• Title/Summary/Keyword: Forming Height

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Heating and Cooling Channel Design of Cross-Shaped Die for Warm Forming of Magnesium Alloy Sheet (Mg 온간성형을 위한 십자형상 금형의 가열/냉각 채널 설계)

  • Choi, S.C.;Ko, D.S.;Kim, H.Y.;Kim, H.J.;Hong, S.M.;Ryu, S.Y.;Shin, Y.S.
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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    • 2008.05a
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    • pp.370-373
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    • 2008
  • It is known that the temperatures of die, punch, holder and punch pad need to be kept different to get better formability in Mg sheet forming processes. Heating and cooling channels are usually equipped in each tool to assign different temperature. This study focused on the optimal design of the heating and cooling channels for a cross-shaped deep drawing die set. While the die and blankholder were heated to and kept at $250^{\circ}C$ by using heat cartridges, the punch and punch pad were kept at much lower temperature than that of the die and blankholder by water circulating through cooling channels. All the approaches were done by numerical analyses, aiming to maximize the cup height and to minimize the punch corner radius without any failure.

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A Study on Characteristics of the Material Flow Side-Extrusion by UBET (UBET에 의한 측방압출에서의 재료유동특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kang-Soo;Kim, Young-Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.116-121
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    • 1999
  • Since the material flow near the die part in CONFORM (Continuous Extrusion Forming) process is similar to that of side-extrusion, the side-extrusion model of tube shaped aluminum profiles was studied for the die design in CONFORM process. In this paper, the effects of process parameters in the side -extrusion through a two-hole die face, such as material flow, height and thickness of the tube, velocities of punch and lengths of bearing land were investigated using UBET program and DEFORM commercial FEM code. The optimum lengths of the bearing lands and punch velocities for obtaining the straight shape products required were determined.

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Effect of Heat Treatments on the Steel Tube Hydroformabillity (열처리 영향도에 따른 강관 하이드로포밍 성형성 분석)

  • Park, Kwang-Soo;Kim, Bong-Joon;Moon, Young-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.223-228
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    • 2005
  • Tube hydroforming provides a number of advantages over conventional stamping process, including fewer secondary operation, weight reduction, assembly simplification, adaptability to forming of complex structural components and improved structural strength and stiffness. It can produce wide range of products such as subframe, engine cradle, and exhaust manifold. In this study, the effect of the heat treatment conditions such as post seam annealing (PSA) and bright annealing (BA) on the ovality and hydro-formability of steel tubes has been investigated. Hydroformabilities have been estimated by the bulging heights obtained at various processing parameters such as internal pressure, axial feeding and heat treatment conditions. The ovality and forming height are strongly influenced by material properties after heat treatments.

3D Accuracy Enhancement of BGA Shiny Round Ball Using Optical Triangulation Method (광삼각법을 이용한 고반사 BGA 볼의 정밀 높이 측정 방법)

  • Joo, Byeong Gwon;Cho, Taik Dong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.32 no.9
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    • pp.799-805
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    • 2015
  • The further development of information, communication and digital media technologies requires the use of advanced, miniaturized semiconductor chips that operate at a high frequency. Die bonding and wire bonding methods for semiconductor packaging have been replaced by direct attachment to the substrate after forming a bump on the chip. However, the height of the bump or ball is an important factor for defects during assembly. This paper proposes an algorithm to measure the height of the bumps or balls in semiconductor packaging with greater accuracy. The performance of the proposed algorithm is experimentally validated. Non-contact 3D measurements of a shiny round ball is quite difficult, and it is not easy to obtain accurate data. This paper thus proposes an optical method and technique to improve the measurement accuracy.

