• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.1082-1092
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• 1996

The design of distrbuted systems is difficult to achieve as the execution patterns of distrbuted systems are typically more complex than those of non- distributed systems. Thus, research toward the development of design methods for distributed systems is quitely needed. As object-oriented systems and distrbuted systems share similar properties, the combination of these two is somehow natural. In this work, a design of distributed systems is introduced. The goal of the method in this paper is to provide assistance to the process of specifying a formal object- oriented specification from graphical representation specification inputs such as data flow diagrams, state transition diagrams and Petri nets. It addresses the extraction of objects, operations and reationshipsfrom the problem domain with emphasis on the specification of the characteristics of distributed systems. This object identification method is supported by a knowledge base that provides for the automated analysis and reasoning about objects and their relationsships. The final object model is represented in a format which provides a formal mechanism for reprsenting the object information.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.1103-1111
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• 1996

The design of distrbuted systems is difficult to achieve as the execution patterns of distrbuted systems are typically more complex than those of non- distributed systems. Thus, research toward the development of design methods for distributed systems is quitely needed. As object-oriented systems and distrbuted systems share similar properties, the combination of these two is somehow natural. In this work, a design of distributed systems is introduced. The goal of the method in this paper is to provide assistance to the process of specifying a formal object- oriented specification from graphical representation specification inputs such as data flow diagrams, state transition diagrams and Petri nets. It addresses the extraction of objects, operations and reationshipsfrom the problem domain with emphasis on the specification of the characteristics of distributed systems. This object identification method is supported by a knowledge base that provides for the automated analysis and reasoning about objects and their relationsships. The final object model is represented in a format which provides a formal mechanism for reprsenting the object information.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of general nurses' assessments of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients. Methods: A total of 129 nursing records of assessments on pressure ulcers were analyzed. Assessment records of pressure ulcers by general nurses were compared to those by Wound, Ostomy, Continence Nurses (WOCN) on the same pressure ulcers. A WOCN of a nursing unit was a nurse certified by the hospital after completion of a formal WOCN course and passing a cyber education course, both offered by the hospital. The formal WOCN course was taught by an internationally certified WOCN. The inter-rater reliability among WOCNs was 98.2%. General nurses in this study did not receive a structured pressure ulcer education. Results: The accuracy for nursing assessment of pressure ulcers by general nurses compared to WOCNs' were evaluated in various ways and resulted in as follows; the existence of pressure ulcer 91.4%, site of pressure ulcer 85.3%, stage of pressure ulcer 85.3%, Braden scale 36.3%, size of pressure ulcer 51.9~64.3%, details of pressure ulcer 0~100%. Conclusion: The structured education about pressure ulcer assessment is important to enhance the accuracy of pressure ulcer assessment of hospitalized patients by general nurses.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.59
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• pp.27-57
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• 2013

Traditionally construction has been an industry that favoured ADR over formal litigation due to the complexity of technical issues. However, over the past decade construction arbitration has come under increasing attack for its rising costs and growing delays, and expansion of arbitration processes to the point that those processes are approaching the more complex and formal processes followed to resolve disputes litigation. As a result, parties are looking for new methods of resolving their disputes in a more efficient and economical manner, such as ODR. A review of the history of ODR and the practical applications of ODR in use today lead to the conclusion that the concept of ODR for construction dispute resolution appears to be possible and realistic. The advantages seem to outweigh the disadvantages, especially given the solutions suggested to overcome many of the disadvantages. While ODR may not be a realistic venue for large complex construction cases, it may be just the ideal venue for smaller and simple construction disputes. In conclusion, given the advantages that ODR arbitration does offer, the most realistic use of ODR in the short term would involve disputes consisting of a simple, one-dimensional dispute within which the parties can stipulate to the facts in the case. In such simple disputes ODR may be not only an appropriate vehicle within which the dispute can be resolved; it might be more easily accepted by the parties as the preferred platform for resolution. Hopefully, international institutions of arbitration will be successful in their development of a international standards and platform fir disputes that can be adapted for use in construction and will serve as the first step in developing ways to handle small construction claims, thereby allowing parties to resolve their disputes in a faster and more economical manner.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2001

The fashion designers in Korea can achieve the winning position in the competitive international market of fashion industry by adapting our own traditional beauty to the modem fashion design through the modernization of the Korean traditional styles. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze the works of the active Korean fashion designer, Lee Young-Hee, focusing on the subject how she incorporated the modem fashion with the elements of Korean traditional costume. In order to study this subject, both quantitative and qualitative research methods were used to collect and analyse the design elements of Korean costume used in the designer's works found from the major fashion magazines, FASHION TODAY, WWD, ELLE, BAZAAR, Marie Claire, Areumdown-Uri-Ot, The Beauty of Korea and FASHION SHOW from 1993 to 1999. The collected research data, 95 works, was counted and analyzed in terms of the formal characteristics borrowed from Korean traditional clothing items and their application techniques. Other aesthetic characteristics of her works such as color, fabric and pattern were also analyzed. As a result of the study, it was found that Lee Young-Hee has adapted many different kinds of major Korean clothing items including 'chima', 'paji', 'po', and 'chogori'. Also it was apparent to note that the formal characteristics of Korean traditional clothing items were successfully incorporated into her fashion design works expressing the beauty of oriental grace, naturalism, sophistication, and above all, the modem sense.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.681-695
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• 2014

