• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2018

We present a patient who showed a sterile abscess after facial bone fixation with bioabsorbable plates and screws. He had zygomaticomaxillary complex and periorbital fracture due to falling down. The displaced bones were treated by open reduction and internal fixation successfully using bioabsorbable plate system. However, at postoperative 11 months, abrupt painless swelling was noted on the previous operation sites, left lateral eyebrow and lower eyelid. By surgical exploration, pus-like discharge and degraded materials were observed and debrided. The pathologic analysis revealed foreign body reaction with sterile abscess. This complication followed by bioabsorbable device implantation on maxillofacial bone surgery has been rarely reported in which we call attention to the maxillofacial plastic surgeons.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.282-286
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• 2017

Beta tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}-TCP$) is one of allogenic bone substitute which is known to have interconnected pores that draws cell and nutrients for bone generation. It has been resulted in good outcomes for bone defect coverage or augmentation. However, several studies have also reported negative outcomes and associated complications including unexpected formation of cystic mass, continuous pain and secretion. We present the case of a 36-year-old man with a right cheek cystic mass who had a history of right zygomaticomaxillary (ZM) complex fracture and surgical correction with ${\beta}-TCP$ powder insertion to ZM bone defect. Excisional biopsy under local anesthesia revealed calcified mass in a sinus tract which was found to be connected to the ZM bone defect site in postoperative computed tomography image. Further excision under general anesthesia was performed to remove the sinus tract and fine granules which filled the original defect site. Pathologic report revealed bony spicules and calcification materials with chronic foreign body reaction. Postoperative complications and recurrence were not reported.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2011

Purpose: Facial contouring surgery for improving congenital, acquired deformity and senile change were attempt in past. Recently contouring surgery became more interested subject for improving the flat forehead and temple area. Many synthetic materials were used such as Collagen, silicon, polyacrylamide gel as liquid form and Gore-tex, silicon implant, endotine as solid form. But, these synthetic implants associate complications as foreign body reaction, infection, displacement, granuloma formation and absorption. Auto-fat injection are used for disfigurement of many part of body. We did auto-fat injection for facial contouring of forehead and temple region. Auto-fat injection is suitable without foreign body reaction, displacement, and toxic reaction. Also auto-fat is relatively simple to obtain from patient and less expensive and able to repeat surgeries. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, 150 patients were treated with Auto-fat injection for facial contouring. For follow up, we sent questionnaire to all patients but 110 patients returned answer sheets. The patients consisted of 20 male patients and 90 female patients with an age ranged from 26 to 60, and the mean 43. Fat tissue were injected 6-8 cc in forehead, 7-12 cc in temple area and fat were harvested from thigh and abdomen. Results: In follow up, all patients, showed absorption of injected fat varied degree and except two patients all patients underwent secondary fat injection. Complications were minimal and neuropraxia of facial nerve were recovered. Most of the patients were satisfied with result of procedure, and answered that they recommend same procedure to their friends and will do surgery again. Conclusion: Auto-fat injections were implemented for facial contouring in 150 patients and obtained satisfactory result. Auto-fat injection is relatively easy procedure and applicable widely. Even though, by passing time, some of the injected fats are absorbed, auto-fat injection could be choice of treatment for contouring forehead and temple. With accumulations of cases and development of surgical technique, better result could be expected.

• Biomaterials Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2018

Background: Silicone implants are biomaterials that are frequently used in the medical industry due to their physiological inertness and low toxicity. However, capsular contracture remains a concern in long-term transplantation. To date, several studies have been conducted to overcome this problem. This review summarizes and explores these trends. Main body: First, we examined the overall foreign body response from initial inflammation to fibrosis capsule formation in detail and introduced various studies to overcome capsular contracture. Secondly, we introduced that the main research approaches are to inhibit fibrosis with anti-inflammatory drugs or antibiotics, to control the topography of the surface of silicone implants, and to administer plasma treatment. Each study examined aspects of the various mechanisms by which capsular contracture could occur, and addressed the effects of inhibiting fibrosis. Conclusion: This review introduces various silicone surface modification methods to date and examines their limitations. This review will help identify new directions in inhibiting the fibrosis of silicone implants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.877-878
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2005

In the 500m short track speed skating, the matter of who reaches the first corner first can important factor since each competitor races with all speed from the start to the first line. A filed study was attempted to kinematical estimation six female foreign skaters, who participated in the 500m female final round competition, and two Korea skates during the World Short track Skating Championship. The three dimensional motion analysis with DLT method was executed using four video cameras for analyzing the actual competition situation. In point of analyzing the actual competition situation, it is expected that skaters and coaches the effective informations, and the following conclusions are drawn; The elapsed time by phase in start motion of the foreign skaters appeared shorter those of Korea skaters, so the start training of Korea skaters should be strengthed. Also the displacement of C.G in the foreign skaters appeared shorter displacement than those of Korea skaters. Especially in the starting position, the foreign skaters are superior to Korea skaters in displacement of first(left) and next following stroke(right). The velocity of C.G and maximum velocity of skate blade of foreign skaters art faster than those of Korea skaters. And the foreign skaters show the superior early velocity change. Both of leaning body angle, and left and knee angle of the foreign skaters lead to positive point of having the propulsive force in the early starting position. Observing in the most prominent feature of foreign and Korea skaters in start phase, foreign skaters skate quickly the third stroke. These features of Korea skaters would appear disadvantage of location selection in entering the coner course.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 2004

