• Title/Summary/Keyword: Foreign cases

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Two Cases of Esophageal Perforation due to Esophagoscopy (식도경술에 의한 식도천공의 2례)

  • 손학순
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1978.06a
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    • pp.3.1-3
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    • 1978
  • Esophageal perforation tend to occur more frequently today because of the increased use of therapeutic and diagnostic endoscopy. Even the slightest trauma to the esophageal can be fetal. Thus, esophageal perforation carries a very high mortality and morbidity unless early diagnosis and prompt therapy are instituted. We have had two cases of esophageal perforation associated with periesophageal abscess due to esophagoscopy after removal of foreign body with good results. Therefore these two cases of esophogoscopic esophageal perforation are reported with a review of the literature.

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A Study on the Analysis of Evacuation Risk by Building Application for Fire Safety (화재안전을 위한 건축물 용도별 피난리스크 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Jin, Seung-hyeon;Koo, In-Hyuk;Seo, Dong-Goo;Kwon, Young-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2021.05a
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    • pp.164-165
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    • 2021
  • In Korea, in the case of fire scenarios in performance design, it is assumed that the sprinkler is not working. In addition, it does not applicate various fire conditions. Therefore it is not enough that the accuracy about fire scenario. In foreign countries, reseach is being conducted to predict the casualities that can occur due to fire in the building space through statistical risk analysis. Also, research is consistently conducting for design that consider the sprinker probability of operation. Therefore, to analyze the fire risk of each building in Korea, the risk was analyzed using statistical data. As a result, the risk of casualties that can occur for each building use was analyzed as 0.6(persons/cases) for residential buildings, 0.25(persons/cases) for sales facilities, and 0.12(persons/cases) for buisiness facilities.

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A study on taxation of foreign corporation's Permanent Establishment (고정사업장의 과세에 관한 연구: 플랜트 건설.판매기업의 사례를 중심으로)

  • Suh, Jung-Rog
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.71-96
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    • 2010
  • This article firstly reviewed Permanent Established(PE) concept of OECD and UN model tax treaty and compared it with that of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law(CITL). The various factors regarding profit like ways of deciding the local source profit, scope and calculation method which will be imputed to PE were also reviewed. Based on above, standard PE judgement basis and calculation method of local source profit were also studied by using actual cases in foreign corporation which performs plant construction & sales in Korea. Accordingly to properly solve the conflict regarding international tax and to protect the tax authority against the foreign corporation in Korea, by standing on equality, I now propose followings for the better concept of PE in Korea. Firstly, the article that a building site or construction or installation project constitutes a PE only if it lasts more than 6 months should be modified to reflect OECD model convention's criteria of 12 months. Second, the scope of 'subordinate attorney' which is regarded as PE under CITL is now including 'holding-delivery attorney', 'order attorney', and 'assurance attorney' as well as 'contract attorney'. This is overly limit the activities of foreign corporation. It had better be loosened only to include 'contract attorney' as OECD provisions. Third, the CITL limits the cases of preparatory and/or auxiliary place which is not regarded as PE, thus limit the foreign corporations' business by expanding the concept of PE. This had better be eased. Fourth, in deciding the amount of local source profits, the CITL stipulates to split the profits by the relevant contribution of transaction parties through 'profit split method'. To solve the conflict, the ways of profit split must be better clarified through providing object and detailed standard and basis.

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Esophageal Perforation: 9 Cases (식도천공 9례 보고)

  • Lee, Hong-Seop;Yu, Hoe-Seong
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.85-91
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    • 1978
  • H.S. Lee, M.D., H.S. Yu, M.D. Esophageal perforation occurred rarely but often lead to a high mortality and morbidity. In the past, the main cause of esophageal perforation in Korea were instrumental perforation in patient with lye stricture of the esophagus. We experienced 9 cases of other forms of esophageal perforation from 1972 through 1977 and obtained the following results. 1. These 9 patients ranged from 10 months to 40 years in age at the time of admission. Six were women. 2. Causes of perforation are instrumental perforation in 3, foreign body perforation in 3, spontaneous perforation in 3 and one pneumatic esophageal perforation. 3. Perforation developed in a variety of locations in the esophagus. Three occurred in cervical part, two in the upper thoracic part, two in the lower thoracic part. 4. The main clinical symptoms and signs were dyspnea, subcutaneous emphysema, chest pain and fever. 5. Thoracic rentgenogram disclosed subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema, widening of mediastinum and pleural effusion at the time of admission. 6. Complications of esophageal perforation were mediastinitis [7 cases], empyema [4 case], respiratory distress [4 cases] and sepsis [3 cases]. 7. In 3 deaths of the nine patients who sustained perforation of the esophagus, one was due to transfusion of infected blood and two of them were due to sepsis following empyema and mediastinitis. Early treatment [less than 24 hr] gave no hospital death, and good results obtained in the perforations of cervical and upper thoracic esophagus.

