• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.2
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• pp.209-216
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• 2023

This study aimed to use national forest inventory data to develop a forest productivity index and yield prediction model of a Tilia amurensis stand. The site index displaying the forest productivity of the Tilia amurensis stand was developed as a Schumacher model, and the site index classification curve was generated from the model results; its distribution growth in Korea ranged from 8-16. The growth model using age as an independent variable for breast height and height diameter estimation was derived from the Chapman-Richards and Weibull model. The Fitness Indices of the estimation models were 0.32 and 0.11, respectively, which were generally low values, but the estimation-equation residuals were evenly distributed around 0, so we judged that there would be no issue in applying the equation. The stand basal area and site index of the Tilia amurensis stand had the greatest effect on the stand-volume change. These two factors were used to derive the Tilia amurensis stand yield model, and the model's determination coefficient was approximately 94%. After verifying the residual normality of the equation and autocorrelation of the growth factors in the yield model, no particular problems were observed. Finally, the growth and yield models of the Tilia amurensis stand were used to produce the makeshift stand yield table. According to this table, when the Tilia amurensis stand is 70 years old, the estimated stand-volume per hectare would be approximately 208 m³ . It is expected that these study results will be helpful for decision-making of Tilia amurensis stands management, which have high value as a forest resource for honey and timber.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 1990

For the maximun yield of the forest trees in the forest management, the growth of annual ring area of the major forest trees was analysed in the four areas in South Korea. The time to the maximum productivity and the optimum cutting time for the maximum yield were estimated. The growth curve of annual ring area showed sigmoid like that of other organisms. Only the growth coefficient among the areas between Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Pinus koraiensis represented significance (5% level). The growth coefficient among forest trees between Pinus densiflora and Abies holophylla, Larix kaempferi and Carpinus laxiflora, Larix kaempferi and Quercus mongolica, Larix kaempferi and Quercus serrata, Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis, and Larix kaempferi and Abies holophylla represented significance (5% level). Among eight forest trees, the time to maximum productivity (tm) of Larix kaempferi was the earliest (21.4 year), and Abies holophylla was the latest (91.9 year). The optimum cutting time for the maximum yield (tc) of L. kaempferi was the earliest (29.4 year) and that of A, holophylla was the latest (122.2 year) of all communities. The optimum cutting time for the maximum yield was 1.33 times as late as the time to the maximum productivity. If the growth of annual ring area as the forest tree for wood is regarded, L. kaempferi and P. densiflora are thought to be more economical than A. holophylla and P. koraiensis.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2014

Lentinula edodes is known by oak mushroom. It has been favored as delicious and nutritious food and the low-calorie food with a high nutritional value. It is also functional food since it contains a material well-known for its medicinal benefits. Since the growth and quality of oak mushrooms are sensitively affected by environmental conditions, an adequate environmental control is very essential to improve the yield and quality under protected cultivation. The main objectives of the study were to investigate cultural characteristics of mycelial growth and in vitro fruiting of Lentinula edodes. The optimum culture media for mycelial growth of L. edodes were PDA and MYA. Similarly, optimum temperature was $25^{\circ}C$. Malt extract(2%) and yeast extract(0.2%) were optimum carbon and nitrogen sources. Optimal culture period was 110~120 days in sawdust medium. Mycelial growth in medium(61 mm/7 days) Quercus mongolica extract the most good. Among different five log types, highest mycelial growth and fruiting productivity were observed in Quercus variabilis sawdust(20.9%).

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.379-388
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• 2015

The purpose of the this study was to provide basic data on reasonable management for Abies koreana in Mt. Jiri through analysis the ecological characteristics of Abies koreana forests on Seseok. Due to low soil pH (4.26), high organic matter (10.5%) and total N (0.32%), the soil properties of A. koreana forest on Seseok are different from those of other forest soil in Korea. According to the result of importance value analysis, A. koreana (70.5) for tree layer, A. koreana (37.6) and Rhododendron schlippenbachii (20.8) for subtree layer and A. koreana (12.6), Sasa borealis (11.5) and Acer pseudosieboldianum (11.2) for shrub layer were high, respectively. The species diversity of Shannon was 0.425 for tree layer, 0.869 for subtree layer and 1.320 for shrub layer. Evenness and dominance for all layers ranged from 0.365 to 0.894 and 0.187 to 0.635, respectively. Height growth according to DBH of A. koreana on Seseok was relative high. Annual mean tree ring growth of A. koreana showed up 1.372, 1.557 and 1.483 mm/yr for small, middle and large diameter tree, respectively. Considering the importance value, distribution of seedling, height growth and ring growth, A. koreana forest on Seseok in Mt. Jiri will be maintained as the major population from now on.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.687-692
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• 2011

Pimpinella brachycarpa, a summer-green perennial herb, is narrowly distributed in the moist forest floors. We investigated environmental characteristics and growth patterns of Pimpinella brachycarpa depending on the microenvironment in Mt. Jeombong located in the central part of Korea. P. brachycarpa populations were located at an altitude of 978~1016 m and the average atmospheric humidity hovered at 80 percent. Also, it was found that the soil moisture content was remarkably high, 26.7%, in the populations; organic matter 11.1~11.7%; the nitrate nitrogen 0.60%; available phosphorus 19.5~39.0 ppm; CEC $20.8{\sim}21.3cmolckg^{-1}$; soil pH 4.7~4.8 respectively. In case of growth pattern, the shoot length of individuals under the improved light condition in the sunny forest was statistically longer than in the dense forest. Therefore, we presumed that high humidity and ample soil moisture are abiotic factors of the growth of P. brachycarpa and that the amount of light affects the relative growth rate of individuals.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

