• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.855-863
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• 2000

Although Behavior-Knowledge Space (BKS) method, one of well known decision combination methods, does not need any assumptions in combining the multiple experts, it should theoretically build exponential storage spaces for storing and managing jointly observed K decisions from K experts. That is, combining K experts needs a (K+1)st-order probability distribution. However, it is well known that the distribution becomes unmanageable in storing and estimating, even for a small K. In order to overcome such weakness, it has been studied to decompose a probability distribution into a number of component distributions and to approximate the distribution with a product of the component distributions. One of such previous works is to apply a conditional independence assumption to the distribution. Another work is to approximate the distribution with a product of only first-order tree dependencies or second-order distributions as shown in [1]. In this paper, higher order dependency than the first-order is considered in approximating the distribution and a dependency-based framework is proposed to optimally approximate the (K+1)st-order probability distribution with a product set of dth-order dependencies where ($1{\le}d{\le}K$), and to combine multiple experts based on the product set using the Bayesian formalism. This framework was experimented and evaluated with a standardized CENPARMI data base.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• 제123권
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• pp.87-110
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• 2012

The kitsch was emerged from the people's cultural desire in the conditions of the various duplicating technology, the capital economy system, and the civil revolution in the western modern mass society. But it is underestimated constantly because of the conspicious consumption and the aesthetic inadequacy. Even though some kitsches are elevated to the 'kitsch arts' in the historical description of the modern arts, still the most of kitsches are remained as 'just kitsches' and excluded from the aesthetic research according to the double standard. In this essay, I research for whether anti-kitsch theory is convincing theoretically and practically. Anti-kitsch theory criticizes the kitsch on the basis of the modernist aesthetics, in which the 'fine art' provokes the aesthetic pleasure in the disinterested contemplation. But kitsch purposes for the sensual gratification and the sentimentality. So the anti-kitish theorists conclude that the kitsch is the bad taste. In critically analyzing the argumentation of Greenberg's. Kaplan's and $C{\tilde{a}}linescu^{\prime}s$, I refute the privileged prejudice of the ideal critic. They don't justify the criteria of the classification of 'art'/ 'kitsch'. They supplement the economical and the political grounds for the evaluative theory of the kitsch. But the argumentation of the kitsch is consumed conspicuously and results in the unlettered masses is not sufficient. People produce and enjoy the kitsches in the various ways. People envelope the genres, styles and media of the kitsches and they try to suggest the new horizon of the popular aesthetics. So anti-kitsch theories cannot be accepted because they adhere to the elitism and formalism. The exclusion of the kitsch is the derogation for people's taste. Also they didn't reflect the contemporary cultural practice and the aesthetic needs in the system of post-art. The alternative aesthetics of the kitsch is the topic of my next essay.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• 제48권
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• pp.325-359
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• 2017

The works of a literary and cultural historian Franco Moretti are conspicuous in many ways. Trained in Marxism and Russian formalism, he participated in the construction of the New Left in England. Also, he interestingly interpreted the socialization of the individual through the genre of bildungsroman. Then, he shifted his research interest to the notion of world literature, and to explore its global scale, he developed his own quantitative approach combined with advanced computer technology in digital humanities. His recent publication reveals that Moretti conducted a social critique of the European bourgeois culture with his new quantitative method. His macroscopic view of literature and use of cutting-edge technology in his research inspire historians of Korean literature located in the so-called periphery of world literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the idea of world literature outlined by Franco Moretti by reviewing his method called "distant reading" and examples of such an approach. His distant reading is to construct a macroscopic archive through inclusion of forgotten works from literary history and to analyze morphological patterns that frequently appear in the archive. His book entitled Graphs, Maps, Trees is a collection of examples of which he applied distant reading. By delving into such cases, I will raise questions about Moretti's macroscopic perspective of world literature in conjunction with Korean literature. As located at the periphery of global circulation of literary knowledge, Korea appropriated Western genres, established its literary institutions, and developed book markets through modern newspapers and magazines. This experience of furthering modern literature through periodicals would provide another view to revisit Moretti's world literature.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• 제31호
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• pp.263-287
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• 2011