Hydrogels with enhanced biocompatibility and biostability were prepared by copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and sodium methacrylate (SMA) at high monomer concentration to replace a sponge which has limited applications as an implant material. It was found that incorporation of SMA moiety suppressed cytotoxicity. P(HEMA-co-SMA) hydrogel prepared at SMA feed ratio of 0.05 showed minimal cytotoxicity as compared with a normal cell culture plate. The adhesion and the spreading of cells were preferred on the surface of the hydrogel prepared with SMA feed ratio of 0.01. On the other hand, the hydrogel prepared with SMA feed ratio of 0.05 showed lower cell adhesion. Histological findings revealed no evidence of significant foreign body reaction in the tissues around the copolymer hydrogels. Conclusively, it is suggested that the hydrogels prepared by copolymerization of HEMA and SMA at high monomer concentration are strong candidates for an implant material with excellent biocompatibility and biostability.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2010

Purpose: Nasal defect can be caused by excision of tumor, trauma, inflammation from foreign body reaction. Nose is located in the middle of face and protruded, reconstruction should be done in harmony with size, shape, color, and textures. We report various methods of nasal reconstruction using local flaps. Methods: From March 1998 to July 2008, 36 patients were operated to reconstruct the nasal defects. Causes of the nasal defects were tumor (18 cases), trauma (11 cases), inflammation from foreign body reaction (5 cases) and congenital malformation (2 cases). The sites of the defects were ala (22 cases), nasal tip (8 cases) and dorsum (6 cases). The thickness of the defects was skin only (5 cases), dermis and cartilagenous layer (7 cases) and full-thickness (24 cases). According to the sites and thickness of the defects, various local flaps were used. Most of alar defects were covered by nasolabial flaps or bilobed flaps and the majority of dorsal and tip defects were covered by paramedian forehead flaps. Small defects below $0.25 cm^2$ were covered with composite graft or full-thickness skin graft. Results: The follow-up period was 14 months. Partial flap necrosis was observed in a case, and one case of infection was reported, it was improved by wound revision and antibiotics. Nasal reconstruction with various local flaps could provide satisfactory results in terms of color and texture match. Conclusion: The important factors of nasal reconstruction are the shape of reconstructed nose, color, and texture. Nasolabial flap is appropriate method for alar or columellar reconstruction and nasolabial island flap is suitable for tip defect. The defect located lateral wall could be reconstructed with bilobed flap for natural color and texture. Skin graft should be considered when the defect could not afford to be covered by adjacent local flap. And entire nasal defect or large defect could be reconstructed by paramedian forehead flap.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.285-289
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• 2021

An eight-year-old, 3.4 kg, spayed female poodle dog was referred to Gyeongsang National University Animal Medical Center with obstinate bilateral retroperitoneal subcutaneous abscess. The medical history revealed ovariohysterectomy (OHE), lipoma, and mammary gland tumor excision performed two years ago. The dog presented with left retroperitoneal subcutaneous abscess discharge five months back and was treated by abscess drainage and antibiotics in a local veterinary hospital, but a relapse was reported on discontinuing antibiotics. On physical examination, the dog was febrile (40℃) and both retroperitoneal masses showed typical inflammatory reaction and purulent discharge. On serum chemistry analysis, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, and elevated levels of C-reactive protein were observed. Cytologic examination showed degenerative neutrophils and phagocytic macrophages. Radiological examination revealed encapsulated hypoechoic subcutaneous masses in bilateral abdominal flank and the left flank mass was connected with the caudal pole of left kidney through fistula. Based on the diagnostic examination, exploratory celiotomy was recommended and left nephrectomy, and resection of bilateral masses were performed. During procedure, fistula between caudal pole of left kidney and left subcutaneous abscess was detected and suture material was identified. Resected tissue was histologically examined and diagnosed as suppurative abscess caused by the suture material. This case report describes chronic suppurative foreign body reaction including caudal pole of left kidney and bilateral retroperitoneal subcutaneous masses induced by the suture material used in OHE two years ago and the necessity of computed tomography examination to identify character of mass and extent of surgical resection.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.184-194
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• 1996

A comparative study of three absorbable suture materials of chromic catgut, Dexon II (a polyglycolic acid suture with a polycaprolate coating system) and Coated Vicryl (a polyglactin 910 suture with a glycolide-lactide-calcium stearate coating system) was undertaken in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats and of tissue reaction in the intramuscular layer of rats. The initial tensile strength of chromic catgut and the tensile strength after 21 days were about 1.55 kg and 0.19 kg, respectively. Those of Dexon II were about 2.01 kg and 0. 20 kg, respectively. Those of Coated Vicryl were about 2.39 kg and 0.48 kg, respectively. Coated Vicryl showed the highest tensile strength among the three materials during the whole period. On the other hand, Dexon II showed the highest breaking elongation among the three materials during the first week. But the breaking elongation of Dexon II rapidly continuously decreased during the whole period. The appearances of the suture materials in the subcutaneous layer of rats showed that chromic catgut was the fastest among the three materials, whereas it formed comparatively much connective tissue. The intramuscular absorption rate and tissue reaction of Dexon II were similar to those of Coated Vicryl. The intramuscular absorption rate of these was fairly late when compared with chromic catgut. And the tissue reaction appearance of these showed the formation of a granuloma with foreign body giant cells, macrothages and epitheloid cells by the 28th day in the experimental period.