• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2015

The Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) is an endemic subspecies in Taiwan. The original wild deer has been extinct since the late 1960s. The largest captive population is located at the Taipei Zoo. Except for infectious disease outbreaks, no systemic medical research has been reported for this subspecies. This study was conducted to analyze the medical status of the captive Formosan sika deer population, including the hematological and serum chemistry characteristics. To accomplish this, medical records for 34 Formosan sika deer from January 2003 to January 2014 were acquired and analyzed. The most common illness and cause of death was trauma, followed by gastrointestinal and respiratory disease, respectively. The hematologic and serum chemical values of healthy adults were quite different from those of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). This study provides a closer medical understanding of this subspecies and the results will facilitate its management.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2002

The case reports for clostridium type A enterotoxemia in Formosan deer have rarely been reported. This paper describes a natural case of type A enterotoxemia in farmed Formosan deer in Cheongwon-gun. A dead, male 10-month-old Formosan deer was submitted to Chungbuk Livestock and Veterinary Research Institute, March 24, 2001 and examined. That deer was fed with assorted grain feed, oak leaves, acorn and bean curd. Grossly there was no visible external change. Despite of the carcass being examined within 12 hours of death, there was a quite degree of posonortem decomposition. There was severe hemorrhage in the serosa of abomasum and small intestine. Much blood tinged and watery contents were contained in those organs. Also there were severe swelling of spleen, some red foci in hepatic parenchyma. Microscopically there were severe congestion and hemorrhage in mucosa submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa of abomasum and small intestine. Also spleen and pancreas showed severe Congestion and hemorrhage. There were multifocal hemorrhage with hepatic necrosis in periportal area and focal mononuclear cell deposition in sinusoid. In bacterial culture for small intestine, Cl perfringens was isolated. By toxin typing for the strain, that had $\alpha$ -toxin belonged to type A. In electronmicroscopy for feces, no vims particle was detected. Considering clinical signs, gross lesions, microscopic lesions, bacterial culture, and toxin typing of the isolate, this case was diagnosed as enterotoxemia by Cl perfringens type A.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1978

An outbreak of hemorrhagic septicemia was reported in a herd of 25 Formosan deer and 27 elks, 3 of Formosan deer and 4 of elks died of it. Clinically they were characterized by dullness, anorexia, loss of rumination, bloody and mucous soft feces, and sudd

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 1984

The hemoglobin phenotype and the gene frequencies of 44 Formosan deer(Cervus nippon) in Kyung-Gi area were examined by using cellulose acetate and starch gel electrophoresis. 1. The method of cellulose acetate electrophoresis was simplier, more clear and preserative than starch gel electrophoresis. 2. The hemoglobin phenotype was appeared 3 types as $Hb^F$ $Hb^{FS}$ and $Hb^S$. The frequencies of appearance were $Hb^F$ 47.7%, $Hb^{FS}$ 47.7% and $Hb^S$ 4.5%, respectively. 3. The genetic factors of hemoglobin were observed as $Hb^F$ and $Hb^S$ and the rates of gene frequencies were 71.6% and 28.4%, respectively.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.542-551
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• 2017

The quality characteristics of velvet antlers obtained from Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor Swinhoi) (SDVA), harvested from 63 to 81 d during the velvet antler growth period, were evaluated by investigating the relationships between antioxidant levels; including content, activity, and content/activity ratios, and physical properties; including shear force values, color, and Ca content. The hardness of samples from base velvet antler sections increased, and that the color of these samples tended to become reddish-yellow (redder and more yellow), suggesting that the Ca content in the base section of the sample was not ossified yet. Samples from the upper sections of velvet antler showed higher superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) content (3.91 to 1.50 mg/mL, 2.53 to 0.90 mg/mL, and 3.95 to 1.58 mg/mL, respectively) than did samples from the middle and base sections (p<0.05). The activity and content/activity ratios of GPX measured in the upper section were also found to be significantly greater than in the middle and base sections (p<0.05). We further observed that the content and activity of GPX was significantly and negatively correlated with Ca content, shear force values, and the content/activity ratio of this antioxidant (p<0.01). The study findings may serve as a reference index for quality evaluations of velvet antlers of Formosan sambar deer in future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.573-578
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• 1994

A lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in a 4-year-old female Formosan sika deer presented with persistent reproductive failure, anorexia, depression and diarrhea. Characteristic pathological findings were infiltration of neoplastic lymphoid cells and cancer emboli in the lymph nodes, heart, lung, kidney, urinary bladder, ovary, uterus and peritoneal fat tissue.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2023

This study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2022 at Gulup island, Incheon, South Korea, to identify activity patterns of Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) introduced in island areas, using camera trapping. We described the daily activity patterns of Formosan sika deer in each season by analyzing kernel density estimates of capture frequency and checked seasonal differences in daily activity patterns by analyzing the overlap coefficient between seasons. Formosan sika deers introduced to Gulup island showed a crepuscular behavior pattern only in winter and no distinct pattern from spring to fall. The crepuscular behavior pattern is typical for deers to reduce the risk of predation, and it is determined that Formosan sika deers introduced to Gulup island were affected by population control of the species by the local government in the winter. It was in contrast to the fact that human activities, such as backpacking, frequently carried out from spring to fall, did not affect the behavior of Formosan sika deers. Moreover, low winter temperatures have been shown to affect the nocturnal activities of Formosan sika deers in winter. The behavior patterns of Formosan sika deers overlapped least between summer and winter due to cold winter weather and population control. The relationship between the temporal status of Formosan sika deers and seasonal temperature confirmed in this study can be important basic ecological data for establishing control measures of Formosan sika deers introduced not only in islands but also in inland.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1978

In this work the concentration of serum protein and bilirubin, thymol turbidity, and the activities of SGOT and SGPT were examined in deer (one $P\'{e}re$ David's deer, one Red deer and 5 Formosan deer) raising at Yongin Farm Land. The results

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1983

The present study was conducted to clarify the presence or absence of isohemagglutinin and isohemolysin and, if present, to classify blood types in the Formosan deer. It was found that, though the titers were relatively low, isohemagglutinin and isohemolysin were present in the deer sera. Results obtained before and after heat treatment of the deer sera at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes were variable, some stable and some unstable to the treatment and still some showing the activities only after the heat treatment. Rabbits, when immunized with deer blood cells, responded with very high titers both in agglutination and hemolysis tests and the activities were not inactivated by the treatment of the immune sera at $56^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. Using four rabbit immune sera to different deer blood cells following blood types were recognized among 30 heads of deer; 1. by hemagglutination test A : positive to all four immune sere (13 heads). B : positive to the immune sera of 7BS and 8BS but negative to those of 1BS and 3BS (8 heads). C : positive to the sera of 3BS, 7BS and 8BS but negative to that of 1BS (9 heads). 2. by hemolysis test A : positive to all four immune sera (24 heads). B : positive to the immune sera of 7BS and 8BS but negative to those of 1BS and 3BS (3 heads). C : positive to the sera of 3BS, 7BS and 8BS but negative to that of 1BS (3 heads).

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.121-123
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• 2017

The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans. Zoonotic HEV strains have been isolated from several animal species, including pigs. New HEV variants have been recently isolated from camels in the Middle East. In the present study, fecal samples from fallow deer, formosan deer, alpaca, and guanaco were analyzed for the detection of HEV. One HEV strain was detected from guanaco, a species of camelids. The nucleotide sequence of guanaco HEV was identical to those of deer HEV-3 strains, which implied the cross-species transmission of HEV-3 from deer to guanaco.