• Title/Summary/Keyword: Form of Being

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How Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins shape homeostasis, inflammation, and immunity

  • Kim, Chun
    • BMB Reports
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    • v.53 no.9
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    • pp.453-457
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    • 2020
  • The right-handed double-helical structure of DNA (B-DNA), which follows the Watson-Crick model, is the canonical form of DNA existing in normal physiological settings. Even though an alternative left-handed structure of DNA (Z-DNA) was discovered in the late 1970s, Z-form nucleic acid has not received much attention from biologists, because it is extremely unstable under physiological conditions, has an ill-defined mechanism of its formation, and has obscure biological functions. The debate about the physiological relevance of Z-DNA was settled only after a class of proteins was found to potentially recognize the Z-form architecture of DNA. Interestingly, these Z-DNA binding proteins can bind not only the left-handed form of DNA but also the equivalent structure of RNA (Z-RNA). The Z-DNA/RNA binding proteins present from viruses to humans function as important regulators of biological processes. In particular, the proteins ADAR1 and ZBP1 are currently being extensively re-evaluated in the field to understand potential roles of the noncanonical Z-conformation of nucleic acids in host immune responses and human disease. Despite a growing body of evidence supporting the biological importance of Z-DNA/RNA, there remain many unanswered principal questions, such as when Z-form nucleic acids arise and how they signal to downstream pathways. Understanding Z-DNA/RNA and the sensors in different pathophysiological conditions will widen our view on the regulation of immune responses and open a new door of opportunity to develop novel types of immunomodulatory therapeutic possibilities.

Studies of Dokhwaljihwang that get weight, hematology, biochemistry change by Wistar rat's aging (Wister rat의 노화에 따른 체중, 혈액학적 및 혈청 생화학적 변화에 미치는 독활지황탕(獨活地黃湯)에 대한 실험적(實驗的) 고찰(考察))

  • Lee, Su-Young;Ahn, Taek-Won
    • Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.327-335
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    • 2004
  • Using aged Wistar rat living body change by aging Dokhwaljihwang was each orally administrated and achieved research about aging control. In Wistar rat 10, 30, 50 week and 40 week Dokhwaljihwang between 10 weeks form condition change of weight, change of intestine weight, hematology, blood chemistry, research result about serum content following conclusion get. 1. Observed gain in weight than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang to aged Wistar rat. 2. Is thought to promote activation of living body action gaining intestine weight along with gain in weight. 3. Displayed decrease of MDA's content of serum than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang to aged Wistar rat. 4. Change that is Wistar rat's hematological value by aging according to 10, 30, 50 week WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocytes, eosinophil etc. increase, and HCT, PLT etc. showed tendency that decrease according to old-week, and observed improvement that is hematological value than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang 5. Change that is Wistar rat's biochemical value by aging was measured highest in 50 week because ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, T-bili., T-chol, TG, TP, ALB, A/G, P etc. increase according to 10, 30, 50 week, and observed improvement that is biochemical value than control group form of Dokhwaljihwang. Is considered by being effect that Dokhwaljihwangimprove living body function decline by aging by this result.

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Solution Based Epoxidation Towards Facilitating the Production of Epoxidized Isoprene Rubbers

  • Zhang, Xiaojie;Sinha, Tridib Kumar;Oh, Jeong Seok;Kim, Jin Kuk
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.55 no.3
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    • pp.199-204
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    • 2020
  • Considering the immense applicability of isoprene rubbers, such as natural rubber (NR) and synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR), attempts are being made to introduce more functionality within the rubber structure, e.g. epoxidation, to widen their technological viability. Epoxidation introduces polar epoxy bonds into the rubber molecular chain, resulting in enhanced intermolecular interactions among the rubber chains, increasing the oil resistance and air impermeability. Although there have been many reports on the epoxidation of NR in its latex form, there has been no such report using its solid form (or gum), which limits the epoxidation in terms of portability. Furthermore, the gum form has longer lifetime, while the latex form has limited lifetime for its efficient use. In this study, the epoxidation of natural rubber and polyisoprene rubber (using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) as the epoxidizing agent) by dissolving their gum in hexane (i.e., the solution method) have been studied and compared. The effects of the amount of mCPBA, reaction time, and reaction temperature were investigated. The present process is easy and facilitates the epoxidation of rubbers in their solid form; therefore, it can be used for industrial upscaling of epoxidized rubber production.

On several questions concerning the reaserch of Zhu culture (젓가락 문화 및 연구에 관한 문제)

  • Zhao, Rongguang;Park, Gi-Suk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.337-362
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    • 2002
  • The history and culture of using Zhu to help take food in China is a focal question in contemporary Chinese academic circle and leads to various conflicting ideas. This article, based on original historical documents, archaeological findings, cultural relic authentication, field investigation and the author's long-term thinking, comes up with a series of new conclusions. Firstly, Zhu emerged and developed along with cooked food and granular food served in bowls; secondly, there had been a period of using a single Zhu in China's history before two Zhus being used simultaneously; thirdly, the development of Zhu culture went through five historical periods, namely the former form, the interim form, the Jia form, the Zhu form and chopsticks form. In addition, the author gives out his unique viewpoints on some other relevant questions, including the Zhus which can be dated back to the Neolithic Age unearthed at Longqiuzhuang in Jiangsu province, Jiangzhai in Shanxi province etc, and the bronze utensils in the shape of Zhu unearthed in 1934 at Yin Dynasty ruins in Henan province.