The experimental study was carried out to evaluate the performance of underplanted Pinus koraiensis 2-2 seedlings in the closed canopy natural deciduous forest. Overstory density effects on seedling survival and growth were assessed 7 years after underplanting. Seedling survival rate was 80%, average height was 0.9m with minimum of 0.3m and maximum of 2.1m, and average diameter at butt end was 1.7cm with minimum of 1.4cm and maximum of 3.5cm. Compared with the growth rate of the pine plantation after clearcutting, the growth performance of underplanted pine seedlings was so poor that the height growth was less than 30% and diameter growth was less than 20%. Even though the Pinus koraiensis seedlings would be shade tolerant, the establishment and performance of underplanted Pinus koraiensis seedlings could be promoted by more than 50% of canopy regulation that provide adequate light at the forest floor and should exhibit a strong positive response following overstory removal by tending operation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.6
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• pp.908-913
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• 2010

This study analyzed the impact of climatic and topographic factors on tree radial growth of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. in central regions of Korea. To find the relationship between annual tree radial growth and climatic factors, we took the core samples from individual trees and measured the tree radial width. On the assumption that the tree radial growth is related to the tree age, we estimated the radial growth by the tree age as an independent variable. Also, we estimated the standard growth, defined as the radial growth of trees aged 30. As results, we found the spatial auto-correlation in the radial growth of the red pine. Moreover, we also found the relationships between climatic and topographic and the standard growth using the GAM (Generalized Additive Model). Increase of temperature has negative impacts on the radial growth of Pinus densiflora, while it has positive impacts on the radial growth of Quercus spp.. On the other hands, increase of precipitation has negative impacts on the radial growth of both species. Lastly, we predicted the spatial distribution changes of Pinus densiflora and Quercus spp. using the temperature increase scenario and the Geographic Information System (GIS) based forest type map. We could predict that Pinus densiflora is more vulnerable than Quercus spp. to climate change so that the habitats of Pinus densiflora will be gradually changed to the habitats of Quercus spp. in eastern coastal and southern regions of Korea after 60 years.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2016

Background : Acer pictum is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Aceraceae. This study was conducted to collect basic data on mass propagation techniques by surveying the germination and growth characteristics of A. pictum seeds. Methods and Results : A. pictum seeds were harvested in 2014 on August 19, September 5, September 29 and October 31. The seeds were then sown on the same dates they were harvested. A portion of seeds harvested in August 2014 were stored at low temperatures and subsequently sown on March 11, 2015. The germination rate of A. pictum seeds was highest in seeds that were stored harvested on October 31. Mean germination time (MGT) was shortest and germination velocity (Rs) was fastest in seeds harvested on October 31. Root collar diameter, total root length, and dry weight were also highest from seeds collected October 31. Conclusions : A. pictum seeds harvested on October 31 had highest germination and growth rates compared with seeds harvested on earlier dates. It is expected that these results demonstrating optimum harvesting and sowing dates will be applicable to future seedling production for this tree species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.87-96
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• 2010

This study was conducted to select environmentally-friendly and low-cost mulching material that could replace soil molding which can be used to restore vegetation in an abandoned coal mine area. To this end, we established 20 experimental plots (4m ${\times}$ 10m in size) on the steep, south west-facing slope of the abandoned coal mine area in Hwangji-Dong, Taebaek City, Gangwon Province in April 2006. We planted two-year-old 1,600 seedlings (at intervals of 0.6m ${\times}$ 0.8m) of drought-resistant tree species including Betula schmidtii, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Amorpha fruticosa, and Quercus mongolica in the plots. After planting seedlings, mulching was applied by using five different kinds of material such as HWAP (Teracotem), peat moss, straw mats, wood chips, and control (no-mulching) and the effects of different mulching material on the survival rate and growth performance were compared. Three years after planting, the survival rate was the highest in wood chip mulching, followed by straw-mat, peat moss, HWAP, and control. The survival rate was the highest in Quercus mongolica, followed by Betula schmidtii, Betula platyphylla var. japonica, and Amorpha fruticosa. Meanwhile the height growth was the best in Betula platyphylla var. japonica, followed by Betula schmidtii, Quercus mongolica, and Amorpha fruticosa. The height growth of seedlings was the best in HWAP mulching, followed by peat moss, woody chips, straw mat, and control. From an economic point of view, wood chips are considered to be the best mulching material. The results showed that mulching without soil molding and/or mixing applications would be effective for restoring vegetation in an abandoned coal mine areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.233-242
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to develop a management strategy for the recovery of carbon storage capacity of abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation area. For the purpose, the biomass and stand carbon storage over time after the forest rehabilitation by tree type for Betula platyphylla, Pinus densiflora, and Alnus hirsuta trees which are major tree species widely planted for the forest rehabilitation in the abandoned coal mine were calculated, and compared them with general forest. The carbon storage in abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation areas was lower than that in general forests, and based on tree species, Pinus densiflora stored 48.9%, Alnus hirsuta 41.1%, and Betula platyphylla 27.0%. This low carbon storage is thought to be caused by poor growth because soil chemical properties, such as low TOC and total nitrogen content, in the soil of abandoned coal mine forest rehabilitation areas, were adverse to vegetation growth compared to those in general forests. DBH, stand biomass, and stand carbon storage tended to increase after forest rehabilitation over time, whereas stand density decreased. Stand' biomass and carbon storage increased as DBH and stand density increased, but there was a negative correlation between stand density and DBH. Therefore, after forest rehabilitation, growth status should be monitored, an appropriate growth space for trees should be maintained by thinning and pruning, and the soil chemical properties such as fertilization must be managed. It is expected that the carbon storage capacity the forest rehabilitation area could be restored to a level similar to that of general forests.