• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.355-386
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• 2014

Current business environment asks the fundamental changes about business security. The essences of these changes are that the security management of today's global business is important task of managers and the security practitioner is professional who needs very specialized education and training with business thinking. Rapid process of globalization of global village tore down the business limit that was restricted on the geological areas' limitation. Rapid business environments' change that is driving depends on development of science and technology with globalization needs new paradigm to keep business continuity. With the process of globalization, Korea, which importance is gradually increasing in the national economy, has trade dependent economic system, which keeps power of national economy through trade, so Korean economic tendency is accelerating. To keep competitiveness in global market, new strategy that is different with existing domestic business management is necessary. That is, capacity of coping with outside risk in domestic business management is established in some degree, but business activities in foreign countries faces at numerous unexpected risks that differ from country to country such as difference with the custom, changes of corporate governance etc. To cope with these new risks effectively, new paradigm for business risk is necessary. Especially, flexibility of thinking like new paradigm is necessary to cope with new security risk effectively. To cope with security risk that occurs in the new business environment effectively and competes against international company in global market, company management and members' changes of cognition about security and innovative changes in security policy is necessary. In the basement of these changes, there is expansion of business security tasks, improvement of report line, enhancement of professionalism and status of security officers, variation of hands-on workers and increasing of investment to the security etc.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1994

Suture microvascular anastomosis is time-consuming and tedious and demands long and continuous training. Techinique of anastomosis of microvessel was presented interrupted suture and continuous suture. Recently the unilink instrument system is created as a fast and simple method to achieve high patency rates without long and continuous training in the anastomosis of small vessels. The author experimentally studied the femoral artery of 20 mice(0.5-1.0mm, av. 0.7mm), the femoral vein of 20 mice(0.8-1.6mm, av. 1.2mm) after anastomosis with interrupted suture in 20 cases and continuous sutre in 20 cases. For the unilink apparatus we used the carotid arteries of 15 cases in 14 rabbits(1.0-1.6mm, av. 1.3mm) and facial veins of 12 cases in 14 rabbits(0.9mm-2.2mm, av. 1.5mm). A total of 27 arterial and venous anastomoses were performed. We examined the postoperative patency at immediate, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks. The results were as followings, 1. In the arterial anastomosis the rate of patency was 90%(18/20) in interrupted suture, 90%(18/20) in continuous suture and 93%(13/15) in unilink apparatus. In the venous anastomosis the rate of patency was 90%(18/20) in interrupted suture, 80%(16/20) in continuous suture and 100%(9/9) in unilink apparatus. 2. The mean time for completion of the arterial anastomosis were 12.2 minutes in interrupted suture group, 10.3 minutes in continouous suture group and 8.5 minutes in unillnk apparatus group. The mean time for completion of the venous anastomosis were 13.6 minutes in interrupted suture group, 11.0 minutes in continuous suture group and 6.2 minutes in unilink apparatus group. 3. At the histological examination of suture group, hyperplastic reaction of middle layer and subintimal hyperplasia were observed. In unilink apparatus group, the endothelium layer was continued and the thickness of vessel wall was decreased due to moderate atrophy of the media and mild degree of nonspecific chronic inflammation were seen around the unilink apparatus. 4. No significants was noticied in foreign body reaction among the interrupted, continuous and unilink apparatus group. 5. A case of the arterial anastomosis was released with acting out at 15 minutes after operation. 6. The important factors in the technical problems were accurate apposition of the cut vessel edges in suture group and the proper selection of the ring size and optimal fitting between two rings in unilink apparatus group. Even though the outer diamater of vessel in suture group was different from that in unilink apparatus group the unilink method provides a very safe, fast, and simple way to perform microvascular anastomoses especially in anastomosis of vein. But howerver suture was needed in vessels below 1 mm outer diamater. In that situation continuous suture was benefit than the interrupted suture in operation time.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.211-214
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• 2001