A Study on Weldability Criteria of Mash Seam Tailored Blank Welds in the Ultra-low Carbon Steel Applied on Automotive Body (극저탄소강의 Mash Seam TB 용접성 평가에 관한 연구)

  • 한창우;이창희;이명호
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.538-543
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    • 2002
  • M/S TB(Mash Seam Tailored Blank) is a production method for blanks by welding together blanks of different material, thickness and coating, and is an attractive method for manufacturing car body because it makes parts lighter and can save the cost and time to manufacture. However, there have not been quantified criteria to evaluate the quality of TB weld. This study introduced FHR (failure height ratio) in order to assess formability or/and weldability of the M/S welds and the applicability of FHR was confirmed by actual auto body forming and FLD tests. Furthermore, a new parameter, HN(heat number) based on the heat input of "$Q=I^2Rt$" was proposed and assessed. It was found that the concept of HN could be utilized to evaluate the soundness of M/S welds without any destructive tests.ive tests.

Preform Design for the Sinter-forging Process of Arc-shaped Powdered Magnets (원호 형상을 가지는 분말자석 단조성형공정에서의 예비성형체 설계)

  • Kim, Seung-Ho;Lee, Choong-Ho;Huh, Hoon
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 1999
  • Tube Process(TP) is one of the processes to produce permanent magnets. Advantage claimed for this process is that it can accmplish both densification and anisotropication in one step forming. This process is distinguished from other processes since it uses deformable tube for densification of powder magnets. TP has, however, difficulties in manufacturing permanent magnets from Nd-Fe-B green powder due to folding resulted from large height reduction and localized densification. Therefore, an adequate preform is necessary to reduce folding resulted from large height reduction and localized densification. Therefore, an adequate preform is necessary to reduce folding, lead magnets into almost desired final shape and get uniform densification. In this paper, preform design for TP is carried out without a deformable tube to investigate the behaviour of magnet sinter-forging. Preform design is accomplished to increase the effective magnet area with a near net shape and uniform densification.

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A Study on the Burr Height in Shearing Steel Sheet for Automobile Parts (자동차용 강판의 전단작업시 발생하는 버어에 관한 연구)

  • Ko, D.L.;Jung, D.W.;Kim, J.M.;Lee, K.S.
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.47-52
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    • 2007
  • Punching, blanking, trimming and slitting are widely used in shearing processes in sheet metal forming of automotive parts. In this paper the effects of clearance, cutting angle and tool sharpness on the formation of burr were investigated by experimental method in shearing processes of steel sheets, SPCEN and SPRC35E. The amount of burr and the shapes of burr were different between two kinds of steel sheets. It has been shown that the cutting angle of the shearing blade had no effects on the height of burr when the clearance was below the 10% of the steel sheet thickness, and also that the height and shape of burr were not affected by the cutting angle when the wear of shearing blade was below the 10% of the steel sheet thickness. It was known that there had been existing the critical clearance of 10 to 15% for the tested steel sheet, SPCEN and SPRC35E.

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An Experimental Study on the Improvement of Fire Extinguishing Performance of Water Mist with Foam (포 소화약제를 혼합한 미분무수 소화시스템의 소화성능 향상 방안에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Hwang, Won-Jun;Kim, Hwang-Jin;Oh, Kyu-Hyung;Lee, Sung-Eun;Kim, Sung-Won
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.61-66
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    • 2009
  • We carried out the water mist fire extinguishing experiments with the 3 kinds of foaming agents varied on the nozzle height. Test result showed that 2% AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) and 1% synthetic foaming agent for water mist system are the faster extinguishing time than the pure water mist and 3% AFFF solution. Additionally, the best fire extinguishing performance of pure water mist was shown at 3.5m nozzle height and that of the foaming agents shown at 4m nozzle height.

