• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.74-77
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of thinning intensity on the growth of large diameter trees in Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.) plantation. Eight thinning plots were analyzed by categorizing into heavy thinning, light thinning, no thinning (control) according to thinning intensity. As a result, average DBH increased more in heavy thinning plots than in light thinning or unthinned plots. The number of large trees (DBH>25 cm) were obviously shown the most in heavy thinning plots. It is considered that heavy thinning is needed for the production of the large diameter trees.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.153-156
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• 2008

Comparative analysis of forest fire danger rating on the forest characteristics of thinning area and non-thinning area on forest fire burnt area was studied in this work. To investigate the effect of thinning slash in forest fire, Gangneung-si Wangsan-myeon, Ulgin-gun Wonnam-Myeon, Samchok-si Gagok-Myeon, in which forest fire broke out, were selected. As a result that investigated forest fire danger ratio between thinning slash and non-thinning slash, leeward scorching ratio(36%), crown damage ratio(29%), mortality of branch at the former are higher than those at the latter, leeward scorching ratio of tree, where thinning slash is around, is 10%-20% higher than that of independent tree. So I estimate that thinning slash has a some effect on the intensity of forest fire. And the result to investigate damage of forest fire according to tree species shows that leeward scorching ratio of conifer is 5% higher than that of non-conifer, and mortality of branch of the former is 19% higher than that of the latter. It is considered that forest fire may affect directly to a tree trunk if it diffuse to piled thinning tree because there was no space between thinning trees and trees. Furthermore, it was found that re-ignition had a chance to occur due to lots of piled thinning trees.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.223-230
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• 2007

Nowaday, for the promotion of producing forest trees, production of excellent timbers, and build-up of public forest area, it is on the increase of the thinning-forest for artificial forest, natural forest, eco-friendly forest, and the forest for development and improvement of forest resources nationwide. Even though the thinning-forest is applied around 180,000ha every year, the quantity of collected/used products is only 18,000ha $(240,000m^3)$ which is 10% of the whole thinning-forest area. Meanwhile, some reports represent that the left products after thinning-forest might increase the severity of forest fire and the waste of resources. Therefore, this study focused on the analysis of correlation between the accumulated products after thinning-forest and forest fire, and providing a preparation plan for the forest fire.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

This study aimed to figure out and compare the increment of biomass by thinning intensity focused on the plantation of the two major coniferous species (Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis) of South Korea. The inventory interval was three years under the effects of three types of thinning treatments; control (no thinning), light (20% thinning) and heavy (40% thinning). The results showed standing biomass increment of both species decreased as thinning intensity increased (heavylight>control). Meanwhile, the lowest of on-site biomass changes occurred in the control plot, and the greatest was in the heavy thinning plot because thinning was involved with leaving the felling residual biomass (leaves, branches and roots) on the site. According to the results from this short-term study, unthinned stands is preferable for maximizing standing biomass as well as carbon sequestration. However long-term investigation should be considered in order to see more clear results.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.5-12
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• 2000

The main purpose of this study is to obtain spatial image information toward forest thinning process in Larix forest stands. Thirteen different alternatives were simulated to visualize on the basis of actual thinning work photos. The options were illustrated as photos produced by photoshop program. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest visitor group with total 244 respondents after reliability test. Spatial images of 13 thinning photos were measured by 12 semantic differential scale as broad -narrow, ordered-tangled, friendly-unfriendly, monotonous-divers, dry-refreshing, relieved -stifling, healthy-sickly, uniform-scattered, dead-alive, opened-closed, bent-straight, and beautiful-ugly. In comparison with thinning stands and natural stands, thinning works were visual improvement effects of spatial images. Seemingly, this trend is due to definite form beauty, straight and clear length form of coniferous forest, As can be expected, slash and downwood were negatively related to improvement effects of spatial images. The 60% ratio of stem/ tree height and 450-950 trees/ha was positive in attraction of spatial images. Results indicate how to conduct forest thinning system for spatial images on Larix forest stands.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2007년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.217-222
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• 2007