Utilizing the foreign gene expression system of Drosophila melanogaster Schneider line 2(S2) cell, the degree of transient protein and mRNA expression was examined with different terminators. In the case of transient expression, the expression level of green fluorescent protein(GFP) was the highest when the transfection agent was eliminated and then cultivated for 36 to 48 hr. The terminators(SV40 p(A), SV40 small T-antigen and human gastrin 3'UTR) of the expression vector system were each cloned with endostatin; thereafter, the expression levels of the endostatin and its mRNA were compared. When the expression levels of endostatin were compared 36 hr after transfection, the SV40 p(A) terminator showed the highest expression level of endostatin and its mRNA.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 1999

Four strains of lactic acid bacteria which had cholesterol lowering activities were selected from foreign fermented milk. The strains were identified as Lactobacillus(L.) rhamnosus 2084, L. casei 0781, Lactococcus (Lacto.) lactis spp. 204, and Enterococcus(E.) faecium 402. We observed that the L. rhamnosus 2084 was the most tolerant against pH 1.5, L. casei 0781 against pH 2.0, but not significantly different in the tolerance against pH 3.0. The L. rhamnosus 2084 was the most tolerant against bile acid and prominent in the degree of lowering cholesterol level. All four strains were used as starters in producing yogurt, and then investigated physico-chemical characteristics, such as pH, titratable acidity, and viable cell counts of yogurt base. L. casei 0781, L. rhamnosus 2084, Lacto. lactis 204, and E. faecium 402 were incubated for 6 hours at $40^{\circ}C$, 4 hours at $40^{\circ}C$, 6 hours at $37^{\circ}C$, and 12 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the optimum conditions of fermented milk.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.125-144
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• 2016

All forms of Clinical trial should be fully equipped with protection systems for experimental subjects considering their uncertainty and various risks. Existing laws have some regulations in pharmaceutical affairs act and medical device act. Nonetheless, there is a limit to protect the subjects considering law objective to perform administration of medicine. Furthermore, the clinical trial on minor has no direct regulations in pharmaceutical affairs act, but prescribes certain portion in clinical trial assessment guideline on infants or medicine clinical trial management standard, however there is a limit because that is just recommendation not having legal effectiveness. The legislative solution would be possible for legal problems of clinical trial on minor by examining treatment system on minor in organ transplant act and clinical trial on minor in other foreign laws stronger than usual medical practice in terms of degree of human body invasion. I suppose that the control system of clinical trial being done focusing on the pharmaceutical affairs act, medical device act and other guidelines in existing laws system should be resolved by legislating 'trial subject protection law', in addition, this would be well balanced in organ transplant act on protection system of minor organ donors. Furthermore, the judgement on the consent ability and spontaneity in clinical trial on minor should be judged considering maturity and mentality of minor by clinical trial institutional review board based on legislative solution mentioned above.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.80-92
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• 2015

Some of alien plants, which were introduced from foreign countries, have caused problems in Korea. Invasion of these alien plants in the ecosystem threatens the habitat of endemic species, reducing biodiversity, and causing a disturbance in the ecological system. In urbanized areas of campus universities, a diverse range of organisms were found and a comparison between the sites, near roads or housing sites were made because the campuses provided a large biotope. Although the campus had been exposed to interferences like gardening, it was also a place for most organisms to live in an active floating population due to free access. This research investigated the flora of alien plants that appeared in Beakseok University, Sangmyung University, Hoseo University and Dankook University, and relationship between the distribution of alien plants and the campus and green areas and distance from the highway. The total number of plant species and naturalized species found in the four universities was 189 and 43 species. Those of Dankook University were 136 and 35 species, Hoseo 108 and 25 species, Sangmyung 103 and 31 species, and Baekseok 97 and 26 species, respectively. The abundance of natural plants for each respective university tended to be higher as it became closer to the highway. Also, the closer the walking distance to the university, the greater the tendency for the degree of similarity to be higher. As a result, we may conclude that the distribution of alien plants and anthropogenic activities may be closely related.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

