• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2019

Numerous water disasters have recently occurred all over the world, including South Korea, due to global climate change in recent years. As water-related disasters occur extensively and their sites are difficult for people to access, it is necessary to monitor them using satellites. The Ministry of Environment and K-water plan to launch the next-generation medium satellite No. 5 (water resource/water disaster satellite) equipped with C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in 2025. C-band SAR has the advantage of being able to observe water resources twice a day at a high resolution both day and night, regardless of weather conditions. Currently, RADARSAT-2 and Sentinel-1 equipped with C-band SAR achieve the purpose of their launch and are used in various environmental fields such as forest structure detection and coastline change monitoring, as well as for unique purposes including the detection of flooding, drought and soil moisture change, utilizing the advantages of SAR. As such, this study aimed to analyze the characteristics of the next-generation medium satellite No. 5 and its application in environmental fields. Our findings showed that it can be used to improve the degree of precision of existing environmental spatial information such as the classification accuracy of land cover map in environmental field works. It also enables us to observe forests and water resources in North Korea that are difficult to access geographically. It is ultimately expected that this will enable the monitoring of the whole Korean Peninsula in various environmental fields, and help in relevant responses and policy supports.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2021

Background and objective: A biosphere reserve is a complex concept that combines the preservation of biodiversity and the sustainable development with the region, outstanding ecosystems with worth conserving in worldwide. The purpose of this study is to suggest the way of zoning that can perform the functions of conservation, development, and logistics support of biosphere reserves. Methods: To meet the purpose of this study, the designation criteria, restrictions, and permissions of the protected area specified in the law for domestic protected areas were reviewed to classify the functions of a biosphere reserve. Results: Through this classification, 10 domestic protected areas with high ecological protection value, such as the natural beauty of the ecosystem, biodiversity, and habitats for wild animals and plants were derived as the core areas of the biosphere reserves. Also, a total of 21 protected zones that can function as a buffer to protect the core of the natural ecosystem from indiscriminate development such as resource protection, recovery, pollution prevention, and improvement were derived as appropriate sites for a buffer. In the review process, issues such as different behavioral restrictions and ranges of permission due to the application of different laws were identified, if two or more protected areas exist within one of the protected areas, there is a protected area that does not meet the criteria for designating use zone, or where behavior restrictions do not meet the zoning criteria of biosphere reserve, under the laws of domestic protected areas. Conclusion: Although this study was not able to carefully review most of the laws on domestic protected areas that are linked to other laws, it was able to categorize appropriate domestic protected areas that can act as the core and buffer zones of biosphere reserves.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

A vegetative filter strip (VFS) is one of the best management practices (BMPs) to reduce pollutant loads. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of VFS in dense upland field areas. The study areas are agricultural fields in the Maedae (MD), Gaa (GA), and Jaun (JU) watersheds, where severe sediment yields have occurred and the Korean government has designated them as non-point management regions. The agricultural fields were divided into three or four clusters for each watershed based on their slope, slope length, and area (e.g., MD1, MD2). To assess the sediment trapping (STE) and pesticide reduction efficiency (PRE) of VFS, the Vegetative Filter Strip Modeling System (VFSMOD) was applied with three different scenarios (SC) (SC1: VFS with rye vegetation; SC2: VFS with rye vegetation and a gentle slope in VFS range; and SC3: VFS with grass mixture). For SC1, there were relatively short slope lengths and small areas in the MD1 and GA3 clusters, and they showed higher pollutant reduction (STE>50%, PRE>25%). For SC2 and SC3, all clusters in GA and some clusters (MD1 and MD3) in MD show higher pollutant reduction (>25%), while the uplands in JU still show a lower pollutant (<25%). With correlation analysis between geographic characteristics and VFS effectiveness slope and slope length showed relative higher correlations with the pollutant efficiency than a area. The results of this study implied that slope and slope length should be considered to find suitable upland conditions for VFS installations.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.369-390
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• 2023

