• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-267
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• 2008

This research develops a theoretical model of the influence of firm's internal and external characteristics on foreign knowledge learning and international performance. To verify research hypotheses, 222 cases were collected as samples and the data was tested by structural equation modeling analysis. The result of the analysis shows that the CEO's foreign experience, entrepreneurship, technological innovation and use of foreign network have positive influence on the international performance. Besides CEO's foreign experience and use of foreign network affects the foreign knowledge learning, which shows the useful relationship of international performance and accordingly it is proved that the foreign knowledge learning has mediating effect between the firm's internal and external characteristics and international performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2024

Purpose: This study is undertaken from the standpoint of student-centered learning and theoretical paradigms that have developed in the business world and display conceptual affinities: the transfer of knowledge and training. Research design, data and methodology: Utilizing questionnaire surveys and multivariate data analysis are two research methodologies (CFA, SEM). Around 201 undergraduate students who were studying in Vietnam provided the data. Results: The results show importance of the faculty role in students' knowledge acquisition. The findings show that Ability to form a good relationship positively influences the development of competence. Additionally, neither ability to develop a good relationship nor learning drive or knowledge acquisition are significantly correlated with one another. The growth of competencies is positively impacted by the suitability of teaching approaches. Knowledge acquisition is favorably impacted by learning motivation, and knowledge acquisition in turn is positively impacted by competence development. Conclusions: Research has shown the important role of lecturers in students' knowledge acquisition. From this result, some implications related to lecturers are also given to help improve students' ability to acquire knowledge. Building good relationships with students (ready to answer questions, positive relationships) and good expertise will help increase learning motivation, ability to acquire knowledge as well as improve development for students.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to discover how the use of digital applications can affect students' attitudes toward positive classroom participation and performance in learning a foreign language. Participants of this study were 128 students who took a foreign language class at a high school in central Korea. To find out students' perceptions and attitudes toward the effect of using a digital application for their foreign language study, online questionnaire and focus-group interview were conducted. Our research findings revealed that these students could engage in active language learning and experience learning improvement while studying a foreign language with digital applications. The improvement was possible by creating more interactive activities and quizzes. In addition, the digital application provided students immediate feedback. It gave students and teachers various motivations beyond the traditional 'chalk and talk' format of text-only-classes. This study provides an overview of the usefulness of digital application. In addition, it provides understanding for students' perceptions and involvement using digital application in a foreign language classroom.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.121-148
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• 2011

Korean small and medium sized firms are dramatically expanding during the past two decades. Since small and medium sized firms begun to invest overseas to cope with the external and internal business environment. the influencing factors should defined for the successful foreign investment. This paper presents the research model explaining successful knowledge transfer between Korean small and medium sized firms and partners for foreign investment. This model examines investing companies' organizational characteristics, partners' learning capability and relational characteristics between two partners. Detail variables include the learning culture and codifiability of investing companies, and absorptive capability of partners, and communication and trust as a relational factors between investing companies and partners. The result of empirical analysis of sample companies shows that knowledge culture and codifiability of investing companies, and communication from the relational factors are important for knowledge transfer. These results provide some implications for the successful foreign investment of small and medium sized firms. Firstly the investing company should develop its own learning culture and internal procedure for the successful foreign investment. And frequent communication channel is necessary for knowledge transfer and the trustful relationship between investors and partner.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.167-192
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• 2007

This study investigates the effects of written vocabulary exercises on lexical knowledge. Korean university students learning English as a foreign language were randomly assigned to one of four conditions-Condition 1 (having students match word form with word meaning), Condition 2 (having students fill in the blank provided with a list of words), Condition 3 (having students write sentences with the target words), Condition 4 (having students do three practices with the same vocabulary exercise as the condition 1). Each type of exercises in Condition 1, 2, and 3 was designed to classify a different level of mental processing except Condition 4 with multiple encounters of the target words. Learners' vocabulary knowledge of this study was obtained using a format adopted from the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) immediately and two weeks later. The findings indicated that: (1) Condition 4 having students do three matching vocabulary exercises was as effective as the condition 3 (one writing exercise) on the immediate learning of word; (2) although there was no significant difference of the effect of vocabulary exercises between Condition 3 and 4, Condition 4 asking students to do three matching vocabulary exercises was the most effective way of vocabulary retention after two weeks.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.135-178
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• 2021

A teacher's talk does not make a simple delivery of information. It reflects the role of the teacher, since the language used by a teacher intervenes in a crucial way in the complex mechanisms that underlie teaching and learning of foreign languages. In this sense, the ways in which teachers give feedback have an impact on the process, not only of learning, but also of teaching. The important role of emotional factors in learning has resonated strongly in the intuition of many second and foreign language teachers. As a result, over the past three decades, research on foreign language acquisition has confirmed the hypothesis that language learning is enhanced by rapport between teacher and student. This study analyses the positive feedback given by native Spanish teachers in the context of university classes in Korea. The positive words from a language teacher are related to forming emotional factors such as motivation, attitude, interest, self-confidence, self-esteem, anxiety, and empathy, which directly influence in the acquisition of Spanish. 35 hours of oral practical classes taught by three native teachers of Colombian, Spanish and Mexican nationality were examined. According to the result, almost all the correct answers from students were corresponded with some type of positive feedback. The most frequent strategies are making a compliment, an approval, a repetition, and laughter or non-verbal cues. It is interesting to observe that teachers don't use only a single strategy to provide positive feedback, but instead combine multiple ways to enrich the positiveness of the feedback.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.402-417
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• 2001