A Study on the Surface Air-Void Reduction of High Performance Concrete (고성능 콘크리트의 표면기포 저감에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Sang-Joon
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.49-55
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    • 2009
  • In this study, reduction methods of surface air void were examined for high performance concrete having high viscosity. The effects of assumed influencing factors such as form types, form-coating materials, tamping equipments and methods were examined based on the tests on mock-up specimens made of high performance concrete. The test results can be summarized as follows: As for form types, the most favorable results were obtained when coated plywood form was used with panel-shape tamping equipments at the contact region with concrete, the second and the third being the water/air-permeable sheets and steel with coated plywood, respectively. As for tamping equipments, a vibrator with 6.5cm diameter was most effective. Finally, the shorter the tamping intervals, the better the reduction effect of surface air void. As a conclusion, an improved method was proposed to reduce surface air void and it was verified with the test result that only four air voids as large as $5{\sim}10mm$ are found in the are of $1m^2$.

A Study on the Narrative Closure and Continuing Serial form of Korean Youth Web Series (단막극 형태로 서사가 종결되는 청춘 웹 드라마의 내러티브 연구)

  • Mok, Wing Sum;Byun, Daniel H.
    • Trans-
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    • v.13
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    • pp.91-116
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    • 2022
  • Web series, as one of the products in the network era, are different from traditional TV dramas, With the contents preferred by youngsters, wed series, as a form of fast food culture, are increasingly gaining popularity, such as being uploaded on online video platforms like Naver TV and Youtube. This study aims to examine the characteristics of narrative closure and continuing serial form of Youth Web Series through the youth web series production company "playlist original" in Korea and analyze the narrative structure caused by narrative closure and continuing serial form and nonlinear narratives.

Bacterial Pattern Formation in Response to the Stiffness of Substrates (접촉 표면의 강성 변화에 따른 박테리아의 군집 패턴)

  • Kim, J.K.;Park, E.J.;Kim, S.R.;Cho, M.Y.;Han, H.
    • 한국가시화정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.88-91
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    • 2007
  • Animal cells show different behaviors in response to the mechanical properties of the substrates. We hypothesize that the rigidity of the substrates also affects the bacterial motility and controls the colony dynamics. It is found that the colony size of Escherichia colis and Bacillus subtilis grown on the agar plates is correlated with agarose gel concentrations and thus with the substrate rigidity. High- resolution microscopic imaging reveals that bacteria in single colonies form different aggregation patterns on the agar plates with varying gel concentration. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficients in the agarose gel plates made with different gel concentrations. Mathematical modeling and quantitative imaging of dye dispersion in the agar plates suggest that there is a close connection between the diffusion rate and the colony size. Nanoscale pore structures and kinetic constraints in the porous media may have an effect on bacterial colony dynamics.

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A Study on the Visitor's Circulation of Exhibition Space in Museum (박물관의 순회형식과 관람동선에 관한 연구)

  • 신미경;임채진
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • no.5
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 1995
  • Entering into the modern society, the discussion on the role played by and the social position held by museums are forced to take into account the visitors, that is, the general public being real consumers of culture in accord-ance with the enlargement of the study of the visi-tors. The study of a museum has been developed with priori-ty given to the architectural study and exhibition space, but the study of the form of circulation of visitors using the museum is believed to have put an emphasis on the rough form of circulation on the basis of the general and basic theory and the particulars while the discussions on the more concrete method of study and its application are excluded as a basis of approaching in details to exhi-bition plans or producing plans. Consequently, the purpose of the study is to under-stand the problems in the form of circulation in the exist-ing exhibition rooms, and to infer the planning principles of interior design with priority given to the problems in space composition, details of exhibitions, the points in method, recognitions by visitors and the relation of path line as a way of resolving the problem.

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A Study on the Application of Natural Characteristics in Image Expression of interior Design (실내공간의 이미지 표현에 있어서 자연성 적용에 관한 연구)

  • 나인영
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • no.17
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    • pp.52-59
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    • 1998
  • In the modern ages when the surroundings of a city has become firm and monotonous this study designed to suggest an direction towards creative approaches to space planning by analyzing the images of interior space with the introduction of natural expressions as an alternative to create original space in order to give vitality to the previous standardized space and to satisfy human beings psychological desire. The results of the analysis as a way of expressing direct indirect and eclectic images using nature a source of arts read that most of the natural expressions show perceptive images strongly that natural elements can become the elements of design in any form and that nature's images are expressed by not only natural and artificial materials. In conclusion natural expression in interior space does not have any fixed form of expression but gives a great deal of vocabulary to the image formation of interior space by stimulating being's sentiment with the spatial restructure of nature's own particular order of form.

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Essay on Form and Function Design (디자인의 형태와 기능에 관한 연구)

  • 이재국
    • Archives of design research
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.63-97
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    • 1989
  • There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the -human beings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and uk relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem: the context defmes the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenites. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is neccessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness: indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty..vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coetemal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroun'||'&'||'not;dings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Desigh Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not neccessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the $$\mu$ti-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation de'||'&'||'not;sign", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts: Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter I, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter II, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.ioned.

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