• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2018

공공데이터는 공공기관이 만들어내는 자료나 정보를 국민에게 공개한 것이다. 정부는 공공데이터포털과 개별기관의 웹사이트를 통해 공공데이터를 개방하고 있다. 그러나 데이터 사용자 관점에서 원하는 공공데이터를 탐색하고 활용하는데 제약이 있는 것이 현실이다. 특히, 데이터 목록의 특성을 파악하고 서로 다른 데이터를 연계하는 과정에 많은 노력과 시간이 필요하다. 본 연구는 공공데이터로 개방된 데이터 목록이 갖고 있는 항목명의 공통 관계를 분석하여 데이터 목록사이의 연결 가능성을 제안한다. 공공데이터포털에서 제공하는 데이터 목록을 수집하고, 데이터 목록에 포함된 데이터 항목명을 추출한다. 추출된 항목명은 형식 개념 분석을 통해 형식 문맥 (formal context)과 형식 개념 (formal concept)으로 구성된다. 형식 개념은 데이터 목록과 항목명을 각각 외연과 내연으로 갖고 있고, 내연의 공통항목을 분석해 데이터 연결 가능성을 판별한다. 형식 개념 분석을 통해 도출한 결과는 데이터 목록의 의미적 연결에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있고, 공공데이터 개방을 위한 데이터 표준 및 품질개선에 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.481-492
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• 1996

The purposes of the present study were (1) to examine the differences between the experienced group in buying foreign-brand formal wear and the non-experienced group in terms of demographic characteristics, clothing expenditures, and purchase behaviors of formal wear, and (2) to investigate the purchase behaviors of and the extent of post-purchase satisfaction to foreign-brand formal wears for purchase group of foreign-brand formal wear. By using questionnaire consisting of 20 questions, data were collected from 754 female consumers in age range of 20~59. Chi-square analysis and t-test were used for data analysis. Significant differences were found between the groups in educational levels, monthly clothing expenditures, monthly household income, the number of formal wear purchased per season, store patronage, items often purchased, perceived proper price per item, and criteria for selecting stores and evaluating products. The group with experiences in purchasing foreign-brand formal wear showed high satisfaction levels with the quality of foreign-brand formal wears. When buying foreign-brand formal wears, the experienced group considered styles and color as important evaluative criteria, and favored stores having sales with wide assortmetsn.

• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제8D권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2001

정형적 개발 방법론은 소프트웨어를 정확하고 체계적으로 개발하기 위하여 사용되며 시스템을 정형 명세 언어를 사용하여 맹세하고 이를 구현할 때까지 점진적으로 시스템을 구체화하는 방법으로 개발한다. VDM은 정형 명세 언어의 하나로서 set, sequence, map의 수학적 추상적 자료구조를 사용하여 시스템을 명세하는데 대부분의 프로그래밍 언어는 이런 자료구조를 가지고 있지 않다. 그러므로 이들 자료구조들의 변환이 필요하며 VDM의 수학적 자료구조들은 프로그래밍 언어의 자료구조인 연결 리스트로 변환 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 VDM의 set, sequence, map의 자료구조를 프로그래밍 언어의 자료구조인 연결 리스트로 변환하는 방법과 그 변환의 타당성을 수학적으로 증명하였다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2022

The study aims to examine the interaction of formal and informal institutions for strengthening economic development, particularly entrepreneurship growth. The research will also assess the impact of control variables on political index within the formal and informal markets. The research is quantitative, which analyses panel data of 6 years in 22 countries comprising middle and high-income countries with diversified and unique political, economic, and social systems. The findings suggested that reducing the entry regulation and promoting the social capital within the formal and informal institutions would grow formal and informal entrepreneurship and be a greater source for new venture creation. Moreover, the political index, a control variable, was found significant in the relationship of institutional mix with formal and informal entrepreneurship. Entry regulations in formal and informal institutions are a complex phenomenon in the entrepreneurship literature, moderated by the political development index as tested by the current study. The time horizon for this paper is much longer since it analyzes 6 years (2014-2019) of data on 22 developing and developed countries to see the entrepreneurial growth across multiple regions on different income levels, geographic conditions, and contrasting political and social systems.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.675-683
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• 2002

The purposes of the study were to analyze the changes in formal attires and decorative features of middle age Korean women during the last half of 20th century and to find out any significant differences in formal attires according to periods. The study was a documentary research, and data were collected from 344 family wedding photographs by convenient sampling. The statistics used were content analysis, frequency and a time series analysis, and the results were as follows : 1. Four schematic clusters of formal attires were categorized according to skirt(chima) length and width, jacket(jogori) length, motifs and decorative features; simple classic, decorative classic, fashionable, and extravagant fashionable. Simple classic attires were popular until 1960s, the decorative classics were appeared from late 1960s to 1970s, fashionable attires were introduced from the late 1970s and the attires became more luxurious and extravagant until 2000. 2. Color symbolism in couples mothers'attires according to the couples gender - pink or red for the bride's mother and blue or green for groom's mother - was introduced from the late 1970s, and reached the maximum level by the early 1980s but slowly disappeared after the late 1980s. 3. The complete fashion cycle did not exist in the formal attires'change, however, since the Period of data were ranged from 1943 to 2000, the 57 years period may not long enough to measure a complete fashion cycle.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