Technologies for disaster management are highly sought areas for research and commercial deployment. Landslides, Flood, cyclones, earthquakes, forest fires and road/train accidents are some causes of disasters. Capturing video and accessing data in real time from the disaster site can help first responders make split second decisions which may save human lives and valuable resource destructions. In this context the communication technologies performing the task should have high bandwidth and low latency which only 5G can deliver. But unfortunately in India, deployment of the 5G mobile communication systems is yet to give a shape and again in remote areas unavailability of 4G signals is still severe. In this situation the authors have proposed, simulated and experimented a 4G-5G communication scheme where from the disaster site the signals will be transmitted by a 5G terminal to a nearby 4G-5G gateway installed in a mobile vehicle. The received 5G signal will be further relayed by the 4G-5G gateway to the fixed 4G base station for onward transmission towards the disaster management station for decision making, deployment and relief monitoring. The 4G-5G gateway acts as a relay and converter of 5G signal to 4G signal and vice versa. This relayed system can be further mounted on a vehicle mounted relay (VMR) as proposed by 3GPP in Release 18. The scheme is also in the same line of context with Verizon's, "Tactical Humanitarian Operations Response" (THOR) vehicle concept. The performance of the link is studied in different channel conditions, the throughput achieved is superb. The authors have implemented the above mentioned system towards smart campus networking and monitoring landslides activities which are common in their regions.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.179-179
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• 2023

This study suggests a new approach of water level forecasting for extended lead times using original data preprocessing with variational mode decomposition (VMD). Here, two machine learning algorithms including light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) and random forest (RF) were considered to incorporate extended lead times (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 days) forecasting of water levels. At first, the original data at two water level stations (i.e., SW173 and SW269 in Bangladesh) and their decomposed data from VMD were prepared on antecedent lag times to analyze in the datasets of different lead times. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and mean squared error (MSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the machine learning models in water level forecasting. As results, it represents that the errors were minimized when the decomposed datasets were considered to predict water levels, rather than the use of original data standalone. It was also noted that LGBM produced lower MAE, RMSE, and MSE values than RF, indicating better performance. For instance, at the SW173 station, LGBM outperformed RF in both decomposed and original data with MAE values of 0.511 and 1.566, compared to RF's MAE values of 0.719 and 1.644, respectively, in a 30-day lead time. The models' performance decreased with increasing lead time, as per the study findings. In summary, preprocessing original data and utilizing machine learning models with decomposed techniques have shown promising results for water level forecasting in higher lead times. It is expected that the approach of this study can assist water management authorities in taking precautionary measures based on forecasted water levels, which is crucial for sustainable water resource utilization.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.304-311
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• 2022

Construction inspection is a crucial stage that ensures that all contractual requirements of a construction project are verified. The construction inspection capabilities among state highway agencies have been greatly affected due to budget reduction. As a result, efficient inspection practices such as risk-based inspection are required to optimize the use of limited resources without compromising inspection quality. Automated prioritization of textual requirements according to their criticality would be extremely helpful since contractual requirements are typically presented in an unstructured natural language in voluminous text documents. The current study introduces a novel model for predicting the risk level of requirements using machine learning (ML) algorithms. The ML algorithms tested in this study included naïve Bayes, support vector machines, logistic regression, and random forest. The training data includes sequences of requirement texts which were labeled with risk levels (such as very low, low, medium, high, very high) using the fuzzy logic systems. The fuzzy model treats the three risk factors (severity, probability, detectability) as fuzzy input variables, and implements the fuzzy inference rules to determine the labels of requirements. The performance of the model was examined on labeled dataset created by fuzzy inference rules and three different membership functions. The developed requirement risk prediction model yielded a precision, recall, and f-score of 78.18%, 77.75%, and 75.82%, respectively. The proposed model is expected to provide construction inspectors with a means for the automated prioritization of voluminous requirements by their importance, thus help to maximize the effectiveness of inspection activities under resource constraints.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.20-20
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• 2020