Since 1973, we attain a successful achievement of nation-wide afforestation such as a thick forest and heaped-up leaves. However, the higher of the formation density in forest, the more dangerous to be a large-scale forest fire whenever fire occurs. According to the type of forest in the country, 42% of the forest is occupied by conifer forest that are highly flammable, and the distribution of forest age is in a transition period from immature forest to mature one. And the structure is too weak to the forest fire for the occurrence and spread because there are too many scrub and shrub trees in the forest. As a matter of course, it is on the increase of the thinning-forest that can shift the forest structure from a weak on forest fire to a strong one nowaday. In other words, thinning-forest has primary purposes such as the promotion of producing forest trees, production of excellent timbers, and build-up of public forest area. Furthermore, in some reports, the reduction of ladder fuel by eliminating the vertical/horizontal fuel in a forest and ensuring spaces in the forest can decrease the occurrence of forest fire and the risk of spread of burning as by-effect. Therefore, this study is designed to clarify the relation with the risk of forest fire by an on-spat-investigation of the characteristics of forest composition on the thinning and the non-thinning area.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.32-39
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• 2009

본 연구는 산불적지에서 숲 가꾸기 실행 유무와 산불위험성과의 관계를 비교 분석하기 위하여 2007년에 산불이 발생했던 강원도 강릉시, 삼척시 및 경북 울진지역에 총18개소의 세부조사구를 선정하여 숲 가꾸기 실행 유무, 피해수종, 산불진행방향, DBH, 총수고, 지하고, 임목고사여부, 편면연소율, 수관피해율, 임목밀도, 지하고, 숲 가꾸기 산물의 방치유무, 조사지의 위치(GPS), 해발고도, 조사사면의 방위, 산지경사, 지형을 각각 조사하였다. 조사결과, 숲 가꾸기 실행지의 편면연소율은 24.7%인 반면, 미실행지의 편면연소율은 60.2%로 숲 가꾸기 미실행지가 실행지에 비해 약 35.5% 높게 나타났고, 수종별로는 소나무가 참나무류 보다 피해가 크게 나타났다. 임목고사율의 경우도 숲 가꾸기 미실행지가 실행지에 비해 약 41.4% 높게 나타났다. 그리고, 숲 가꾸기 실행지의 산물들이 근접해 있는 임목이 그렇지 않은 임목에 비하여 10${\sim}$20%의 편면연소 피해를 더 받는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 임목주변에 숲 가꾸기 산물이 있을 경우, 독립적으로 있는 임목보다 연소물량이 많아 산불강도에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 적재된 간벌목이 산림 내에 많이 쌓여있는 경우에는 이로 인하여 재발화의 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타나, 숲 가꾸기 산물을 임외로 걷어 내리거나 다른 용도로의 활용방안을 강구해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2022

Background: Korean white pine (Pinus koraiensis) is a major commercial species, and the importance of the oak trees (Quercus spp.) is increasing due to various factors such as environmental and ecological values. However, more information is required to clearly understand the growth characteristics of these species especially regarding thinning intensity. This study was performed to provide the basic information to develop the silvicultural guideline and field manual by analyzing tree and stand characteristics in line with thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation and oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Results: Diameter at breast height (DBH) and volume changes by the thinning intensity in the Korean white pine plantation were significantly different from those in the oak-dominated deciduous natural forest. In particular, DBH distribution in the pine stand appeared that there were more large diameter trees as the thinning intensity was higher. DBH periodic annual increment (PAI) of the pine stand was higher as the thinning intensity was stronger and the growth period was shorter. This trend was similarly shown in the natural deciduous forest, but the amount of PAI was smaller than in pine stand. The volume PAI after thinning was not decreased over time. In each stand type, the PAI tended to be lower as stand density was higher. The volume PAI in the pine stand was significantly higher than that in the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. Dead trees occurred the most in the unthinned plots of each stand type, and those were higher in the natural deciduous forest. Ingrowth trees were observed only in the natural deciduous forest, and its distribution was the lowest in unthinned plots; Korean white pine as ingrowth occurred the most frequently among many tree species. Conclusions: Different effects of thinning treatment on DBH and volume PAI, mortality, and ingrowth were observed for each stand. With respect to forest growth, Korean white pine plantation was superior to the oak-dominated natural deciduous forest. The results of this study offer fundamental information for the development of silvicultural guidelines for Korean white pine plantations and oak-dominated natural deciduous forests in Korea.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제100권2호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2011