A method to quickly estimate broadband moment magnitudes (Mwp) to warn regional and teleseismic tsunamigenic earthquakes is tested for application of the method to the different seismic observation environment. In this study, the Mwp is calculated by integrating far-field P-wave or pP-wave of vertical component of displacement seismograms in time domain from earthquakes, having magnitude greater than 5.0 and occurred in and around the Korean peninsula from 2000 to 2006. We carefully set up the size of the time window for the computations to exclude S wave phases and other phases following after the P wave phase. The P wave velocities and the densities from the averaged Korean crustal model are used in the computations. Instrumental correction was performed to remove dependency on the seismograph. The Mwp after the instrumental correction is about 0.1 greater than the Mwp before the correction. The comparison of our results to the those of foreign agencies such as JMA and Havard CMT catalogues shows a higher degree of similarity. Thus our results provide an effective tool to estimate the earthquake size, as well as to issue the necessary information to a tsunami warning system when the effective earthquake occurs around the peninsula.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2012

Purpose: In this study, the changes in the shape of silicone hydrogel lenses, dryness of lens and objective/ subjective symptoms that could be induced by repeating dryness of lens and objective/subjective symptoms were investigated. Methods: After drying and rehydrating of silicone hydrogel lenses with different lens material and thickness for 4 times, their overall diameters and base curves were compared. Subjective symptoms, non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUTs) and blinking rate were evaluated after wearing dehydrated silicone hydrogel lens. Results: Overall diameter and base curve increased in all tested silicone hydrogel lenses by repeating dryness and rehydration. The degree of change in over all diameter and base curve were variable on the material. There were irregular change of lens parameters in thicker lens. When the subjects wore silicone hydrogel lenses after drying and rehydrating, their NIBUTs were decreased and blink rates were increased regardless of lens material or thickness. In addition, repetitive drying of silicone hydrogel lenses affected the lens fitting. Therefore, subjective symptoms such as itching, pain, irritation, foreign body sensation, dryness tended to be increased. Conclusions: The results obtained from the study may suggest to develop durable silicone hydrogel contact lenses against dry environment since the changes in parameters of silicone hydrogel lens and the subjective discomfort were observed after repetitive drying and rehydration.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.161-166
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• 1996

6-ethyl-5,6-dihydrouracil($C_6H_10N_2O_2$) is monoclinic, space group $$P2_{1}c}$$ with a=10.302(2), b=10.419(3), $c=7.095(1)\AA$, $\beta=106.6(0)$, Z=4, $V=729.7(3)\AA$^3$$, $D_c=1.29 g/cm^3,\;{\lambda}(MoK\alpha)=0.71073\AA$, $\mu=0.010cm^{-1}$, F(000)=304, and R=0.054 for 1070 unique observed reflection with F>4.0 $\sigma(F).$ The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares refinement with the fixed C-H bond length at $0.96\AA.$ The hydrouracil molecule makes an envelope conformation with the ethyl substituent oriented to an axial position attainable to a varying degree of steric strain. There are two intermolecular hydrogen-bondings via N-H---O interactions, being nearly parallel to the 100 plane. The shortest distance between molecules is $3.187\AA$ of C(4) and O(8) (-x,-y, 1-z).

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2020

Plastic wastes generated from domestic waste are separated by mixed discharge with foreign substances, and the cost of the separation and screening process increases, so recycling is relatively low. In this study, as a fundamental study for recycling mixed plastic wastes generated from domestic waste into concrete aggregates, changes in concrete properties according to the plastic waste types and the substitution rate were evaluated experimentally. The mixed plastic waste aggregate(MPWA) was found to have a lower density and a higher absorption rate compared to the coarse aggregate with good particle size distribution. On the other hand, the single plastic waste aggregate(SPWA) was composed of particles of uniform size, and both the density and the absorption rate were lower than that of the fin e aggregate. It was found that the MPWA substitution concrete did not cause a material separation phenomenon due to a relatively good particle size distribution even with the largest amount of plastic waste substitution, and the amount of air flow increased little. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the PWA substitution concrete decreased as the amount of substitution of the PWA increased due to the low strength of the PWA, the suppression of the cement hydration reaction due to hydrophobicity, and the low adhesion between the PWA and the cement paste. It was found that the degree of deterioration in compressive strength and flexural strength of concrete substituted with MPWA having good particle size distribution was relatively small.