Li-Gu was a Confucianist who criticized traditional 'attend to Righteousness and neglect Profit' idea and insisted that people affirmed 'Proprietiy' and 'Interest', which accorded with human nature and desire. He said that 'Proprieties' was made by adjusting one's material life and natural desire. Therefore, if we want 'Propriety' is manifested itself, we must affirm and satisfy the material life and natural desire first. He asserted that if we didn't follow this, the people's life would be devastated and the nation would face a big crisis. Li-Gu's thought not only gave Wang An Suk's Reformation a theoretical basics, but also attached the new and reformist meanings to 'Propriety', which had been changing meaningless and abstract, by criticizing Songming Confucian School and put great stress on uniting the inside and outside. In this article, through examining Li-Gu's the idea of Righteousness and Profit, King and Ruler, Inside and Outside, we can consider what the real 'Propriety' is and what kind of practical meaning 'Propriety' has.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.113-126
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• 2021

The future energy consumption pattern will show a very different pattern from the present due to the increase of distributed power sources such as renewable energy and the birth of the concept of prosumers, etc. Accordingly, it can be predicted that the direction of establishment of an appropriate production and supply plan considering the stability and consumption efficiency of the entire power grid will also be different from now. This paper proposes a simulation model that can test a new operational strategy when faced with a number of possible future environments. Through the proposed model, it is possible to simulate and analyze power consumed and supplied in a future Smart Grid environment, in which a large amount of new concepts including energy storage service (ESS) and distributed energy resources (DER) will be added. In particular, it is possible to model complex systems structurally by using DEVS formalism among the ABM (Agent-Based Model) methodologies that can model decision-making for each agent existing in the grid, and several factors can be easily added to the grid. The simulation model was verified using given dataset in the current situation, and scenario analysis was performed by simply adding an ESS, one of the main elements of the smart grid, to the model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• 제43호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to seek for a new exhibition form of floral art design that deviates from formalism by suggesting a planning exhibition with storytelling away from the unilinear exhibition composition method of floral art design currently being held in Korea. Storytelling in flower art exhibition is to construct an easy-to-understand exhibition through the use of the four-step construction method of introduction-development-turn-conclusion, or the three-step construction method of intro-body-conclusion. It is intended to efficiently propose interaction between creators and viewers. In order to seek for diversification of floral art design, it is necessary to secure a convergent view that has been blowing since the Millennial, collaborate with other fields, or attempt exhibition planning that reflects storytelling. The main function of the exhibition is to meet and communicate directly with the public. This study intends to propose the exhibition structure and implementation direction of floral art exhibition through the case of 'Hwawanggye' held at the Sungkyunkwan University Museum in 2017, focusing on the exhibition where storytelling is applied. Through this study, it is expected that the discourse in the field of floral art will be expanded, and various networks of aesthetic suggestions and floral art design with storytelling will be boosted.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2023

In recent years, naval vessels have been developed to fulfill a variety of missions by being equipped with various cutting-edge equipment and ICT technologies. One of the main missions of Korean naval vessels is anti-ballistic missile warfare to defend key units and areas against the growing threat of ballistic missiles. Because the process of detection and interception is too complex and the cost of failure is much high, a lot of preparation is required to effectively conduct anti-ballistic missile warfare. This paper describes the development of a simulation model of anti-ballistic missile warfare with combat systems and equipment to be installed on future naval vessels. In particular, the DEVS formalism providing a modular and hierarchical modeling manner was applied to the simulation model, which can be utilized to efficiently represent various anti-ballistic missile warfare situations. In the simulation results presented, experiments were conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the model for effective detection resource management in anti-ballistic missile warfare. This study is expected to be utilized as a variety of analysis tools necessary to determine the optimal deployment and configuration of combat resources and operational tactics required for effective anti-ballistic missile warfare of ships in the future.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제50집
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• pp.99-137
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• 2024

