• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.200-208
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• 2000

다중 포트를 가진 레지스터의 장점은 읽기 접근에 대해서는 한번에 여러 병령어에서 레지스터를 공유할 수 있다는 것이다. 여기서는 높은 수준에서 이러한 다중 포트 레지스터를 가진 파이프라인 수퍼 스칼라 프로세서에서의 타이밍 특성과 자원 제한을 묘사하기 위한 정형방법을 제시한다. 특히, 파이프 라인 명령어가 순서대로 들어오는 경우에 대해서 먼저 병세하고, 순서에 상관없이 어느 싸이클에 검색 가능한 명령어들 중에서 동시에 실행 가능한 명령어 짝을 찾아 실행시키는 수퍼 스칼라 파이프라인 방식인 비순차(Out-of-Order) 명령어 수퍼 스칼라 방식에서의 타이밍 분석으로 확장하였다. 명령어 명세에는 프로세스 대수(Process Algebra)기반의 정형기법인 ACSR(Algebra of Communicating Shared Resources)을 이용하여 모델링한다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.734-746
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of women's self-image on image evaluation of clothing self-image, and on their selection of clothing styles by situations. The subject of investigation was 500 women above 20 living in Daegu. 6 types of clothing styles including classic, casual, elegant, dramatic, romantic, and mannish and 7 social situations including shopping near house, shopping in a busy street, cultural center, wedding ceremony, dinning out, alumni meeting or fraternity meeting, and couples meeting were used for this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS package, which included factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, ANOVA, and X²-test. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Adult women could be classified into 4 groups such as the passive mannish, the passive feminine, the active mannish, and the active feminine by their self-images. 2. There were different opinions on each clothing style by self-image. In the image of each clothing style by self-image groups, the passive feminine group considered classic style having effect to make people look tall, mature and elegant style to make people look active and charming. Also, they rated the boldness of dramatic style and the activeness of mannish style high. The active feminine group estimated the boldness of mannish style high. 3. Selection of clothing style differed according to various situations. More formal the situation was, more classic style tended to be selected and for less formal situation, mannish style was selected.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were 1) to segment 20's female apparel market using consumer's fashion image preference in formal wear, and 2) to identify the group differences in seasonal color (hue and tone) and color image (image associate with lightness and chroma) preference as well as in demographic variables. The subjects were 253 females in their late twenties living in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected using self-administred questionnaires and analyzed by factor analysis. Cluster analysis, $\chi$2 -test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Four fashion image groups were identified through cluster analysis using consumer's fashion image preference: Elegant image group, Sexy image group, Lively image group, and Romantic image group. 2) There were significant differences among fashion image groups in hue preference for spring clothes, tone preferences for spring and fall clothes. Color images are associated with lightness for spring and summer, and are associated with chroma for spring, summer, and fall. Group differences in demographic variables were found in socio-economic status and average expenditure for formal jacket.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.3371-3396
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• 2016

Authentication protocols for multi-server architectures have gained momentum in recent times due to advancements in computing technologies and associated constraints. Lu et al. recently proposed a biometrics and smartcards-based authentication scheme for multi-server environment. The careful analysis of this paper demonstrates Lu et al.'s protocol is susceptible to user impersonation attacks and comprises insufficient data. In addition, this paper proposes an improved authentication with key-agreement protocol for multi-server architecture based on biometrics and smartcards. The formal security of the proposed protocol is verified using the widely accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool to ensure that our protocol can withstand active and passive attacks. The formal and informal security analysis, and performance analysis sections determines that our protocol is robust and efficient compared to Lu et al.'s protocol and existing similar protocols.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2017

The Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) is a structured and systematic methodology developed by the IMO, aimed at assessing the risk of vessels and recommending the method to control intolerable risks, thereby enhancing maritime safety, including protection of life, health, the marine environment and property, by using risk analysis and cost-benefit assessment. While the FSA has mostly been applied to merchant vessels, it has rarely been applied to a DP vessel, which is one of the special purpose vessels in the offshore industry. Furthermore, most of the FSA has been conducted so far by using the Fault Tree Analysis tool, even though there are many other risk analysis tools. This study carried out the FSA for safe operation of DP vessels by using the Bayesian network, under which conditional probability was examined. This study determined the frequency and severity of DP LOP incidents reported to the IMCA from 2001 to 2010, and obtained the Risk Index by applying the Bayesian network. Then, the Risk Control Options (RCOs) were identified through an expert brainstorming and DP vessel simulations. This study recommends duplication of PRS, regardless of the DP class and PRS type and DP system specific training. Finally, this study verified that the Bayesian network and DP simulator can also serve as an effective tool for FSA implementation.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2000

