• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.575-580
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• 2004

In this work, the effect of composite couplings and mass distributions on hub loads of a hingeless rotor in forward flight is investigated. 1'he hingeless composite rotor is idealized as a laminated thin-walled box-beam. The nonclassical effects such as transverse shear and torsion warping are considered in the structural formulation. The nonlinear differential equations of motion are obtained by applying Hamilton's principle. The blade responses and hub loads are calculated using a finite element formulation both in space and time. The aerodynamic forces acting on the blade are calculated using the quasi-steady strip theory. The theory includes the effects of reversed flow and compressibility The magnitude of elastic couplings obtained by MSC/NASTRAN is compared with the classical pitch-flap($\delta$$_{3}$) coupling. It is observed that the elastic couplings and mass distributions of the blade have a substantial effect on the behavior of $N_{b/}$rev hub loads. About 40% hub loads is reduced by tailoring or redistributing the structural properties of the blade.f the blade.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.615-626
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 전진 비행하는 탠덤로터의 로터 겹침에 의한 간섭효과에 대해 연구하였다. 기 개발된 시간전진 자유후류 모델이 고려된 비정상 패널 코드는 후류와 깃(blade)이 아주 근접한 경우에 불안정성이 발생하였다. 이를 제거하기 위해서 장속도기법을 적용하여 코드를 개선하였다. 개선된 코드를 이용하여 전진 비행하는 탠덤로터의 상호작용에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 인자인 로터 간격과 전진비에 따른 파라메타 연구를 수행하였다. 공력성능의 비교를 통해 겹침유도동력계수는 일정한 전진비 이후에는 로터 사이의 수평 거리의 영향은 거의 받지 않으며, 수직 거리의 제곱에 반비례하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 전진비가 증가함에 따라 겹침유도동력계수는 증가하다가 감소하는 경향을 보였다.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.477-484
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• 1998

An analytical procedure on the base of the substructure synthesis and assumed modes method is developed to investigate the flexibility effect of bladed disk assembly on vibrational modes of flexible rotor system. In modeling the system, Coriolis forces, gyroscopic moments, and centrifugal stiffening effects are taken into account. The coupled vibrations between the shaft and bladed disk are then extensively investigated through the numerical simulation of simplified models, with varying the shaft rotational speed and the prewist and stagger angles of the blade. It is found that the Coriolis and inertia forces and the inertia torque, which are induced by the one nodal diameter modes of the bladed disk and vary depending upon the stagger and prewist angles, lead to the coupled motions of the shaft and the bladed disk.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2003

본 논문은 헬리콥터 로터 시스템 설계시 고려해야 할 구조동역학 분야와 차세대 저진동 블레이드를 설계하는 과정을 소개하였다. 일반적으로 로터 시스템 설계시 허브 하중 최소화, 지상공진 방지 및 저진동 특성 등을 만족하도록 고유 진동수 범위를 정하게 된다. 먼저 로터 시스템에 대한 회전수별 고유 진동수 도표를 통해 로터 회전 속도와 공진영역이 생기지 않도록 설계하며 다음으로 동체에 전달되는 진동 하중 크기를 예측하기 위해 회전시 블레이드에서 발생되는 하중을 허브 중심의 비회전계 좌표축 성분으로 전환한다. 헬리콥터 전진 비행속도에 따라 동체에 전달되는 하중 크기를 구하고 동체를 강체로 모델링하여 조종속에서 발생되는 가속도를 계산함으로써 저진동 특성을 예측하였다. 본 설계기법은 현재 수행중인 차세대 로터 시스템 개발에 적용되고 있으며 향후 국내 개발 로터 시스템에 유용하게 적용될 것이다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2014

Purpose: Walking type cultivator used for weeding generated excessive handle vibration as well as bouncing motion depending on the weeding speed. This research was conducted to define a design factor of the rotary weeding blades for reducing soil reaction forces as well as hand vibration. Methods: The motion and forces acting on the rotary blades were reviewed to find out the most influencing parameter on hand vibration. The installation angle (IA) of the blade was selected and analyzed to determine the condition of no reaction force less. For removing the unnecessary upward soil reaction, the design factor theory of weeding blade was suggested based on geometrics and dynamics. For evaluation of design factor theory, the experiment in situ was performed base on ISO 5349:1. The vibration $a_{hv}$ and theoretical value $X_{MF}$ were compared with two groups that one was positive group ($X_{MF}$ > 0) and the other was negative group ($X_{MF}$ < 0). Results: $X_{MF}$ was derived from rotational velocity, forward velocity, disk diameter, weeding depth, blade's width and IA of blade. Two groups had significant difference (p < 0.05). In aspect of the group mean total exposure duration, positive group was 17.53% bigger than negative group. When disk radius 100, 150 and 200 mm, minimum IAs were $4{\sim}27^{\circ}$, $3{\sim}15^{\circ}$ and $2{\sim}10^{\circ}$, respectively. A spread sheet program which calculated XMF was developed by Excel 2013. Conclusions: According to this result, minimum IA of weeding blade for soil reaction reduction could be obtained. For reduction hand-arm vibration and power consumption, minimum IA is needed.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2011