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A Study on the Recent Amendment to the Arbitration Rules of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board (대한상사중재원(KCAB) 중재규칙의 최근 개정내용에 관한 고찰)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon;Cha, Kyung-Ja
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.3-22
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    • 2012
  • The Korean Commercial Arbitration Board ("KCAB") recently amended its 'International Arbitration Rules' and the 'Arbitration Rules', which became effective on September 1, 2011. Under the amendment, the 'Arbitration Rules' will be referred to as the 'Domestic Arbitration Rules' and in principle apply only to domestic arbitration cases. Accordingly, the amendment removed all of the provisions relating to international arbitration cases. In addition, under the amendment, the 'International Arbitration Rules' will automatically apply to all international arbitration cases unless the parties agree otherwise. The amended 'International Arbitration Rules' establish new expedited procedures for the international arbitration cases before the KCAB. The KCAB has also instituted additional changes related to international arbitration cases including reduction in the filing and administrative fees and appointment of prominent international foreign arbitrators on its panel. The remuneration for arbitrators has also increased to bring them more in line with the fees provided by other leading international arbitration institutions. While several problems remain, these most recent revisions must be seen as a step in the right direction for the KCAB.

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Nontraumatic Pneumothorax -A Review of 56 Cases- (비외상성 기흉의 임상적 고찰)

  • 곽문섭
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 1969
  • We observed 56 cases of nontraumatic pneumothorax clinically and statistically, which had been experienced at the deparment of chest surgery. St. Mary`s Hospital,Catholic Medical College in theserecent years. 1] In the underlying pathology of spontaneous pneumothorax, nontuberculous origin [60.7%], especially due to pulmonary emphysema or blebs[17.8%], especially due to pulmonary emphysema or blebs[17. 8%], tended to increase as the reports of foreign countries, but tuberculous origin was still high in our country[39.3%]. Considering the 14 cases, unknown underlying pathology, the most of them might have scattered blebs which were not revealed in chest Roentgen films. 2] The principle treatment done in our clinic was as follows; The patients, below 20% lung collapse were treated by bed rest and abdominal respiration. The patients, between 20% and 40% lung collapse were treated by repeated pleural aspiration or closed thoracotomy followed. The cases,over 40% lung collapse were treated by closed thoracotomy initially. 3] The average duration of indweIling catheter was 3 to 4 days in the closed thoracotomy. We used to not remove the indwelling catheter early to promote pleural adhesion. 4] Sometimes, the closed thoracotomy drainage induces bronchial irritation and asthmatic attacks, especially in old age group accompanying pulmonary emphysema. In these cases, respiratory difficulties and acidosis should be prevented and controlled with medical treatment including steroid therapy.

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Cytologic examination sputum and bronchial secretion bronchofiberscopic sampling procedures in lung cancer (기관지경검사에서 객담세포검사의 암양성률에 대한 연구)

  • 김송명
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.138-145
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    • 1983
  • The value of exfoliative sputum cytology in diagnosis of lung cancer has been accepted with bronchoscopic technique and results has been much improved by foreign investigators, but there was not presented accurate reports for sputum cytologic evaluation in Korea. We tried to find indicators of cytologic tests result in our hospital. During the period between May, 1980 and August, 1982, 400 patients, tested at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery of Kosin Medical College, had diagnostic bronchofiberscopic examination, and the cytologic study of sputum and bronchial secretions were performed. The sputum or bronchial secretion during bronchofiberscopic examination were obtained with various methods and the name of specimen were labeled as I, ASPIRATION SPUTUM, which was collected initially endobronchial sputum as introducing of scope, II, WASHING SPUTUM, which was collected washing bronchial secretion, III, BRUSHING SPUTUM, which was washing solution of brushing instrument and endobronchial sputum after brushing of lesions, IV, POST-SCOPIC SPUTUM, which was expectorated sputum as soon as removing of scopic instrument, V, ALL SPUTUM CYTOLOGY & CELL BLOCK, which was collected all specimen of above procedures. The diagnostic results of bronchofiberscopic examination was disclosed 174 cases [43.5%] of proved lung cancer, 47 cases [11.8%] of suspected lung cancer in grossly, and 179 cases [44.8%] of others finding except cancer. Patient with bronchofiberscopically grossly evidence of lung cancer which were not confirmed histologically or cytologically were excluded from this cytologic study. Histologic and cytologic correlation in proven lung cancer, 174 cases was revealed that number of cytologic positive patients were 45 cases [38.7%] among the 117 cases of proved squamous cell carcinoma, 12 cases [38.7%] among hislogically unknown cancer 34 cases and 6 cases [33.3%] among small cell undifferentiated carcinoma 18 Gases. Total cytologic positive result was presented as 67 cases [38.3%]. The other type of lung cancer, histologically, could not comparison because of small cases. The sequence of positive cytologic result in I-V specimen were disclosed as II, WASHING SPUTUM 57.6%, and V, ALL SPUTUM & CELL BLOCK 41.4%. The I, III & IV result were 28.6%, 22.2% and 26.1% respectively.