IPsec은 인터넷으로 연결된 컴퓨터 사이의 통신을 보호하기 위한 프로토콜로서 많은 가상 사설망 (VPN, Virtual Private Network)은 IPsec 프로토콜을 사용한다. IKE 프로토콜은 1Psec에서 키 교환을 위해 사용하는 프로토콜이다. 정형화된 분석 방법이 컴퓨터 공학 분야에서 많이 사용되고 있으며, 정형화된 분석 방법을 통하여 시스템의 안전성을 높일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 IPsec의 키 교환 방식인 IKE 프로토콜을 정형화된 방법으로 분석하여 그 안전성을 파악하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면 전자 서명을 통하여 인증을 수행하는 IKE와 공유키를 이용하여 인증을 수행하는 IKE는 안전하게 키 교환을 할 수 있다. 그러나 공개키를 사용하여 인증하는 경우와 변경된 공개키를 사용하여 인증하는 경우에는 상대방의 공개키에 대한 확신이 필요하며 인증서를 사용함이 안전하다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.518-529
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 중학교 '과학2' 교과서에 서술되어 있는 '원소', '주기율표', '원자'에 대한 내용이 요구하는 인지 요구도를 분석하였다. 우리나라는 2007년 개정 교육과정에 의하여 처음으로 주기율표 및 그와 관련 내용들을 중학교에서 다루게 되어있다. 분석에 활용한 6종 과학 교과서에 서술된 내용이 어떠한 인지 수준을 요구하는 지를 알아내는 분석틀은 영국에서 개발된 CAT(Curriculum Analysis Taxonomy)의 3종류 분석틀을 사용하였다. 이 3종류 분석틀에 의하여 분석한 '과학2' 교과서에 서술된 내용이 요구하는 인지 수준들은 다음과 같았다. '원소'에 대한 교과서 서술이 더 이상 간단한 물질로 분리될 수 없는 순물질임을 이해하는 내용으로 후기 형식적 조작 수준이었다. 그러나 '원소'는 한 가지 종류의 원자만으로 이루어진 물질이라고 서술된 초기 형식적 조작 수준도 있었다. '주기율표'에 대한 교과서 서술이 다양한 종류의 원소들을 원소 기호를 이용하여 특정 기준에 따라 몇 가지 그룹으로 분류될 수 있음을 이해해야 하고, 실체를 범주화하는데 있어서 여러 기준으로 분류해야 하는 내용으로 후기 구체적 조작 수준이었다. '주기율표'를 여러 족들의 집함임을 알고 이원 분류표로 이해해야 하는 내용으로 초기 형식적 조작수준이었다. '원자' 구조와 연결 짓는 복합적 분류 체계로 주기율표를 표현하는 후기 형식적 수준도 있었다. '원자'에 대한 교과서 서술이 원자가 구조를 가진다는 것 그리고 원자가 같은 종류도 있고 다른 종류도 있다는 서술은 초기 형식적 수준이었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.820-835
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to provide a basic pattern to assist in the development of formal pants that reflect the physical characteristics of women with lower-body obesity. The subjects selected for this study were women in their 20s and 30s with a Rohrer index of 1.6 or higher, a waist circumference 78.5cm to 83.5cm, and a lower drop of at least 18cm. The experimental pants patterns were developed by varying the waist line position, the waist ease, the ease in the hip area, the crotch length, the front and rear crotch width, the leg width, and the total length. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS statistics program(version 18.0). To verify the difference, this study used a variance analysis and Duncan's test. The conclusions drawn by the study are as follows. To reflect the form element of an abdomen with fatty deposits, the waist circumference should have an ease of 2cm. The front waist result was W/4+0.5cm+0.75cm and the rear waist result was W/4-0.5cm+0.25cm. The hip circumference showed a total ease of 4.5cm. The front hip result was H/4+0.75cm and the rear hip result was H/4+1.5cm. The crotch width set to H/16-1cm and the applied rear crotch width was H/16+2cm. The rear hip area was given more ease to reflect the protrusion of the hip. Along the line extending from the knee area to the crotch line, the outer seam line was designed with a gradual S-shaped curve to accommodate the protrusion from the maximum thigh width.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2019

This study started from the interest about a theme repeated in a similar way among a group of architects in Japan. They argue that a building composed of random elements can lead to discoverable functions rather than fixed functions. Their work supports this to a certain extent, but at the same time raises the following two research questions. Can 'formal randomness' and 'functional discoverability' be completely identical? Does such a form sufficiently fulfill other functions of the building? In order to answer these two research questions, this study analyzes the relationship between form and function in the 'Children's Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation' of Sou Fujimoto. The analysis proceeded in three steps. In the first step, I found that alcoves were the most important factor in functional discoverability by comparing scenarios with different conditions. At the same time, however, I could see that these alcoves were weakened in the process of functional adjustment. In the second step, I analyzed the final design and found Sou Fujimoto's response to the preceding problem. He thought that in-between alcoves created from formal randomness, were not enough and thus introduced a new method, cutting alcoves. This means that formal randomness alone does not fully guarantee both the functional discoverability and the fulfillment of the basic functions. In the third step, I searched for the significance of this problem through a brief comparison with other similar projects.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.4849-4865
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• 2020

The traditional roles of leaders are to influence members and motivate them to achieve shared goals in organizations. However, leaders such as top managers and chief executive officers, in practice, do not always directly meet or influence other company members. In fact, they tend to have the greatest impact on their members through formal speeches, company procedures, and the like. As such, official speech is directly related to the motivation of company employees. In an official speech, not only the contents of the speech, but also the voice characteristics of the speaker have an important influence on listeners, as the different vocal characteristics of a person can have different effects on the listener. Therefore, according to the voice characteristics of a leader, the cognition of the members may change, and, the degree to which the members are influenced and motivated will be different. This study identifies how members may perceive a speech differently according to the different voice characteristics of leaders in formal speeches. Further, different perceptions about voices will influence members' cognition of the leader, for example, in how trustworthy they appear. The study analyzed recorded speeches of leaders, and extracted features of their speaking style through digital speech signal analysis. Then, parameters were extracted and analyzed by the time domain, frequency domain, and spectrogram domain methods. We also analyzed the parameters for use in Natural Language Processing. We investigated which leader's voice characteristics had more influence on members or were more effective on them. A person's voice characteristics can be changed. Therefore, leaders who seek to influence members in formal speeches should have effective voice characteristics to motivate followers.