Impact of Lumen Size and Helical Coil Place Change in Spring on Orthodontic Force (Spring의 lumen size와 helical coil 형성 위치 변화가 교정력에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Gyu-Sun;Lee, Sun-Kyoung;Kim, Bok-Dong
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.331-337
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to impact of force system change in finger spring that add helical coil one round on orthodontic force. Methods: The following conclusions were drawn from the experiment conducted after bending 90 samples with a CNC wire forming machine while changing the height and lumen size to 1mm - 3mm - 5mm and 2mm - 3mm - 4mm respectively in the coil of the force system in finger spring added with one wheel of helical coil of 18-8 stainless steel round wire (${\Phi}0.5mm$, spring hard) from Jinsung Co. in domestic market under the following conditions: Laboratory name = Instron 5942; Temperature($deg^{\circ}C$) = 18.00; Humidity(%) = 50.00; Rate 1 = 10.00000 mm/min; Compressive extension = 5.0mm. Results: When Coil height is 1, 3, 5mm and lumen size is 2, 3, 4mm reduce finger spring as mean value of compressive extension occasion maximum load(mN) increases as coil height rises, and lumen size grows to 5.0mm. And was expose that compressive load(mN) increases as coil position of finger spring rises and increase as lumen size is decrescent. Conclusion: As the adherence height of coil was raised from 1mm through 3mm to 5mm, compressive load increased. As the lumen size increased from 2mm through 3mm to 4mm, compressive load decreased. Therefore, these results suggest that it is desirable to lower the coil height and enlarge the lumen size to enhance the biomechanical efficiency of finger spring when manufacturing the finger spring for removable orthodontic devices.

Research on the Effect of the Control Methods of Irrigation Water on the Growth and Yield of Paddy Rice. (한발기에 있어서 용수관리 방법이 수도생육과 그 수량에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김시원
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.2177-2190
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    • 1971
  • This experiment was made to determienthe effect of various soil moisture contents in simulated drought conditions on different stages of rice growth. The drought conditions were developed at such three rice-growing stages as transplanting, immediately after transplanting and young ear forming. Three different lengths of drought periods, which are ten days, twenty days and thirty days, were applied for each growing stage of rice. The rice variety used this experiment is Nong-rim 29. This experiment was conducted at the university farm of the Kon-Kuk University during the period of $1968{\sim}1970$. Three reprications for each of 12 treatments and split plot design were employed in this study. Bottomless wood square boxes, $1^m{\times}1^m{\times}1^m$, were burried in the test plot and box top was covered with poloyethylene sheets to avoid natural rainfall drops. Standard plots were irrigated continuously with a water depth of 40mm/day and those of drought treatments were irrigated continuously up to the beginning of the planned drought period, and they were irrigated again with a depth of 40mm/day up to the maturing stage of rice. Other methods for rice raising followed those methods developed by the Field Crops Experiment Station of the Office of Rural Development. During this experiments, climatic conditions in regard to rainfalls, sunshine hours, and temperatures were observed. According to this observation, those values measured deviate slightly from the annual means. However the growing condition of rice plants were normal. The pH value of irritation water is nearly neutral, and soils in the test plots are relatively fertile, being similar to ordinary paddy soils. Analysis of variances for number of stalks, plan-height, ear sprouting date, length of stalks, ear length, number of ears per plant, fertility, grain weitght, weight of plant, and yield were carried out. The variances for plant height, ear sprouting date, length of stalk ear length, and yield has statistical significance under drought treatments applied at three different growing stages. The variance showing the effect of lengths of drought period is highly significant for all the treatments studied except that of grain weight. The interaction between drought periods and drought treatments at different growing stages is significant for plant height, stalk length, ear length, number of ears, fertility and yield, these results indicated that droughts at different growing stages have influence on plant height, ear length, yield, and length of drought period also has strong influence on all factors studied except grain weight. The combination of drought treatments at different rice growing stages and lengths of drought periods has different effects on various agronomic characteristics, including yield. Plant height under drought treatment practiced at transplanting stage is the lowest, and drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting resulted in the least number of stalks. The effect of different lengths of drought periods on plant height and number of stalks depends signis ficantly on increasing days of drought. Ear sprouting date tends to be delayed for one or two days undedrought treatments at transplanting period and with increasing days of drought. Better yield is secured in drought treatment applied immediately after transplanting. Adverse effect war observed when drought treatment was applied at ear forming period. These effects may be attributed to the alternation of irrigation and drought causing vigorous root activity. In general, yield linearly decreases as the length of the drought period increases. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that, in order to mimimize damage due to drought, and, to save irrigation water, paddy fields, immediately after transplanting, may be not irrigated, since there is sufficient moisture in the soil, and that sufficient irrigation water should be applied again in the ear forming stage of rice plant.

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