changes involved in the induction of these cell deaths might be different. These results suggest that SETDB1 mediated FosB expression may induce cell death in PL-treated MCF7 breast cancer cells.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2009

본 연구는 흰쥐를 대상으로 좌골신경 압좌 손상 유발 후 경피신경전기자극과 전침자극을 적용하고 진통효과와 기능회복에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실험동물은 경피신경전기자극군을 적용한 TENS군, 전침자극군을 적용한 EA군과 대조군으로 구분하였고, 각각의 군은 전기자극 적용기간에 따라 1일군, 7일군 및 14일군으로 나누었다. 경피신경자극과 전침자극을 적용한 결과, 실험군에서 대조군에 비하여 통각신경활성의 지표로 이용되는 c-fos 발현의 감소, 발도피지연시의 증가, 좌골신경기능지수의 증가를 통해 전기자극이 말초신경 손상에서 통증억제와 기능회복을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 경피신경전기자극군과 전침자극군간의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2013

The effects of oligosaccharide supplementation on the growth performance, flock uniformity and GIT development of broiler chickens were investigated. Four diets, one negative control, one positive control supplemented with zinc-bacitracin, and two test diets supplemented with mannoligosaccharide (MOS) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS), were used for the experiment. Birds given MOS or FOS had improved body weight (BW) and feed efficiency (FCR), compared to those fed the negative control diet during the 35-d trial period. The effect on FCR became less apparent when the birds got older. FOS and MOS supplementation reduced the pancreas weight as a percentage of BW, with an effect similar to that of the antibiotic, at 35 d of age. Birds given MOS tended to have a heavier bursa (p = 0.164) and lower spleen/bursa weight ratio (p = 0.102) at 35 d of age. MOS and Zn-bacitracin showed a clear improvement on flock uniformity, compared to FOS. The mortality rate was not affected by FOS or MOS.

• 운동영양학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

The expression of c-Fos and c-Jun represents neuronal activity and plays a crucial role in the shaping of the development of brain. During the late pregnancy, exercise is known to influence neuronal activity of offspring. In the present study, the effect of swimming during pregnancy on the expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the CA1, CA2, CA3 regions, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of rat offspring was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Pregnant rats in the swimming group were forced to swim for 10 min once a day from 15 days after pregnancy until delivery. The expression of c-Fos and c-Jun in the CA1, CA2, CA3 regions, and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of pups was significantly increased by maternal swimming during late pregnant period. The present results show that prenatal swimming may enhance the neuronal activity of pups and affect the neonatal brain development.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.259-269
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• 2007

The ubiquitous flexible operating system (UbiFOS) is a real-time operating system designed for cost-conscious, low-power, small to medium-sized embedded systems such as cellular phones, MP3 players, and wearable computers. It offers efficient real-time operating system services like multi-task scheduling, memory management, inter-task communication and synchronization, and timers while keeping the kernel size to just a few to tens of kilobytes. For flexibility, UbiFOS uses various task scheduling policies such as cyclic time-slice (round-robin), priority-based preemption with round-robin, priority-based preemptive, and bitmap. When there are less than 64 tasks, bitmap scheduling is the best policy. The scheduling overhead is under 9 ${\mu}s$ on the ARM926EJ processor. UbiFOS also provides the flexibility for user to select from several inter-task communication techniques according to their applications. We ported UbiFOS on the ARM9-based DVD player (20 kB), the Calm16-based MP3 player (under 7 kB), and the ATmega128-based ubiquitous sensor node (under 6 kB). Also, we adopted the dynamic power management (DPM) scheme. Comparative experimental results show that UbiFOS could save energy up to 30% using DPM.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.695-701
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• 2003

