• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.4499-4505
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• 2014

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and malignant form of glioma, appears to be resistant to various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, approaches have been intensively investigated to targeti specific molecular pathways involved in glioblastoma development and progression. Aloe emodin is believed to modulate the expression of several genes in cancer cells. We aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Aloe emodin on gene expression profiles in the human U87 glioblastoma cell line utilizing microarray technology. The gene expression analysis revealed that a total of 8,226 gene alterations out of 28,869 genes were detected after treatment with $58.6{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 hours. Out of this total, 34 genes demonstrated statistically significant change (p<0.05) ranging from 1.07 to 1.87 fold. The results revealed that 22 genes were up-regulated and 12 genes were down-regulated in response to Aloe emodin treatment. These genes were then grouped into several clusters based on their biological functions, revealing induction of expression of genes involved in apoptosis (programmed cell death) and tissue remodelling in U87 cells (p<0.01). Several genes with significant changes of the expression level e.g. SHARPIN, BCAP31, FIS1, RAC1 and TGM2 from the apoptotic cluster were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results could serve as guidance for further studies in order to discover molecular targets for the cancer therapy based on Aloe emodin treatment.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.239-246
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• 1999

A tripeptidase (PepT) was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus subtilis through four sequential chromatographies including DEAE-Sepharose ion exchange, hydroxylapatite, mono-Q FPLC ion exchange, and Superose-12 FPLC gel filtration. The apparent molecular mass of the enzyme was 49,200 Da and 51,400 Da as determined by sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and gel filtration chromatography, respectively, and the enzyme exists in a monomeric form. The physicochemical properties of the enzyme were as follows: optimum pH at 7.5, optimum temperature at $60^{\circ}C$, and pI at 4.9. The $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values of the enzyme were 4.3 mM and 2.5 mmol/min/mg, respectively, with MetAla-Ser as substrate. The B. subtilis PepT requires $Co^{2+}$ ion(s) for activation, while it is inactivated by EOTA and 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that it is a metalloprotein. The enzyme was not inhibited by any of serine protease, aspartic protease, or leucine aminopeptidase inhibitors. The enzyme showed comparable activities towards four different substrates including Met-Ala-Ser, Leu-Gly-Gly, Leu-Ser-Phe, and Leu-Leu-Tyr. The amino terminal sequence of PepT determined by Edman degradation was found to be MKEEIIERFTTYVXV and turned out to be identical to that of PepT deduced from a cloned B. subtilis pepT.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2020

In this study, the drift current characteristics of charged particles are analyzed for panels fabricated by varying the waveform biasing of the active particle loading method (APLM), which is a method driven by the electrophoretic principle of loading charged particles into a cell of a barrier rib-type electronic paper. We prepare 3 panels using APLM and 1 panel without APLM. The waveform of APLM uses square wave and ramp wave, and the step voltage wave is applied to the driving voltage. The drift currents measured from the square wave and ramp wave with the same period applied by APLM are 4.872 µC and 5.464 µC, respectively, and the ramp wave is shown to be relatively advantageous for loading charged particles that have a large q/m. The time-current curve results confirm that the abrupt movement of charged particles is occurring. When the step form wave signal with a short time of 1s is first applied, initial large movement of the charged particles is confirmed to occur in all samples, which is understood as the effect of applying the voltage necessary to remove the imaging force. The results of this study are expected to improve the loading of charged particles into the electronic paper cell, driven by the electrophoretic principle and optimization of the driving conditions.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2014

BACE2 is a membrane-bound aspartic protease that is highly homologous with BACE1. While BACE1 processes the amyloid precursor protein (APP) at a key step in generating ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide and presumably causes Alzheimer's disease (AD), BACE2 has not been demonstrated to be involved in APP processing directly, and its physiological functions are unknown. To determine its function and to develop inhibitors from marine sources, we constructed an overexpression vector for producing BACE2. The gene encoding human BACE2 protease was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction and cloned into the pET11a expression vector, resulting in pET11a/BACE2. Recombinant BACE2 protease was overexpressed successfully in E. coli as inclusion bodies, refolded using the rapid-dilution method, and purified via two-step fast protein liquid chromatography using Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration and Resource-Q column chromatography. The BACE2 protease produced was an active form. This study provides an efficient method not only for studying the basic properties of BACE2, but also for developing inhibitors from natural marine sources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 1999

The effects of carnitine in diets with or without added fat (5% lard or soybean oil) were evaluated in 72 Large White ${\times}$ Landrace ${\times}$ Duroc pigs weaned at 35 days of age. Pigs were fed a 1.30% lysine corn-soybean basal diet+15% dried whey+4% fish meal with carnitine at 0 or 50 mg/kg and either 0% added fat, 5% soybean oil or 5% lard for 6 weeks in a $2{\times}3$ factorial trial (6 treatments, 3 pens per treatment, 4 pigs per pen). Addition of carnitine increased average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the second two weeks of the six-week trial and overall, but had no significant effect on feed per gain (F/G). Lard alone depressed ADG (p<0.05) in the last two weeks of the trial and overall, but the ADG for pigs fed lard+carnitine was similar to the control. Lard reduced feed intake in the first two weeks of the trial (p<0.05). Carnitine reduced the percentage of pigs with poor (ADG<375 g/d) growth (15 vs 40%; p<0.05). The greater uniformity of growth was most evident in low-weaning-weight pigs in the second period (16 vs 62%, p<0.005). Addition of fat did not produce any positive effect on uniformity and had no interaction with carnitine on uniformity. Carnitine addition increased serum total carnitione and short-chain acyl-carnitine levels (p<0.05), but did not modify free carnitine levels. Serum carnitine levels were lower at weaning than at 14, 28, or 39 days after weaning (p<0.05). Carnitine increased serum protein levels on day 14 (p<0.05). Addition of fat in the form of soybean oil or lard did not improve piglet growth performance. Addition of 50 mg/kg of carnitine to the diet of weanling pigs enhanced postweaning performance.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.711-717
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• 2016

Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that stimulates production of high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which are important for innate immunity. NLRs, i.e., nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, play a crucial role as innate immune sensors and form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes, which mediate caspase-1-dependent processing of $pro-IL-1{\beta}$. To elucidate the role of inflammasome components in T. gondiiinfected THP-1 macrophages, we examined inflammasome-related gene expression and mechanisms of inflammasome-regulated cytokine $IL-1{\beta}$ secretion. The results revealed a significant upregulation of $IL-1{\beta}$ after T. gondii infection. T. gondii infection also upregulated the expression of inflammasome sensors, including NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, NLRP6, NLRP8, NLRP13, AIM2, and NAIP, in a time-dependent manner. The infection also upregulated inflammasome adaptor protein ASC and caspase-1 mRNA levels. From this study, we newly found that T. gondii infection regulates NLRC4, NLRP6, NLRP8, NLRP13, AIM2, and neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein (NAIP) gene expressions in THP-1 macrophages and that the role of the inflammasome-related genes may be critical for mediating the innate immune responses to T. gondii infection.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

In order to investigate the cause and magnitude of scale effect occurring in the model experiments of fishing nets, five pairs of Nylon pyramid nets and one pair of PE ones in which all the two nets paired were equal each other in the factors determining their flow resistance, i. e., the ratio d/l of diameter d to length l of bars, the angle f between two adjacent bars, the attack angle q of nettings to the water flow, and the wall area S of nets, and different in the values of d and l were prepared. Then, the nets were attached to the circular steel frame alternately and their flow resistances with shapes in water were measured on the sea ascribing no turbulent flows by using the tension meter made of a block bearing for the experiment. All the Nylon nets were spreads out easily in water to form a circular cone at relatively low velocity of water and showed the resistance smaller a little in the nets with larger d and l than them with smaller d and l, because the filtration of water through meshes become easier in nets especially with larger l. But PE nettings were not spread out sufficiently on account of their small flexibility and showed higher resistance especially in them with thicker twines. Therefore, the difference in bar length or mesh size and flexibility of nettings between prototype and model nets are regarded to become factors ascribing scale effect. Especially the influence of the difference in mesh size may become large significantly in actual model experiments because the mesh size of model nets is decided at much larger value than that given by scale ratio and so the difference of mesh size between the two nets become much larger than that between nets used in this experiment.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 FSSH(Folded Slot Spherical Helix) 자기 다이폴 안테나에 관한 추가적인 연구를 통해 안테나 시작품 제작에 용이성을 갖는 구조를 제안하고, 그 방사 특성을 분석하였다. FSSH 자기 다이폴 안테나의 folded element 개수와 그 사이 간의 거리 및 금속면의 두께를 조절하여 전기적 소형 크기에서 높은 효율을 유지하면서 상대적으로 간소화된 안테나 구조를 제안하였다. 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안된 안테나의 넓은 고효율 대역폭 특성을 non-Foster 정합회로를 통해 실질적으로 사용할 수 있음을 확인하였다. SLS(Selective Laser Sintering) 3D 프린팅 기술을 통해 안테나 시작품을 제작 및 측정하였다. 측정값은 구리 테이프 경계면의 높은 저항 손실로 인해 시뮬레이션에 비해 낮은 Q값 특성을 보인다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.728-735
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• 2017

Objective: This study was performed to reveal the molecular structure and expression patterns of horse glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) genes whose products form glutamate cysteine ligase, which were identified as differentially expressed genes in the previous study. Methods: We performed bioinformatics analyses, and gene expression assay with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for horse GCLC and GCLM genes in muscle and blood leukocytes of Thoroughbred horses Results: Expression of GCLC showed the same pattern in both blood and muscle tissues after exercise. Expression of GCLC increased in the muscle and blood of Thoroughbreds, suggesting a tissue-specific regulatory mechanism for the expression of GCLC. In addition, expression of the GCLM gene increased after exercise in both the blood and muscle of Thoroughbreds. Conclusion: We established the expression patterns of GCLC and GCLM in the skeletal muscle and blood of Thoroughbred horses in response to exercise. Further study is now warranted to uncover the functional importance of these genes in exercise and recovery in racehorses.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2020

이 연구에서는 작은 유기 분자 말단의 하이드록실기와 전이 금속 사이의 배위 결합을 통해 고분자와 유사하게 연결된 복합체를 제작하고, 점착 부여제를 추가하여 해당 물질의 점착제로의 사용 가능성을 확인하였다. 점착제 합성에 사용한 타닌산(tannic acid, TA)은 하이드록실기를 풍부하게 보유하고 있어 전이 금속과는 배위 결합이 가능하고 친수성 고분자와는 수소 결합이 가능하다. 위의 성질을 이용하여 타닌산과 전이 금속, 고분자 세 가지 성분을 한 번에 간단히 섞어 기판에 잘 펴지며 점착 능력을 보유한 특별한 유변 물성을 가지는 물질을 제작하였다. 합성에 사용한 전이 금속의 종류(Fe³⁺, Ti⁴⁺), 고분자의 종류, 처리 조건 등에 따른 유변 물성의 변화를 확인하는 과정을 통해 점착제로 사용하기에 가장 적합한 성분의 조합을 발견하였으며, 인체에 무해하며 높은 응집력과 접착력을 보유한 다목적 점착제로의 사용 가능성을 확인하였다.