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The Surgical Treatment of Esophageal Perforation (식도 파열의 수술적 치료)

  • Hwang Jung Joo;Joung Eun Kyu;Lee Doo Yun;Paik Hyo Chae
    • Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.15-20
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    • 2005
  • Background : It is well-known that esophageal perforation (EP) is difficult in diagnosis and has high mortality rate despite proper management. There are disputes in regarding the reatment in cases of delayed diagnosis although in the early diagnosed cases, operation is recommended without arguments. Methods: From April, 2001 to December, 2004, nine patients who were diagnosed as EP in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively about the causes, the interval between the cause and the treatment, and operation methods. Results: There were 8 male and one female with men age of 49.3 years (range: 25-67 years). The causes of EP included perforations following operations of corvical spine in three cases, spontaneous perforation(Boehaave syndrome) in two cases, foreign bodies in two cases, operation of esophageal diverticulum in one case and blunt trauma bytraffic accident in one case. Mean interval between the first treatments and the causes was 11.6 days (range: 2-30 days). The sites of perforation were upper third of esophagus in three cases, middle third in three cases and lower third in three cases. All except two cervical cases presented as mediastinitis or empyema at the time of diagnosis. Primary repair and irrigation had been performed in 7 cases but five cases out of them required more than two procedures. Conclusions : More than one procedure wasrequired in the treatment of EP because of contaminations and infections which had been spread at the time of initial manifestatios, howeverprimary closure and massive irrigation is the best method in order to preserve esophagus unless the remaining esophagus is extensively damaged.

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A Review on the Domestic and Foreign Lawa Connected with the Environmental Comservation and Ecology from Sandscape Architectural Point (조경적 측면에서의 환경보전 및 생태학 관련 국내, 외 법규에 관한 고찰)

  • 신익순;김용수
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.11 no.1
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    • pp.18-36
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to analyze the text relating to the environmental conservation and ecology among the text of the constitution of Korea and collect the domestic laws(40 statutes, 1 guide, 1 leading case) and the foreign laws(1 constitution, 34 statutes, 2 ordinances, 3 leading cases). To make the text of the collected domestic and foreign laws a comparative analysis of the conceptual principle, plan establishment and project operation, types, policy and allied projects, rights and duties, allowed and restricted acts, environmental impact assessment and administration procedure and system of the environmental conservation and ecology by items, it was considered to the mutual relation with lots of laws which are scattered with the various laws and studied to how to set the many foreign countries on their laws connected with the environmental conservation and ecology from the other department and carry out the advanced environmental works.

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A Case of Bronchial Foreign Body Misdiagnosed as Bronchial Asthma (기관지천식으로 오인된 기관지내 이물 1예)

  • Lee, Byoung Jun;Lee, Young Woo;Jung, Jae Woo;Shin, Jong Wook;Kim, Jae Yeol;Park, In Won;Choi, Byoung Whui
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.57 no.5
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    • pp.484-488
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    • 2004
  • In adults, aspiration of foreign bodies into tracheobronchus is sometimes presented atypically, mimicking chronic pulmonary diseases such as bronchial asthma, pneumonia, or empyema, especially without notice of aspiration or choking. In such cases, diagnosis and adequate treatments are often delayed. Suspicion of foreign body aspiration and computed tomography and bronchoscopic examination make correct diagnosis more early. We report a case of bronchial foreign body, which had been misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma with wheezing in the whole lung filed, and reversible airway obstruction in the spirometry.