Unsteady flow simulations of complete helicopter configurations were conducted, and the flow fields and the aerodynamic interferences between the main rotor, fuselage, and tail rotor were investigated. For these simulations, a three-dimensional flow solver based on unstructured meshes was used, coupled with an overset mesh technique to handle relative motion among those components. To validate the flow solver, calculations were made for a UH-60A complete helicopter configuration at high-speed and low-speed forward flight conditions, and the unsteady airloads on the main rotor blade were compared to available flight test data and other calculated results. The results showed that the fuselage changed the rotor inflow distribution in the main rotor blade airloads. Such unsteady vibratory airloads were produced on the fuselage, which were nearly in-phase with the blade passage over the fuselage. The flow solver was then applied to the simulation of a generic complete helicopter configuration at various flight conditions, and the results were compared with those of the CAMRAD-II comprehensive analysis code. It was found that the main rotor blades strongly interact with a pair of disk-vortices at the outer edge of the rotor disk plane, which leads to high pulse airloads on the blade, and these airloads behave differently depending on the specific flight condition.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.310-315
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• 2003

This paper described that rotating test and fatigue test of a small-scale hingeless hub system with composite rectangular blades. Generally Rotating stability and fatigue test technique is one of Key-technology on test and evaluation for helicopter rotor system Rotating test of hingeless rotor system was achieved by means of rotor vibration characteristic and aeroelastic stability test GSRTS, equipped with hydraulic actuator and 6-component rotating balance was used to test hingeless rotor system especially for an observation of blade motion including flawing, lagging and feathering. Rotating test was done in hover and forward flight condition. Small-scaled blade fatigue test condition was determined by blade load analysis with the reference table of composite materials(S-N curve). Fatigue test bench was developed for the estimation of blade fatigue life, and tested its characteristic.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.734-740
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• 2004

In this work, the effect of composite couplings and mass distributions on hub loads of a hingeless rotor in forward flight is investigated. The hingeless composite rotor is idealized as a laminated thin-walled box-beam. The nonclassical effects such as transverse shear and torsion warping are considered In the structural formulation. The nonlinear differential equations of motion are obtained by applying Hamilton’s principle. The blade responses and hub loads are calculated using a finite element formulation both in space and time. The aerodynamic forces acting on the blade are calculated using the quasi-steady strip theory. The theory includes the effects of reversed flow and compressibility. The magnitude of elastic couplings obtained by MSC/NASTRAN is compared with the classical pitch-flap($\delta$$_3$) coupling. It Is observed that the elastic couplings and mass distributions of the blade have a substantial effect on the behavior of $N_{b}$ /rev hub loads. About 40％ hub loads is reduced by tailoring or redistributing the structural properties of the blade.e.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2010

본 논문은 헬리콥터 로터 블레이드 플랜폼 설계를 위해 개발된 공력 최적설계 기법의 응용에 대한 내용이다. 블레이드 스팬 방향에 따른 익형의 배치, 비틀림 및 시위 등의 최적 분포를 결정하여 호버링 figure of merit과 고속 전진비행 시 등가 양항비를 최대화하는 설계문제를 정식화 하였다. 다양한 설계문제에 대해 최적설계 기법의 특성을 파악하였으며, 본 연구의 설계기법과 성능예측에 사용된 모델링 특성과 관련된 장점과 제한점에 대해 검토하였다. 보다 정확한 최적형상의 설계를 위해 요구되는 모델링 개선방향에 대한 검토와 향후 연구분야를 정의하였다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.1726-1731
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• 2004

This paper presents the response surface optimization method using three-dimensional Navier-Stokes analysis to optimize the shape of a forward-curved blades centrifugal fan. For numerical analysis, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with $k-{\varepsilon}$ turbulence model are discretized with finite volume approximations. In order to reduce huge computing time due to a large number of blades in forward-curved blades centrifugal fan, the flow inside of the fan is regarded as steady flow by introducing the impeller force models. Three geometric variables, i.e., location of cut off, radius of cut off, and width of impeller, and one operating variable, i.e., flow rate, were selected as design variables. As a main result of the optimization, the efficiency was successfully improved. And, optimum design flow rate was found by using flow rate as one of design variables. It was found that the optimization process provides reliable design of this kind of fans with reasonable computing time.