Eranthis stellata Maxim. is a perennial plant that grows around the valley. E. stellata is concerned about the decline in natural habitats due to climate change in KOREA, continues to be observed and protected as an endangered species (Least Concrned, LC). Nevertheless, studies on the characteristics of the seeds of E. stellata are insufficient. So, this study analyzed the morphological characteristics and dormancy types of seeds. Seeds of E. stellata was collected in April at Gyeongsangbuk-do Arboretum and kept at 5 ℃ until using. To investigate the morphology of seeds, an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used. GA3 treated or untreated seeds (4 replicates of 25 seeds each) were observed germination and embryo growth for 1 month at 5 ℃ and 25/15 ℃ (12h day/12h night). The seed surface of E. stellata, light brown, was observed as a common characteristic of Eranthis genus, reticulate. The short axis of seeds was 1.11~1.77mm (average 1.44mm), and the long axis was 1.27~1.91mm (average 1.63mm), which was investigated in a slightly round shape (subglose). While no germination was observed at all conditions, Embryo growth was observed at 5 ℃ both in the control group and with GA3treated groups. Thus, seeds of E. stellata are classified as morphological physiological dormancy (MDP), which requires embryonic development and dormant break at the same time. These results can be useful information for determining morphological physiological seed dormancy and germination, and will be an important basic data for seed propagation of E. stellata as a resource.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.42-42
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• 2022

본 연구는 한반도의 중심 생태 축인 백두대간의 최북단이자 산림유전자원보호구역인 향로봉(1296m) 및 칠절봉(1172m), 둥굴봉(1305m)의 관속식물상을 조사하여 생태적 가치를 연구하고 생물 종 다양성 보전을 위해 진행하였다. 향로봉을 중심으로 2021년 6월부터 2022년 8월까지 총 5회 현장 조사를 실시한 결과, 총 70과 181속 237종 12아종 21변종 1품종 등 총 271분류군으로 확인되었다. 산림청 지정 희귀식물은 총 7분류군으로, 멸종위기(CR) 등급은 날개하늘나리, 끈끈이장구채, 봉래꼬리풀로 3분류군, 취약(VU) 등급은 만삼, 금강초롱꽃 등 2분류군, 위기(EN) 등급은 두메닥나무, 국화방망이로 2분류군이 확인되었다. 북방계식물은 껍질용수염, 개시호, 만삼 등 80분류군으로, 전체 분류군 중 28.8%를 차지하는 것으로 확인되었다. 한국특산식물은 한라사초, 할미밀망, 토현삼 등 17분류군이 확인되었다. 외래식물은 서양민들레, 애기수영, 토끼풀 등 11분류군이 확인되어 전체 분류군 중 3.9%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 확인된 식물구계학적 특정식물 중 V급은 날개하늘나리, 솜다리 등 2분류군으로 나타났으며, 그 외 IV급 15분류군, III급 25분류군, II급 38분류군, I급 14분류군이 확인되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2024