소나무재선충병 방제법 중 임업적 방제법을 개발하기 위한 일환으로 위생간벌, 간벌, 어린소나무 가꾸기가 소나무재선충병의 제어에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 야외 그물망 케이지에 소나무재선충을 보유한 솔수염하늘소를 방사하였다. 대조구, 위생간벌, 간벌 처리구 모두에서 공시목의 50% 이상이 고사되었으며, 처리구 간에는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 그리고 처리구 내 방치한 숲가꾸기 산물이 소나무재선충병을 확산시키는 촉매제로 작용하였다. 어린 소나무림 가꾸기의 경우 산물을 방치한 처리구가 공시목의 고사율이 90% 이상으로 가장 높았으며, 산물을 케이지 밖으로 들어낸 처리구와 숲가꾸기를 하지 않고 솔수염하늘소의 성충을 방사한 처리구에서는 10% 내외의 고사율을 나타내었다. 솔수염하늘소 우화 당년도인 4월에 위생간벌, 간벌을 실행한 장령목의 벌근에서는 솔수염하늘소의 유충이 출현하지 않았으나, 솔수염하늘소의 우화 당년도인 5월에 숲가꾸기 한 어린나무의 벌근에서는 유충이 출현하였다. 본 실험 결과, 장령 소나무림과 어린소나무림 내에 소나무재선충병이 만연하고 있는 임분의 경우 솔수염하늘소의 우화 당년도인 4월과 5월에 실행한 숲가꾸기는 소나무재선충병의 제어에 아무런 효과가 없었으며 방치한 숲가꾸기 산물은 오히려 소나무 재선충병을 확산시키는 촉매제로 작용하였다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.303-312
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• 2018

본 연구는 숲가꾸기가 시행된 부산대학교 제1학술림을 대상으로 간벌 전 후의 산림생물량 및 온도를 실측하여 천연림에서 간벌에 따른 산림생물량 감소와 산림 내부 온도변화의 관계를 확인하고자 하였다. 산림생물량은 간벌 전 후 동일 조사구에 흉고단면적, 수관단면적, 수관체적을 각각 동일한 도출식을 적용하여 도출하였으며, 산림 온도와의 관계성을 파악하고자 하였다. 온도측정은 간벌 이전인 2016년 04월 20일~28일, 간벌 전후인 2016년 07월 26일~11월 04일, 간벌 이듬해인 2017년 04월 15일~05월 08일에 각각 실시하였으며 온도데이터로거를 방형구 내 중앙에 위치한 수목의 지상 2.0m 높이에 북향으로 설치하여 동일기간동안 각 10분마다 데이터가 기록되도록 설치하였다. 간벌이 산림 전역에 진행되어 산림 내 대조구 설정이 어려워 인근 도시에 위치한 동래구 지역별상세관측자료(AWS)를 대조구로 활용하였다. 산림생물량의 변화와 온도와의 관계성을 분석한 결과, 산림 내부 온도 변화는 한낮 시간대(PM12:00~15:00)에 가장 큰 변화를 보였으며, 산림생물량 중 수관체적과 깊은 관계성을 가지고 있었다. 간벌 직후(평균 $0.74^{\circ}C$)보다 간벌 후 1년이 경과한 시점(평균$1.91^{\circ}C$)에서 훨씬 높은 온도 상승을 보였다. 조사구별 수관체적 감소비율과 온도 상승정도를 비교한 결과, 수관체적 감소량이 15.4%로 가장 높았던 리기다소나무군락에서 간벌 직후와 1년 후 분석에서 각각 $1.06^{\circ}C$, $2.49^{\circ}C$로 가장 높은 온도 상승을 나타냈다. 수관체적 감소비율이 5.0%로 가장 적었던 리기다소나무-소나무군락에서 간벌 직후는 그 차이가 없었으며 1년 후 분석에서는 $0.92^{\circ}C$가 상승하였다. 천연림에서 간벌로 인한 산림생물량 감소는 산림내부 온도를 급격히 상승시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 특히, 간벌 직후보다는 이듬해에 더 극심하게 나타나고 있어 제거된 산림생물량에 의한 미기후 변화는 단기간에 회복될 수 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.