This study has the purpose to find basic materials for development of kindergarten's uniform and suggest the improvement of its design based on the survey results from Suncheon area in Jeollanam-do of Korea. Such study methods were conducted as literature review, survey with direct visit, interview, and photographing of dresses regarding the kindergarten uniform. The following are research results. First, kindergarten teachers presented a positive opinion about the necessity for children to wear the uniform. In selection of design, they regarded the activity as most important factor. Kindergartens applying active wear compatible as townwear also accounted for 57.1%, which is more than half. Second, the formal wear, in the winter season was found to consist with jacket or knit cardigan, knit vest, shirts, skirts or pants, and necktie. For color, most of them are in dark tone, which need to be brighter. For pattern, they are in plain color, which needs to have various patterns. As to the cloth material, such problems should be improved as warmth retentivity in consideration of seasonal nature, moisture retentivity, breathability, color retentivity when washing, and harmless to human body. Third, active wear is mostly the casual sportswear type. But it has no characteristic unique to kindergarten in design and needs to be altered for differentiated design. Especially, it is simply divided into winter wear and summer wear in kind. Therefore, it is required to have differentiation for seasonal characteristic and diversity in number of item and improvement in terms of cloth material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-225
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were 1) to estimate the brand loyalty related to clothing items,2) to investigate the differences between the brand loyal group and the brand disloyal group in 4 determinant variables (product involvement, information source, purchase-related and demo- graphic variables) of brand loyalty, 3) to find out important determinant variables which explain the brand loyalty on clothing items, and 4) to identify product attributes that lead to brand loyalty on clothing items. Four clothing items selected (ortho study were underwear, jean / skirt, T-shirt / sweater, and formal dress / suits. The questionnaire was administered to 529 adult women living in Seoul, and the methods used to analyze the data were Frequency, T-Test, $x^{2}-test$, Factor Analysis and Multiple Discriminant Analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Both behavior and attitude are needed for the measurement of brand loyalty in clothing. The hightes brand loyal item was formal dress / suits, followed by jean / skirt, T-shirt / sweater, underwear. 2) There were some significant differences between the brand loyal group and the brand disloyal group in 4 determinant variables of brand loyalty. 3) The important determinant variables of brand loyalty were perceived risk / brand differ-ence, purchase experience / self-confidence in purchase, and product symbolic / hedonic mean-ing, of which the most important varible was found to be perceived risk / brand difference. 4) The most important product attribute that lead to brand loyalty for underwear was comfort whereas for the other 3 clothing items, it was style. Quality was the second important productattributeforallclothingitems.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.103-116
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• 2003

States explosion due to composition of spaces of data, temporal, and locational values is one of the well-known critical problems which cause difficulty in understanding and analysing real-time systems specified with state-based formal methods. In order to overcome this problem, this paper presents an abstraction method for state minimization based on an abstraction in system specification and an abstraction in system execution. The first is named the syntactic in system specification and an abstraction in system execution. The first is named the syntactic abstraction, through which the patterns of the unconditionally internalized computation and the repetition and selection structures are abstracted. The latter is named the semantic abstraction, through which the patterns of the execution space represented with data. Through the abstractions, the components of a system in specification and execution model is hierarchically organized. The system can be analyzed briefly in the upper level in an skeleton manner with low complexity. The system, however, can be abstraction method for the state minimization and the decrease in analysis complexity through the abstraction with examples.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.139-149
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• 2014

Much research has been conducted in educational robot, a new instructional technology, for K- 12 education. Several studies have shown that educational robot provides effective learning opportunities for students in both content areas of STEM(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and critical academic skills, such as collaboration, problem solving and communication skills. However, most studies to date on applications of educational robots have been conducted outside the formal education setting. This study analyzed the influence of using robots in an elementary school science class in Korea with regard to science learning motivation. A total of 121 students in fourth and fifth grades participated in the study. The experimental group was taught using robots in the science class, while the control group was taught using traditional methods. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to compare the between-group differences in learning motivation before and after the experiment; an interview was also conducted for the experimental group. The study results showed a significant improvement (p<.05) in both learning motivation in the experimental compared with the control group. There was also positive response to learning with a robot. This study will play an important role in research on the use of educational robot in formal education in the future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.214-229
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find strategic methods of quality management for customer satisfaction when developing clothing for middle and elderly women. For this study was middle and elderly women who were living in Seoul and Kyonggi-do. SPSS 11.5 statistical program was used for data analysis and to conduct factor analysis, reliability verification, paired-sample t-test, frequency analysis and percentage. The result were as follows; First, middle and elderly women's behavioral characteristic in purchasing clothing, the average price of formal suit was 700 thousand won and the time for purchasing was less than 3 months. They tended to purchase mostly by themselves on their own, and they purchase their own formal suit. Second, The body parts that influence the fit the most are in the order of waist circumference, shoulder width, chest circumference. Third, Regarding the difference of importance and satisfaction on the fit by body part that the middle and elderly women by body part, there was no significant different in neck circumference and shoulder swerve. Overweighing middle and elderly women showed difference in importance and satisfaction on all body parts. Underweighing middle-aged to aged women showed a significant difference in importance and satisfaction in the order of circumference of hips. Fourth, middle-aged women in 50s showed higher importance than satisfaction in the order of waist circumference, and elderly women in 60s should higher importance than satisfaction in rise length, jacket length. Aged women in 70s and above should significant difference only in the height of collar.