This study explores the meaning of mutual life-giving within the concept of Non-self-deception (無自欺) in Daesoon Thought by comparing it with Kant's deontological ethics, Mill's utilitarianism, and Bergson's ethics. Kantian ethics defines moral actions through the categorical imperative, emphasizing the principle of acting according to universal laws. In contrast, Mill's utilitarianism views actions that produce good results as morally good, aiming for happiness and pleasure. Non-self-deception in Daesoon Thought is defined as "abandoning selfish desires and regaining one's conscience," fundamentally based on not engaging in falsehoods. Regarding self-deception, Kant and Mill's systems of ethical thought offer different solutions. Kant argues that self-deception cannot be made a universal law according to the categorical imperative, while Mill allows for self-deception, such as lying, if it promotes overall utility. While Non-self-deception is closer to Kantian ethics in principle, it emphasizes not only ethical forms like the categorical imperative but also ethical content such as human relations and mutual beneficence. Furthermore, non-self-deception complements the potential weaknesses of Kantian ethics, which may lean towards intellectualism or formalism, by considering that in certain situations, expedient measures or silence can be regarded as moral emotional actions embodying mutual beneficence. Moreover, this open characteristic of mutual life-giving ethics aligns with Bergson's concept of "open morality," which sublimates instinct and intellect into emotions of love like philanthropy. In this context, the practical ethics of non-self-deception can be understood as the foundation of a new moral principle embodying inclusive ideals such as the 'harmonious virtue of yin and yang' and the 'resolution of grievances for mutual life-giving.'

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2011

Currently, the dose distribution calculation used by commercial treatment planning systems (TPSs) for high-dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is derived from point and line source approximation method recommended by AAPM Task Group 43 (TG-43). However, the study of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is required in order to assess the accuracy of dose calculation around three-dimensional Ir-192 source. In this study, geometry factor was calculated using segmented sources integration method by dividing microSelectron HDR Ir-192 source into smaller parts. The Monte Carlo code (MCNPX 2.5.0) was used to calculate the dose rate $\dot{D}(r,\theta)$ at a point ($r,\theta$) away from a HDR Ir-192 source in spherical water phantom with 30 cm diameter. Finally, anisotropy function and radial dose function were calculated from obtained results. The obtained geometry factor was compared with that calculated from line source approximation. Similarly, obtained anisotropy function and radial dose function were compared with those derived from MCPT results by Williamson. The geometry factor calculated from segmented sources integration method and line source approximation was within 0.2% for $r{\geq}0.5$ cm and 1.33% for r=0.1 cm, respectively. The relative-root mean square error (R-RMSE) of anisotropy function obtained by this study and Williamson was 2.33% for r=0.25 cm and within 1% for r>0.5 cm, respectively. The R-RMSE of radial dose function was 0.46% at radial distance from 0.1 to 14.0 cm. The geometry factor acquired from segmented sources integration method and line source approximation was in good agreement for $r{\geq}0.1$ cm. However, application of segmented sources integration method seems to be valid, since this method using three-dimensional Ir-192 source provides more realistic geometry factor. The anisotropy function and radial dose function estimated from MCNPX in this study and MCPT by Williamson are in good agreement within uncertainty of Monte Carlo codes except at radial distance of r=0.25 cm. It is expected that Monte Carlo code used in this study could be applied to other sources utilized for brachytherapy.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2003

Purpose: The Planning of High-Dose-Rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatments are becoming individualized and more dependent on the treatment planning system. Therefore, computer software has been developed to perform independent point dose calculations with the integration of an isodose distribution curve display into the patient anatomy images. Meterials and Methods: As primary input data, the program takes patients'planning data including the source dwell positions, dwell times and the doses at reference points, computed by an HDR treatment planning system (TPS). Dosimetric calculations were peformed in a $10\times12\times10\;Cm^3$ grid space using the Interstitial Collaborative Working Group (ICWG) formalism and an anisotropy table for the HDR Iridium-192 source. The computed doses at the reference points were automatically compared with the relevant results of the TPS. The MR and simulation film images were then imported and the isodose distributions on the axial, sagittal and coronal planes intersecting the point selected by a user were superimposed on the imported images and then displayed. The accuracy of the software was tested in three benchmark plans peformed by Gamma-Med 12i TPS (MDS Nordion, Germany). Nine patients'plans generated by Plato (Nucletron Corporation, The Netherlands) were verified by the developed software. Results: The absolute doses computed by the developed software agreed with the commercial TPS results within an accuracy of $2.8\%$ in the benchmark plans. The isodose distribution plots showed excellent agreements with the exception of the tip legion of the source's longitudinal axis where a slight deviation was observed. In clinical plans, the secondary dose calculations had, on average, about a $3.4\%$ deviation from the TPS plans. Conclusion: The accurate validation of complicate treatment plans is possible with the developed software and the qualify of the HDR treatment plan can be improved with the isodose display integrated into the patient anatomy information.