• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.553-557
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• 2013

Roof and exterior wall are designed and constructed in a manner that prevents the accumulation of water within the wall and roof assembly in the formal building. However, in a freeform building there is no clear distinction between exterior wall and roof. In other words, the exterior walls and roof systems of the freeform building are integrated as a surface, unlike the formal building envelope. Therefore, freeform architecture needs a systemized envelope design method to perform functions of exterior wall and roof. However, in many cases, construction methods for roof and exterior wall are applied to freeform buildings without necessary alterations, which lead to incomplete design, leakage, cracks and other problems. Freeform architecture is thus designed and constructed differently from formal buildings. In order to more easily and inexpensively actualize freeform architecture, Building Information Modeling (hereinafter referred to as BIM) has recently been applied in the construction industry. The studies and case analysis are not sufficient to identify the implications and contributions of freeform buildings in future similar projects. Therefore, this research will study design and construction methods for freeform surfaces. This study attempts to analyze the pros and cons of each method for the concrete surface frame, and then presents the panel options for envelope system of the freeform architecture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.181-183
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• 2004

Mission-Critical한 실시간 반응형 내장 시스템들의 설계과정에 있어 high-level abstraction과 formal(software 기반) modeling은 없어서는 안될 중요한 부분이다. 실시간 반응형 내장 system의 OS는 정형 명세 기법을 이용하여 시스템의 주요 component들을 설계하고 OS의 Formal model들을 모든 가능한 input들 아래 OS의 behavior를 엄격하게 검증함으로써 error가 없는 완벽한 OS를 개발할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 uC/OS-11의 OS Scheduling 부분을 반응형 시스템 언어인 Esterel의 SyncCharts로 명세, 명세한 시스템의 요구조건을 정형기법을 이용친서 검증해보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2003.12a
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• pp.533-537
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• 2003

보안 시스템의 안전성을 분석하기 위해서는, 정형적 방법론을 사용하여 보안 시스템에 대한 이론적인 수학적 모델을 정형적으로 설계하고, 보안 속성을 정확히 기술해야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 보안 시스템의 안전성을 검증하기 위한 보안모델의 구성요소와 안전성 검증방법을 설명한다. 그리고 보안모델을 설계하고 안전성을 분석하기 위한 SEW(Safety Evaluation Workshop)의 전체 구조와 SPR(Safety Problem Resolver) 정형검증도구의 검증방법 및 기능에 대해 소개하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.113.1-113
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• 1999

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.91-120
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• 2017

This study aimed (a) to examine the association between chronic illness and multidimensional disability(i.e., psychological/emotional functions, activity capacity, and participation frequency) among older adults with disabilities, (b) to investigate the effect of formal and informal supports on multidimensional disability, and (c) to analyze the moderating effects of formal and informal supports on the association between chronic illness and multidimensional disability. This study used 2014 Korea Welfare Panel Study(the 9th wave) data and 450 older adults with disabilities aged 50 and over were selected as the study target. The research model was analyzed by structural equation modeling using IBM AMOS 22.0. Based on the ICF framework developed by WHO, health condition was measured by the level of chronic illness; psychological/emotional functions were measured by health satisfaction, self-esteem, and depression; activity capacity was measured by ADLs and IADLs; participation frequency was measured by the total number of social activities joined; formal support was measured by the total number of formal welfare services for people with disabilities utilized; informal support was measured by perceived social support. The findings showed that the level of chronic illness was negatively associated with psychological/emotional functions among the older adults with disabilities. The informal support positively affected psychological/emotional functions and activity capacity, whereas the formal support showed the opposite result. That is, the formal support negatively influenced activity capacity and showed a moderating effect on the association between the level of chronic illness and the psychological/emotional functions in a reverse way. Based on the results, practice and policy implications for alleviating disability level among the older adults with disabilities were discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.484-484
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• 2001

The sophistication of current software applications results in the increasing cost fur software development time. The component-based software development framework is proposed to overcome the difficulty and time-consuming requirements by modularity and reusability. As is the general software case, a component-based simulation framework encourages the reusability of the real system model based on the modularity of the applied simulation methodology. This paper presents a component-based simulation environment that is based on the DEVS/COM run-time infrastructure. The DEVS (Discrete Event System Specification) formalism provides a formal modeling and simulation framework for the generic dynamic systems [1] and Microsoft's COM (Component Object Model) is one of the strongest competitor fur the component standard. The reusability by the DEVS/COM simulation environment saves model development time remarkably and component technology make simulator itself to be a subparts of real application.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.143-164
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• 2009

This article surveys recent research in the area of language modeling (sometimes called statistical language modeling) approaches to information retrieval. Language modeling is a formal probabilistic retrieval framework with roots in speech recognition and natural language processing. The underlying assumption of language modeling is that human language generation is a random process; the goal is to model that process via a generative statistical model. In this article, we discuss current research in the application of language modeling to information retrieval, the role of semantics in the language modeling framework, cluster-based language models, use of language modeling for XML retrieval and future trends.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.169-174
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• 2009

In this paper, We define convert rules objects and relation presented in object model to the state and operation domain in formal specification. we implement simulation tool in order to verification method of formal specification and to consistency verified model between user's requirement. It is possible to select the suitable model and reduce the costs and efforts on software development.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.38
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• pp.31-49
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• 1998

This study is the primary basic study about the spatial feature of modeling of Fashion Design. Then, this researcher lays significance in establishing the basic system about the character of dress and its ornaments as modeling in spatial-formal, dimension, examining the feature of modeling closely through perception principle and offering the basic principle to plan and organize the modeling space for dress and its ornaments on the basis of it. To generalize the findings is as follows : First, the spatial system of modeling for dress and its ornaments is made with 3 elements such as space, human beings and dress and its ornaments. Second, the form of dress and its ornaments and the spatial organization start from the structural basis which is human body, and the sensible system of body is made through inter-action, but the aesthetic expression is complet-ed by the moment of body. Third, the characteristic principle of model-ing for dress and its ornaments which was suggested in Chapter IV is based on the visuo-per-ceptional modeling experience, and these thinking contents are inputted in cognition course as the invisible in formation in the new space plan and organization and activate the apperception course and aim at the action about aesthetic judgement.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.83-103
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• 2004

The methodological framework of the Level 2 PSA appears to be currently standardized in a formalized fashion, but there have been different opinions on the way the sources of uncertainty are characterized and treated. This is primarily because the Level 2 PSA deals with complex phenomenological processes that are deterministic in nature rather than random processes, and there are no probabilistic models characterizing them clearly. As a result, the probabilistic quantification of the Level 2 PSA CET / APET is often subjected to two sources of uncertainty: (a) incomplete modeling of accident pathways or different predictions for the behavior of phenomenological events and (b) expert-to-expert variation in estimating the occurrence probability of phenomenological events. While a clear definition of the two sources of uncertainty involved in the Level 2 PSA makes it possible to treat an uncertainty in a consistent manner, careless application of these different sources of uncertainty may produce different conclusions in the decision-making process. The primary purpose of this paper is to characterize typical sources of uncertainty that would often be addressed in the Level 2 PSA and to provide a formal guidance for quantifying their impacts on the PSA Level 2 risk results. An additional purpose of this paper is to give a formal approach on how to combine random uncertainties addressed in the Level 1 PSA with subjectivistic uncertainties addressed in the Level 2 PSA.