This study empahsized the nature of spatial patterns, characteristics and embeddeness of foreign business service firms in Korea utilizing questionnaire survey and interview data. Foreign business services firms are active in forming interfirm networks with clients and supply firms in Korea for widening the market share in Korea. But a low proportion of foreign firms is engaged in academies-industry linkages, government organizations, research institutes, and trade associations. Knowledge transfer and interaction also shows low level of network and the regional development of foreign firms is still in the process of developing, not quite embedded yet. Policy guidances and instituional supports are very essential to strenthen interfirm network and collective learning process of foreing firms in Korea lather than mechanical accumulation of investments. Thus, regional foreign direct investment policy should be targeted towards the incrementation of the potential of foreign firms as a knowledge-intensive industry.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to overcome the limitations of existing studies, which linearly determine the precedence factors of competency in overseas subsidiaries. The research objectives are as follows. First, what kind of nonlinear effects does the level of control held by Korean headquarters over foreign subsidiaries have in terms of competency in the subsidiaries? Second, what kind of nonlinear effects do the local experiences of overseas subsidiaries have on their competency? Design/methodology - With data on Korean multinational corporations (MNCs), this paper analyzes the effects of control levels of headquarters (HQs) and host-country experiences of foreign subsidiaries regarding competency in overseas subsidiaries. In particular, this study focuses on nonlinear models, differentiating it from previous studies. In order to examine research hypotheses, this study conducted a survey of overseas subsidiaries of Korean corporations. Surveys were conducted through various methods including e-mail, online questionnaires, fax, and telephone calls. Copies of the questionnaire were distributed to a total of 2,246 overseas subsidiaries, and 409 completed responses were collected. Excluding 15 copies that were insufficiently answered, responses from a total of 394 copies were used for analysis. Findings - This study presents the following results. First, there is a U-shaped relationship between levels of HQ control and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that higher levels of HQ control negatively impact the competency levels of subsidiaries because strict control undermines autonomy in subsidiaries. However, if the level of HQ control exceeds a certain point, then the transfer of knowledge between HQs and subsidiaries is facilitated. Knowledge transferred from HQs can be used as prior knowledge by foreign subsidiaries to the benefit of all parties. Accordingly, knowledge transfer negates the negative effects of excessive HQ control and positively affects competency in subsidiaries. Second, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between the local (host-country) experiences of subsidiaries and competency in foreign subsidiaries. This means that foreign subsidiaries can overcome the liabilities of foreignness and contribute to capability building by accumulating unique knowledge about their host countries. However, if local experiences accumulate excessively beyond a certain point, then the host country-specific experiences of foreign subsidiaries will offset the benefits discussed above. Excessive local experiences not only increase organizational inertia, but also create a problem of goal incongruence due to information asymmetry between HQs and subsidiaries. Therefore, excessive local experiences have negative effects on competency in foreign subsidiaries. Originality/value - This study suggests the following implications. First, unlike existing studies based mainly on linear models, this study presents important theoretical implications in its focus on nonlinear models and its analysis of the effects of HQ control and local experiences on competency in foreign subsidiaries from perspectives of organizational learning theory and agency theory. Second, in terms of practical implications, the results of this study suggest that optimally raising levels of HQ control and managing the local experiences of subsidiaries without increasing organizational inertia is important for enhancing competency in foreign subsidiaries.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.155-172
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• 2024

This study investigates the effectiveness of foreign language learning through diverse treatments in virtual settings, particularly by differentiating virtual environments with three textual enhancement techniques. A 2 × 3 mixed-factorial design was used, treating virtual environments as within-subject factors and textual enhancement techniques as between-subject factors. Participants experienced two videos, each in different virtual learning environments with one of the random textual enhancement techniques. The results showed that the interaction between different virtual environments and textual enhancement techniques had a statistically significant impact on presence among groups. In examining main effects of virtual environments, significant differences were observed in flow and attitude toward pre-post learning. Also, main effects of textual enhancements notably influenced flow, intention to use, learning satisfaction, and learning confidence. This study highlights the potential of Metaverse in foreign language learning, suggesting that learner experiences and effects vary with different virtual environments.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.143-159
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• 2019

This study explores the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (FDI) and innovation in 61 industries of Korea between 1999 and 2016. In order to mitigate the endogeneity problem due to potential reverse causality between FDI and innovation, we use the GMM (generalized method of moments). Our results are as follows. First, FDI has a positive effect on innovation. A possible explanation is that through FDI, multinational companies may assimilate host countries' technologies and knowledge by learning, and then recreating new technologies. Furthermore, this positive effect appears greater, as industrial competition becomes fiercer. This result provides empirical evidence that by recreating technology and knowledge learned through FDI with their own intangible assets, such as patents, they may gain a competitive edge over competitors. Second, this study confirms the greater positive effects of FDI in developed countries, as well as countries with higher technology levels. Finally, strategic asset seeking FDI has the greatest positive impact on innovation in Korean industries. In summary, our findings provide empirical evidence that Korean multinationals can learn technology and knowledge of host countries through FDI to secure a competitive edge in the Korean market.