The Linked Open Data(LOD) cloud is quickly becoming one of the largest collections of interlinked datasets and the de facto standard for publishing, sharing and connecting pieces of data on the Web. Data publishers from diverse domains publish their data using Resource Description Framework(RDF) data model and provide SPARQL endpoints to enable querying their data, which enables creating a global, distributed and interconnected dataspace on the LOD cloud. Although it is possible to extract structured data as query results by using SPARQL, users have very poor in analysis and visualization of RDF data from SPARQL query results. Therefore, to tackle this issue, based on Formal Concept Analysis, we propose a novel approach for analyzing and visualizing useful information from the LOD cloud. The RDF data analysis and visualization technique proposed in this paper can be utilized in the field of semantic web data mining by extracting and analyzing the information and knowledge inherent in LOD and supporting classification and visualization.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2020

The study seeks to evaluate the impacts of three types of credit - formal, semi-formal, and informal credits - on the well-being of households in Vietnam's rural areas. Based on data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys in 2014 and 2016, the research uses the instrumental variable fixed-effect models to estimate the effects of three kinds of credit on household's per capita income and expenditure. There are some significant findings. First, in rural areas, formal credit is the most popular source with stable and cheap borrowing costs. Informal credit is a complement to formal credit to meet urgent needs. Funding agriculture activities is the most commonly cited purpose of borrowing, followed by purchasing assets. The highest misuse rate belongs to the group of loans for agriculture production. Second, the results show that credit helps smoothen consumption rather than generate income for rural households. Three types of credit have insignificant or negative effects on household's per capita income. Formal loans significantly improve total expenditure and spending on healthcare and education. Informal and semi-formal credits show a little influence on consumption. Informal loans have a significantly positive effect on healthcare expenditure. In contrast, having semi-formal loans tends to decrease spending on foods.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2011

Achieving situation awareness is especially challenging for real-time data stream applications because they i) operate on continuous unbounded streams of data, and ii) have inherent realtime requirements. In this paper we showed how formal data stream modeling and analysis can be used to better understand stream behavior, evaluate query costs, and improve application performance. We used MEDAL, a formal specification language based on Petri nets, to model the data stream queries and the quality-of-service management mechanisms of RT-STREAM, a prototype system for data stream management. MEDAL's ability to combine query logic and data admission control in one model allows us to design a single comprehensive model of the system. This model can be used to perform a large set of analyses to help improve the application's performance and quality of service.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.762-771
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• 2006

This study provides the basis far salesman to present formal style in suggesting Good-Bad formal style as well as in examining a meaning structure and valuation differences of visual valuation. Stimulus pictures has been chosen consequently 76 pieces through the preliminary inquiry who are working at department store, franchise salesman, car salesman, insurance staff and other salesmen. The tool for visual valuations about suit style is composed of 7 points of Likert type by making 21 questionnaires from the preliminary study. Collecting data is 512 pieces are used to analyse. The duration to collect data was from August 5th to 20th in 2004 and SPSS statistics package program has been used. At first, main factors according to the visual valuation of formal style are Attractiveness, Having abilities, Uncomfortableness. In second, Good formal style shows more attractive and looks having more abilities than Bad formal style and less uncomfortable. In third, in the relations of Good-Bad formal style and demographics, there is meaningful differences according to gender, age, job, salary. In fourth, in the relations of a purchase purpose and visual valuations of formal style, for Good-Bad valuation, the first impression is the most important factor and it is likely to be related to the purchase purpose, on the other hand, the purchase purpose has related to impression the most. It has presented that Good-Bad valuation and purchase purpose have an influence on the factor of Attractiveness.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.179-196
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• 2009

This is a follow-up study to "An Analysis of the Fitting of Plus-sized Women's Formal Jackets in On-line Shopping Malls", in which we compiled basic sizes of formal jackets sold in online retailers for plus-sized women and compared specific measurements of the jackets from each retailer. Emphasizing a comparison of age groups 20-39 and 40-59, fit evaluations and analyses were conducted in order to provide data to help manufacturers develop formal jacket patterns that reflect physical characteristics of plus-sized consumers and offer better physical fit. The surveys and evaluations were conducted between October 2007 and May 2008. and the compiled data were analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 statistics program. The results were summarized as follows. The two age groups gave different evaluations of the fit problems in the women's formal jackets sold in online retailers. Whereas the age group 20-39 felt that the main problems were in the shoulder, armscye, upper arm, waist, abdomen and hip areas, the age group 40-59 said that they found more problems in the armscye, upper arms, sleeve length and jacket length. Modifying the shoulder area, armscye depth and jacket length severely compromises the jacket's balance, and attention to these areas must be given during pattern design.