골재는 일반적으로 암석이 강에서 운반되거나 인공적으로 파쇄되어 형성된 모래와 자갈 등을 말하며, 건설 산업의 핵심 자원이다. 경상북도는 전국에서 가장 넓은 행정구역으로, 산림골재, 육상골재, 하천골재, 선별파쇄골재 등 다양한 종류의 골재를 생산하고 있다. 2022년 기준으로 약 696 만m³의 골재를 채취하였으며, 이 중 허가에 의한 채취물량은 약 407 만m³, 신고물량은 약 288 만m³이다. 경상북도의 골재수요는 레미콘 공급량의 추정 방법에 따라 1,239 만m³로 나타난다. 골재의 공급 측면에서는 약 120 개의 채취장이 운영되고 있으며, 대부분의 시군에서는 골재의 수요와 공급이 적절하게 유지되고 있다. 다만, 일부 지역에서는 경상북도 인접지역에 반입과 반출이 발생하고 있다. 경상북도의 골재의 반입과 반출이 많은 지역은 경부선을 따라 경상북도 남부와 대구광역시, 포항시로 연결되는 지역이며 인구의 분포와 높은 관련성이 나타난다. 경상북도는 인구 감소와 농촌 지역의 고령화, 지역 간의 균형 발전 부족 등의 문제에 직면하고 있으며, 연구결과로 제시된 GIS를 이용하여 출발지-도착지 분석을 통해 파악된 골재의 수요와 공급 흐름에서도 이러한 양상이 확인된다. 경상북도의 골재산업구조와 공간구조를 분석한 결과 현재 경상북도는 다양한 골재원의 공급으로 수요를 충족하고 안정적인 골재 수급이 유지되고 있다. 하천골재와 육상골재는 장기적인 개발이 어렵기 때문에 단기간 공급전략으로 유지될 수 있으며, 선별파쇄를 통한 공급은 원석 공급에 의존하여 안정성 유지가 어려운 상황을 고려하여 원석관리의 필요성을 제안하였다. 경상북도에서는 골재자원의 안정적 공급을 위한 장기적인 대안으로 산림골재가 중요 자원으로 부각되어 대규모 골재 채석장 개발의 필요성을 제시하였다. 본 연구결과는 골재 자원의 지속 가능한 관리와 안정적 활용을 위한 전략 수립에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.13-27
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• 2013

본 연구는 안동 하회마을의 최적의 조망점이자 요처인 옥연정사와 겸암정사를 포함한 부용대 일원의 식물상을 파악하고, 이를 근거로 민속마을이자 유네스코 세계문화유산에 포함된 부용대 일원의 식생 관리방안을 제시할 목적으로 시도되었다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 안동 부용대 일원의 전체식물상은 89과 217속 251종 1아종 38변종 11품종으로 총 301분류군이 확인되었다. 부용대 일원의 대표적 식생은 소나무림이며, 겸암정사 주변은 굴참나무림, 부용대 하식애는 모감주나무림으로 각각 구분되었다. 전체식물상 중 희귀식물은 원지, 모감주나무 등 14분류군이, 특산식물은 병꽃나무 등 7분류군이 확인되었다. 식물구계학적 특정식물은 IV등급에 원지 등 4분류군, III등급에 금털고사리, 애기석위 등 10분류군, I등급에 시무나무, 묏대추 등 13분류군으로 총 32분류군이 확인되었다. 또한 석회암지대 지표식물은 금털고사리, 왕팽나무, 절국대, 더위지기 등 총 11분류군으로 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 야생팬지, 붉은서나물 등 25분류군으로 구분되었으며, 이중 생태계교란식물인 가시박의 침입이 확인되었다. 이에 따라 귀화율(NR)은 8.3%이며, 도시화지수(UI)는 7.8%에 해당된다. 부용대의 고유한 전통 식생으로서의 회복을 위해서는 소나무림 상층의 리기다소나무와 중층의 물오리나무 점진적인 간벌이 필요하며, 겸암정사 주변에서 발견된 가시박을 비롯한 귀화식물에 대한 점진적인 제거방법의 마련과 장기적인 모니터링을 통한 지속적인 관리방안이 요구된다. 특히 화천서원 주변에 의도적으로 도입된 관상 및 경작외래식물인 뚱딴지는 자생식물로 대체되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 이 지역 희귀 및 특산식물인 원지는 현자생지 보전, 추가 자생지 확인 및 종자확보 등 유전자원의 현지 내외 보전이 반드시 필요한 식물이며, 부용대 하식애지형 특성을 잘 보여주는 모감주나무를 비롯하여 금털고사리, 절국대, 묏대추, 애기석위, 왕팽나무의 적극적 보존이 요망된다. 또한 갈모바위 부근에서 층길에 이르는 구간에 군락형태로 유지되는 등나무도 당분간 보호 및 관찰이 필요하며, 더불어 하식애 옥연정사에서 겸암정사에 이르는 층길의 안전성 확보를 전제로 교육적 활용을 위한 안내 해설판이 요구된다.