• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.5_3
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• pp.687-694
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• 1998

In this study, the occurrence and distribution of dictyostelid cellular slime molds was investigted from soils of typical forests in Mt. Nam and the effect of soil environmental factor on cellular slime molds was investigated. The fourteen species including two undescribed species were isolated as follows: Dictyostelium brefeldianum, Polysphondylium pallidum, P. violaceum, P. pseudo-candidum in Quercus mongolica-Sorbus alnifolia forests, D. purpureum, D. mucoroides var. stoloniferum, D. dimigraformum, D. brefeldiamum, P. pallidum, P. tenuissimum, P. violoceum, P. candidum, P. pseudo-candidum in Pinus densiflora forests, D. polycephahum, D. capitatum, d. brefeldianun, P. candidum in Robinia pseudo-acacia forests, D. purpureum, D. aureostipes var, aureostipes, D. polycephalum in Quercus acutissima forests, D. minutum, D. implicatum. in the site disturbed by human. The dominant species were P. pallidum, D. brefeldiamum, P. pseudo-candidum and D. dimigraformum were the undescribed species in Korea. Environmental factors such as soil pH, water content, organic content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus made a little effect on total species number, the number of clones.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-90
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• 1986

The production and decomposition of litters and nutrient cycling of forests were studied at the pine forests such as Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Pinus rigida, Pinus thunbergii, Abies holophylla and Larix kaempfer. The annual litter production of the P. densiflora forest was the most on Mt. Mudeung which was 620.75g/$m^2$ and the least on Mt. Halla which was 155.00g/$m^2$. The decay rate of litters was the highest at the P. densiflora forest on Mt. Mudeung which was k=0.256 and the lowest at the P. densiflora forest on Mt. Halla and A. holophylla on Mt. Jiri which were k=0.099. The half time of decomposition of litters was shortest at the P. densiflora forest on Mt. Mudeung and the longest at the P. densiflora on Mt. Halla and A. holophylla forests on Mt. Jiri. The average decay rate of the L. kaempferi forests which was k=0.204 was the highest and that of the A. holophylla forests which was k=0.122 was the lowest. The decay rate tended to decrease against increasing the altitude. The annual production of litterr, the contents of mineral nutrients and the amounts of mineral nutrients inputted into the forest soil tended to increase in proportion to the decay rate, k.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1990

The rates of litter production and decomposition of litters from grasslands and forests in Mt. Guryong were studied. The annual litter production of Glycine soja showed the highest value 1950.88 g/$m^2$/yr in the grasslands and that in Quercus acutissima, as 2202.38 g/$m^2$/yr in the forests. The highest decay rate of the grasslands was found in G. soja as k=0.713 and that of the forests was in Salix koreensis as k=0.319. The Z values of k in the grasslands was higher than that in the forests. The shortest half-time of the litter decay in the grasslands was 0.9 years in G. soja and the longest one of the forests was S. koreensis as 2.1 years and the longest of all was Q. mongolica as 5.2 years. In the amount of total nitrogen of litters, G. soja was the highest of the grasslands and S. koreensis was the highest of the forest. The content of the total nitrogen in litters was directly propotional to the decay rates.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution and their change of Pinus densiflora forests by climate change in Mt. Hallasan. The results showed that the areas of P. densiflora forests of Mt. Hallasan varied by region, with a total area of 1,324.3 ha, concentrated mostly in the region 1,000 m - 1,400 m above sea level. The temperate coniferous forest zone are distributed in the upper part of temperate forest zone composed of deciduous broad-leaved trees. Most of the P. densiflora forests in the lower parts were found not to be spreading because they are located close to the deciduous broad-leaved trees. However, the P. densiflora forests in the Sajebi and Pyeonggwe regions composed of the grasslands and shrub forests were found to be spreading. In addition, the altitude of the P. densiflora forests distribution increased by about 50 m and 90 m in the Sajebi and Pyeonggwe regions, respectively. The spread rate is expected to become faster than in the past due to the rate of climate change. The structure of the vegetation in Mt. Hallasan and the changes in the vegetation due to various factors need to be investigated from a long-term point of view.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.3 s.24
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is on identifying the restoration guidelines of supplementary village grove and villageside forest in case of Neunggil village in Jinan county of Korea. These forests were managed very well before industrialization by village residents in order to obtain fuels and organic fertilizers traditionally. But recently, these forests were abandoned by using natural gas, oil and chemical fertilizer. Therefore, species diversity of these forests was downward and traditional rural landscape was lost. Accordingly, this study suggested the restoration guidelines of these forests through restoring the relationship between man and nature. For this, vegetation map was made by quadrat method. And management guidelines of these forests were suggested by the analysis of vegetation map. Also, for the restoration of supplementary village grove, Miyawiki professor's method of Yokohama university through introducing potential natural vegetation was suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is on identifying vegetation change through monitoring representative complementary village forests according to different management. For this, two of complementary village forests around Mai mountain which many ones remain were selected. Those are complementary village forests of Seochon and Wonyeonjang. Seochon forest is a representative one which is managed naturally and Wonyeonjang one is a representative one which is managed artificially. The field survey for monitoring was preformed in 2002 and 2007, 2016. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) were measured by Brown-Blanquet's method in field survey. Through the analysis and review of survey data, the change of species richness, appearing species characteristics, species composition and layer structure etc. according to different management was monitored. As a result, it can be seen that natural succession has increased species diversity, improved vegetation structure and circulation of complementary village forest. On the other hand, excessive anthropomorphic management was found to be detrimental to the health of the forests and to the vegetation structure and species composition. And it was found that excessive management threaten sustainability and periodical proper management is necessary. Through this review, the useful management direction of complementary village forests was suggested.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 2005