목 적 : 근육과 관절 등에서 유발된 심부통증(deep pain)이 척수상위로 전달되는 신경로에 대해서는 아직 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 그러나 최근 일부 연구자들은 피부에서 유발된 천부통증(superficial pain)과는 달리 중뇌의 PAG에 위치한 신경원에 침해 자극이 전달되어 자율신경계와 행동양식에 영향을 줄 것이라는 가설을 보고하였다. 또한, 비스테로이드성의 항염증성 약품들은 말초조직에서 프로스타글란딘 합성을 방해하여 진통효과를 유발시킨다고 알려져 왔으나 최근에는 척수와 뇌간에서도 진통효과가 있을 것이라고 추측하고 있다. 그러므로 이 연구자는 포르말린으로 체성 심부통증을 유발시켜 중뇌의 어느 부위에서 신경세포가 활성화되는지를 c-Fos 단백의 발현으로 확인하고 또한 비스테로이드성의 항염증성 약품인 아스피린의 효과를 알아보고자 이 연구를 시도하게 되었다. 방 법 : 실험 I군에서는 생리식염수를 흰쥐 꼬리에 미리 피하주사한 뒤 포르말린을 이용해 체성 심부통증을 유발시켰고, 실험 II군은 아스피린을 주사한 후 포르말린으로 체성 심부통증을 유발시켰다. 정상군에서는 통증자극을 주지 않았다. 실험 I군과 실험 II군의 흰쥐는 통증을 유발 시킨 뒤 30분, 1, 2, 6, 24시간에 희생시켜 뇌를 적출하여 뇌절편을 만들었다. 뇌절편으로 냉동 연속조직절편을 제작하여 면역조직화학적 방법으로 c-Fos 단백의 출현여부를 확인하였다. Interaural 1.00-1.36 mm를 통과하는 관상 뇌절편의 연속조직표본에서 나타난 양성면역반응성을 토대로 중뇌의 VLPAG와 DMPAG를 관찰하였고, 단위면적($0.2mm^2$)당 면역양성반응을 보인 신경세포를 계수하고 통계 처리하였다. 결 과 : c-Fos 양성면역반응 신경세포 수는 DMPAG에서 보다 VLPAG에서 현저하게 많았다. DMPAG와 VLPAG에서 통증유발 2시간 후 c-Fos 양성면역반응 신경세포 수는 최고치에 도달하였다. 아스피린을 투여한 군의 c-Fos 양성면역반응 신경세포 수는 투여하지 않은 군보다 전시기에 걸쳐 적었다. 결 론 : 이 연구결과는 포르말린에 의해 유발된 체성 심부통증의 기전과 아스피린의 효과를 이해하는데 기초적인 자료로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

This study was designed to examine the effects of two antidepressant drugs on the expression of c-fos mRNA in cultured embryonic rat hippocampal neurons. The drugs used were imipramine and amitriptyline. On the fourth day of culture, hippocampal neurons were treated with variable concentrations of each drug. Competitive RT-PCR(Reverse Transcriptase-PCR) analysis was used to quantify the c-fos mRNA expression induced by each drug. Experimental results showed that acute and direct treatment with imipramine and amitriptyline with relatively low concentrations(imipramine ${\leq}10{\mu}M$, amitriptylne ${\leq}10{\mu}M$) had no inductive effect on the expression of c-fos mRNA in the rat hippocampal neurons. However, after treatment with relatively high concentrations(imipramine ${\geq}100{\mu}M$, amitriptyline ${\geq}100{\mu}M$) c-fos mRNA was not detected. These findings suggest the followings. Firstly, the action mechanisms of these drugs on the hippocampal neurons might not be mediated by c-fos but by other immediate-early genes(IEGs). Secondly, their actions may be mediated indirectly via other areas of the brain. Thirdly, the expression of c-fos might be inhibited by high concentrations of these drugs, or the high concentrations could induce cell death. Finally, though cell death remains to be confirmed, the inhibition of c-fos induction or cell death could play a role in the cognitive impairments known to be adverse effects of some antidepressants. This study is believed to be a first step toward understanding the mechanisms of learning and memory. Further studies are needed to investigate the expression of various IEGs and changes in the hippocampal neurons of rat resulting from chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs.