• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.189-206
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors affecting muscle activity and cephalometric variables according to change of head postures. For this study, 150 patients with temporomandibular disorders and 80 dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected as the patients group and as the normal group, respectively. Head position to body-midline in frontal plane and upper quarter posture to body plumb line in sagittal plane were observed clinically and electromyographic(EMG) activity of anterior temporalis, masseter, sternocleidomastoideus, and trapezius on clenching were recorded with $BioEMG^{(R)}$ in four head postures, which were natural head posture(NHP), forward head posture(FHP), $20^{\circ}$ upward head posture(UHP), and $20^{\circ}$ downward head posture(DHP). Cephaloradiographs were also taken in the same head postures as in EMG taking, but that was taken only in NHP for the patient group. Cephalometric variables measured were SN angle, CVT angle, atlas inclination angle, occlusal plane angle, Me-C2 angle, pharyngeal width, occiput~axis distance, area of pharyngeal space, and cervical curvature. The data were analyzed by SAS statistical program. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Between the patient and the normal group, there were significant difference in distance from plumb line to acromion, eye-tragus angle, electromyographic activity of the four muscles, and cephalometric variables of linear measurement. 2. There was no consistent pattern of correlation between upper quarter posture, EMG activity and cephalometric variables in any case without relation to cervical curvature and head position in frontal plane. 3. Sternocleidomastoid muscle only showed variation of electromyographic activty with changes of head postures, but all the muscles did show correlation with head postures. 4. All the cephalometric variables measured in this study showed difference of mean value by head posture, and CVT angle, pharyngeal width, occiput-atlas distance, and area of pharyngeal space showed correlation between these variables with change from NHP to FHP, and from NHP to UHP.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.624-631
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 머리 전방 자세 성인에 대하여 8주간 슬링에서의 푸쉬업 플러스 운동이 근활성도와 폐기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 총 16명의 머리 전방 자세 성인이 모집 되었고 대조군과 실험군으로 각 8명씩 배정 되었다. 슬링에서의 니푸쉬업 플러스와 안정한 면에서 니푸쉬업 플러스 운동을 2015년 7월 6일부터 8월 28일까지 8주간 나누어 시행하였고 주 3회 실시하였다. 머리 척추각을 측정시 두군에서 (p<0.001)의 증가를 보였고 머리 회전각 측정시 대조군에서 (p<0.05), 실험군에서 (p<0.001)의 감소를 보였다. 두 군에서 근활성도는 위 등세모근(p<0.001)의 감소와 앞톱니근, 아래 등세모근의(p<0.001)의 증가를 나타내었고 폐기능 측정시 대조군에서(p<0.01), 실험군에서(p<0.001)의 증가를 보였다. 결론적으로 푸쉬업 플러스 운동은 머리 전방 자세를 개선시키고 호흡근들의 활성화를 높일뿐더러 폐기능 강화에 효과적이며 슬링에서의 푸쉬업 플러스 운동이 머리 전방 자세의 개선에는 더욱 효과적이지만 폐기능에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 슬링에서의 푸쉬업 플러스 운동은 머리 전방자세 성인의 자세 개선과 폐기능에 효과적인 운동으로 추천 된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2009

Purpose: This study assessed the differences in the forward head posture (FHP), cervical range of motion, and headache clinical parameters in episodic tension-type headache (ETTH) subjects, chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) subjects, and healthy controls (university students). Methods: Fifteen CTTH subjects, 15 ETTH subjects and 15 controls without headache were examined. Side-view images of each group were taken in both the sitting and standing positions, in order to assess the FHP by measuring the craniovertebral angle. The CROM was used to measure the cervical range of motion. A headache diary was kept for 4 weeks to assess the headache intensity, frequency, and duration. Results: The craniovertebral angle was smaller, ie, there was a greater FHP, in the CTTH and ETTH subjects than in the healthy controls in both the sitting and standing positions (p<0.05). The CTTH and ETTH subjects showed a lower cervical range of motion than the healthy controls in the total range of motion as well as in the half-cycles (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increased FHP and decreased cervical range of motion might be a contributing factor in the initiation of tension-type headache.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study is investigate the effects of cervical range of motion (ROM) and forward head posture (FHP) on cervical manual traction in normal adults. Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to either the experimental group(Female 9, Male 6) who conducted the manual cervical traction or the control group(Female 9, Male 6) who did not conduct the any intervention. The subject in the EG have conducted the 1 set of 10 minutes of manual cervical traction per day, 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The cervical ROM was measured by the digital inclinometer and The factors of FHP was measured by cranial vertebral angle (CVA) and cranial rotation angle (CRA). Results: Comparing the cervical ROM and FHP between the experimental and control groups before and after the experiment, it could be seen that flexion, extension, right lateral flexion, left lateral flexion, CVA and CRA of the experimental group has been increased. Thus, cervical manual traction was resulted in the increased cervical ROM and decrease FHP. Conclusion: In this study, it was confirmed that cervical manual traction affects increase cervical ROM and decrease FHP that play a important role in neck stability and mobility.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effect of forward head posture (FHP) and round shoulder posture (RSP) on changes in muscle activities according to shoulder flexion and abduction tasks. Methods: Twenty-two male subjects with no history of neurological, musculoskeletal surgery or injuries, or pain in the spine region within the previous 3-month periods were recruited for this study. Craniovertebral angle (CVA) and Scapula Index were measured before performing 90° abduction and flexion tasks holding a 3kg dumbbell. Muscle activities were measured during the tasks. All measurements except height of the acromion were carried out in a sitting position at the height of the subject's knee angle of 90 degrees, and two tasks were randomly performed with the arm that the subject mainly use to throw the ball. The abduction and flexion angles were checked by the examiner using a goniometer beside the subject. Results: Correlation coefficient analysis between Scapular Index and upper trapezius muscle activity during shoulder abduction task showed significant positive correlation. No significant correlation was observed between CVA, Scapular Index, and other muscle activities. Conclusion: FHP showed increased muscle activation, making it difficult to change muscle activity under lower loads, and RSP was correlated with UT activation in shoulder abduction. Therefore, in the RSP, the loaded shoulder abduction is considered a potential risk factor for increasing shoulder muscle tension. This paper proposes an approach to treating RSP before FHP.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacies of thoracic self-mobilization and strengthening exercise in young adults with thoracic hyperkyphosis. Methods: The subjects were 30 young adults (11 males, 19 females) with thoracic hyperkyphosis. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups: thoracic self-mobilization, thoracic strengthening exercise, and control group. The thoracic self-mobilization group performed active dynamic exercises, which included thoracic extension and rotation in supine and standing positions. The strengthening exercise group performed resistance exercises involving the back extensor muscle, with an elastic band and dumbbells. The outcome measures were the thoracic kyphosis angle and forward head posture (craniovertebral angle [CVA] and cranial rotation angle [CRA]). Results: Compared with the baseline values, the thoracic kyphosis angle had decreased while the CVA had increased in both training groups (p<.05), but the CRA was significantly decreased in only the strengthening exercise group. Thoracic self mobilization reduced kyphosis and improved CVA, while thoracic strengthening exercise reduced kyphosis and improved CVA and CRA. Conclusion: This study suggests a promising exercise intervention that can improve posture in young adults with thoracic hyperkyphosis.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of backward walking exercise on changes in the cervical angle and gait parameters in subjects with moderate forward head posture. Methods : Four subjects were selected for this study. In particular, subjects with an average of 43 subjects with moderate craniovertebral angles were selected as the criteria for subject selection. The exercise program consisted of a 5 minutes warm-up exercise, 20 minutes main exercise, and 5 minutes cool-down exercise. In the main exercise, the treadmill speed was 2.5 km/h for men, 2.0 km/h for women in the first week, from the 2nd week to the 4th week, it was increased by 0.5 km/h every week. Results : Craniovertebral angle increased by 2.06±2.46 ° before and after the backward walking exercise, and craniorotational angle decreased by -1.69±3.33 ° before and after exercise. As for the gait parameters, in the amount of change before and after the backward walking exercise, the left foot pressure was 4.58±5.70 % from front to back and the right foot pressure was 5.08±3.06 % from front to back. The left step length and right step length showed a change of -.33±4.43 cm and -2.08±7.26 cm, respectively. stride length showed a change of -2.59±11.18 cm. The left and right stance phase showed a change of -1.02±2.03 % and -1.23±1.54 %, respectively. The left and right swing phase showed changes of 1.02±2.03 % and 1.22±1.53 %, respectively. The left and right step times were -.01±.06 sec and -.02±.12 sec, respectively. The stride time showed a change of -.03±.18 sec. Conclusion : Changes in cervical angle and gait parameters were confirmed by performing backward walking exercise for subjects with moderate forward head posture for 4 weeks. Therefore, additional research should be conducted based on this case study.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2021

Objective: The forward head posture (FHP) is strongly related to the rounded shoulder posture (RSP), which is associated with shoulder pain. Design: Observational cross sectional study design Methods: A total of 37 were enrolled in the study, 22 individuals with FHP(experimental group) and 15 healthy adults(control group). Correlation with differences between groups was analysed through craniovertebral angle (CVA) representing FHP for both groups, neck disability index (NDI) indicating neck pain, disability of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) indicating shoulder pain. Results: There was a significant difference in the results of CVA, NDI, and DASH in FHP and healthy adults (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between DASH and CVA in FHP participants (r = -0.656, p = 0.001). Also, in the regression analysis results of DASH and CVA, the regression model was found to be suitable and the variation in DASH could be explained by 43% (F = 15.118, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Shoulder pain and neck discomfort are potentially related, and an increase in shoulder pain can increase FHP.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2020

Background: Because a forward-leaning posture can cause increased back muscle activity and pain. Therefore, an innovative method to reduce back muscle activity and pain is required. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a head support on muscle activity and pain in a forward-leaning posture. Methods: A total of 14 male and 16 female students (average age, 21.65 ± 2.37 years; height, 166.15 ± 7.90 cm; and weight, 60.65 ± 9.00 kg) were recruited for the experiment. Two of them were excluded due to musculoskeletal disorders. The muscle activity and pain in the forward-leaning posture were assessed while participants washed dishes for 7 minutes with and without a head support. The condition of using a head support was randomly performed with a 5-minutes break. To confirm a lumbar flexion angle of 30° during the experiment, myoVIDEO was used, and surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity. Pain was assessed using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the data, with p < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Results: The cervical, thoracic, and lumbar erector spinae muscle activities significantly decreased with the use of the head support, but there was no significant change in the gluteus maximus. There was a significant decrease in the VAS score for the lumbar erector spinae (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in the VAS score for the cervical region. Conclusion: The use of a head support in a forward-leaning posture reduced cervical, thoracic, and lumbar erector muscle activity and pain. Therefore, it could be recommended during working in a forward-leaning posture, such as during dishwashing, cooking, and working as a factory employee.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2019

본 연구는 깊은목굽힘근운동과 등뼈 관절가동운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 통증, 전방머리자세에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구대상자는 36명은 사전측정 후 무작위로 깊은목굽힘근군(DNFE), 등뼈 관절가동운동군(TROM), 대조군으로 각각 12명씩 배정되었다. 중재 전후에 통증(VAS), 두개척추각도(CVA), 두개회전각도(CRA), 전방머리내밈자세(FHP), 등뼈관절가동범위(TROM)를 측정하였다. 그 결과. DNFE 군과 TROM 군은 중재 전후 VAS, CVA, CRA, FHP, TROM에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 두 군은 대조군에 비해 VAS, CVA, CRA, FHP, TROM에서 보였다(p<.05). 결론적으로 깊은목굽힘근운동과 등뼈 가동범위운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 전방머리자세와 목통증 회복에 효과적이었다. 그러므로 임상에서 뇌졸중 환자 중재프로그램에 깊은목굽힘근운동과 등뼈 가동범위운동을 적극적으로 활용되기를 바란다.