Dangsan forests and Rural Community Forests(RCF) have been historical assets for the rural communities of more than 40,000 in Korea and they have provided an identity through the cultural heritage. The Dangsan forests and the RCF are parts of a unique cultural landscape in the rural areas as components of stream landscape. In many cases, the Dangsan forests and the RCF are located close to stream corridors. The objective of this study was to understand the function of the Dangsan forests and the RCF on stream water quality and to evaluate its ecological landscape values. Through the consideration of international concensus and domestic government policy for close-to-nature stream, we could find out that Dangsan forests and RCF's have close relationship with the close-to-nature streams. The water quality of the streams close to the Dangsan forests and the RCF are maintained with local culture. It is also compared to the streams located where Dangsan forests and the RCF are absent. Eight study sites were selected. Water samples were collected at three different locations at each study site. Water samples were analyzed for temperature, pH, total P, total N, dissolved oxygen, EC, BOD, COD and SS. Aquatic invertebrates were observed as water quality indicator species. The results showed that the number of aquatic invertebrate species, GPI, DO, EC, BOD, and SS were significantly improved in stream water due to the presence of the Dangsan forests and the RCF. The role of Dangsan forests and the RCF was evident in the conservation of stream landscape and rural culture as well as in maintaining stream water quality. The management schemes of the streams with Dangsan forests and the RCF's are also suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.54-60
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• 2013

This study carried out a phytosociological research by Z.-M. school's method describing vegetation structure and management solution about nutmeg tree's(Torreya nucifera ) forests. The nutmeg tree's forests have developed intervale and hills in warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests zone. The nutmeg tree's forests composed 50 familly, 80 genus, 88 species divided two syntaxa(typical sub-community, Arachniodes aristata sub-community) by species composition and correspond to habitat condition. The nutmeg tree's forests show a uniform forest's structure which composed 3~4 layer of sub-tree and shrub. And it was worthy of special mention which characterized diagnostic species of Camellietea japonicae in the warm-temperate evergreen broad-leaved forests. In case of forests floor, were a high rate in order of Ophiopogon japonicus, Polystichum tripteron, Arisaema ringens. And Oplismenus undulatifolius which represent mantle communities as well. This indicates that the nutmeg tree's forests are exposed by humman effects sustainedly. The nutmeg tree's young trees appeared a high rate at half shade and shade. The vigorous tree species have to spacing cutting instead of the heavy thinning that consist in with a shout of declining astructur and function of the forest ecosystem for maintaining a nutmeg tree's forests. And we suggest for the density regulation of the sub-tree and shrub. In conclusion, need to the continuous monitoring about the vegetation structure and management solution for the sustainable nutmeg tree's forests.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.106-115
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• 2014

Traditional village forests called Dangsan forests represent unique cultural landscape as a national cultural asset in Korea with a history of more than several hundred years. Cultural heritage can retain their value when they are fully sustained their authenticity and management scheme. The Dangsan forests established in a large area have been designated as a natural monument by Cultural Heritage Administration. Small scale Dangsan forests, however, are not introduced to the public and on the verge of disappearance. Dangsan forests have a value as a core landscape element in rural landscapes of Korea. The two villages at Ijeon-ri, Cheongsong-gun have small Dangsan forests where Dangsan ritual is performed. At one of the villages, there is Jusanji Reservoir designated for Scenic Site # 105, from which the water is used for growing crops. In this study, the landscape characteristics of the Dangsan forests were investigated including rice paddy field, stream, and the Jusanji Reservoir. A conservation measure of rural landscape for sustainable management scheme was suggested by designating 'Conservation area of agricultural landscape ecology'. Dangsan forests, especially where they are in small scale like those of Ijeon-ri, tend to be neglected. The Dangsan forests ought to be recognized for their value and by providing a management scheme including neighborhood elements such as farm fields and streams they can be revitalized to be core areas for conservation of rural landscape.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.34 no.6_3
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• pp.1399-1414
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• 2018

Natural forests are un-manned forests where the artificial forces of people are not applied to the formation of forests. On the other hand, artificial forests are managed by people for their own purposes such as producing wood, preventing natural disasters, and protecting wind. The artificial forests enable us to enhance economical benefits of producing more wood per unit area because it is well-maintained with the purpose of the production of wood. The distinction surveys have been performed due to different management methods according to forests. The distinction survey between natural forests and artificial forests is traditionally performed via airborne remote sensing or in-situ surveys. In this study, we suggest a classification method of forest types using satellite imagery to reduce the time and cost of in-situ surveying. A classification map of natural forest and artificial forest were generated using KOMPSAT-3, 3A, 5 data by employing artificial neural network (ANN). And in order to validate the accuracy of classification, we utilized reference data from 1/5,000 stock map. As a result of the study on the classification of natural forest and plantation forest using artificial neural network, the overall accuracy of classification of learning result is 77.03% when compared with 1/5,000 stock map. It was confirmed that the acquisition time of the image and other factors such as needleleaf trees and broadleaf trees affect the distinction between artificial and natural forests using artificial neural networks.