• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of waterlogging duration on the growth characteristics and productivity of forage corn at different growth stages under paddy field conditions. Treatments consisted of waterlogging at two growth stages (V7 or V14) for four waterlogging durations (no waterlogging, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours, respectively). The V14 growth stage was more vulnerable to waterlogging than the V7 stage. Among the waterlogging durations, the lodging score increased at 48 hours. The stem height of forage corn decreased with the increase in waterlogging duration at the different growth stages (V7 and V14). Increase in waterlogging duration reduced the stem dry matter yield, ear dry matter yield, and total dry matter yield at both growing stages (V7 and V14). The waterlogging treatments at the V14 stage affected ear dry matter yield more than those at the V7 growing stage. Thus, the management of forage corn under paddy field conditions must be strengthened during early (V7) and grain fill stages (V14). When waterlogging occurs, surface and subsurface drainage should be implemented within 48 hours to control (no waterlogging) the groundwater level and, thus, minimize economic losses due to forage corn damage.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This research was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding high and low forage diets with different forage sources on rumen fermentation characteristics and blood parameters of Holstein cows during the dry period. Eight Holstein cows were completely randomized assigned to two groups and repeated measurement was utilized in the analysis. Cows in two treatments were fed with diets with high (F:C = 70:30, 70F; forage source: mixed-sowing whole crop barley and Italian ryegrass silage, BIRG) and low (F:C = 55:45, 55F; forage source: tall fescue hay, TF) forage level. Rumen fluid pH was higher in 70F group. Levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid showed a similar pattern: from the lowest value at 07:30 h to the highest at 10:30 h and then decreased in both groups. The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 55F group at 09:30 and 10:30 h. Rumen fluid $NH_3-N$ concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 70F group at 09:30 and 10:30 h. Blood urea nitrogen was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 70F group. It was concluded that BIRG based diet with a high forage level had no adverse effects on rumen fermentation, some blood chemical parameters, and immune system in dry Holstein cows and could be used as a forage source instead of imported TF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.186-187
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• 2005

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2023

This study was conducted in Cheonan of central region in South Korea to evaluate the forage characteristics of early-maturing Italian ryegrass (IRG) within September, 2021 to June, 2023. The three different varieties of Italian ryegrass were prepared in this study 'Kogreen', 'Kospeed' and 'Kowinearly'. The results of heading date in this study, 'Kogreen' was the earliest in among cultivars and recorded 24th of April, whereas 'Kowinearly' was recorded the latest. In case of plant length parameter, 'Kowinearly' was the highest, in addition lodge tolerance score 'Kowinearly' also superior in whole cultivars. The dry matter yield of 'Kowinearly' was recorded significantly the highest (11,027 kg/ha), in contrast 'Kospeed' was recorded significantly the lowest (8,455 kg/ha). As a result of ADF and NDF content 'Kospeed' was recorded excellent value as compared the other two cultivars. The CP content of this study was excellent in the order of 'Kospeed' > 'Kowinearly' > 'Kogreen'. In case of the monosaccharides content 'Kogreen' had relatively higher glucose and fructose content than other four cultivars, therefore the 'Kogreen' has advantage for preparing high quality of silage. In conclusion, among the three different early varieties of Italian ryegrass, 'Kowinearly' was the superior in forage productivity, 'Kospeed' was the highest in feed value and 'Kospeed' had the highest in glucose and fructose content.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.665-674
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• 2019

Objective: In tropical regions, as in temperate regions where seasonality of forage production occurs, well-preserved forage is necessary for animal production during periods of forage shortage. However, the unique climate conditions (hot and humid) and forage characteristics (high moisture content and low soluble carbohydrate) in the tropics make forage preservation more difficult. The current study used natural ensiling of tropical forage as a model to evaluate silage characteristics under different temperatures ($28^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$). Methods: Four tropical forages (king grass, paspalum, white popinac, and stylo) were ensiled under different temperatures ($28^{\circ}C$ and $40^{\circ}C$). After ensiling for 30 and 60 days, samples were collected to examine the fermentation quality, chemical composition and microbial community. Results: High concentrations of acetic acid (ranging from 7.8 to 38.5 g/kg dry matter [DM]) were detected in silages of king grass, paspalum and stylo with relatively low DM (ranging from 23.9% to 30.8% fresh material [FM]) content, acetic acid production was promoted with increased temperature and prolonged ensiling. Small concentrations of organic acid (ranging from 0.3 to 3.1 g/kg DM) were detected in silage of white popinac with high DM content (50.8% FM). The microbial diversity analysis indicated that Cyanobacteria originally dominated the bacterial community for these four tropical forages and was replaced by Lactobacillus and Enterobacter after ensiling. Conclusion: The results suggested that forage silages under tropical climate conditions showed enhanced acetate fermentation, while high DM materials showed limited fermentation. Lactobacillus and Enterobacter were the most probable genera responsible for tropical silage fermentation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.145-156
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• 2024

Due to climate change and the expansion of cultivation areas through the use of reclaimed land, changes in the selection of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) varieties are anticipated. This study was conducted to compare the growth characteristics before overwintering, productivity, and feed value of eight Italian ryegrass varieties with different maturing stages under the same cultivation conditions. The variety 'Lm4ho', a medium-maturing type, showed superior growth characteristics before overwintering, including plant height, leaf length, and leaf width. The heading date was advanced in all varieties, with a greater degree of advancement observed in varieties with earlier heading dates. When harvested at the heading stage of the early-maturing types, the dry matter yield of the medium-maturing types was not significantly different from that of the early-maturing types. However, when harvested at the heading stage of the medium-maturing types, the dry matter yield was higher than that of the early-maturing types. Specifically, 'Lm4ho' produced 2,518 kg/ha more than 'Kowinearly'. The late-maturing variety IR901 and the medium-maturing varieties 'Lm4ho' and 'Kowinmaster' showed statistically superior dry matter yields. In terms of forage value, including crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV), the medium- and late-maturing types outperformed the early-maturing types. Notably, 'Lm4ho', 'IR 901', and 'Hwasan 104' were evaluated as suitable varieties for high-quality forage production. These results suggest that medium-maturing varieties may be suitable for double cropping in the central regions due to climate change. We propose that future breeding of Italian ryegrass should expand from focusing on cold tolerance and early-maturing varieties to include medium- and late-maturing varieties that consider both productivity and quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2019

We examined the adaptability of Korean winter forage crops such as Italian ryegrass, barley, oat, and triticale in Uzbekistan. The overall growth before wintering was slightly different between Uzbekistani and Korean varieties, but there was no significant difference among winter forage crops. The heading date of the Korean triticale 'Shinyoung' was the earliest, (April 4), and the heading date of the Uzbekistani triticale 'Frack cerebristy' was quite late, (April 25). The heading date of the Korean Italian ryegrass 'Kowinearly' was four days earlier than that of 'Kowinmaster,' on April 13, and that of the Korean barley 'Youngyang' and 'Yuyeon' were five days earlier than that of the Uzbekistani barley 'Bolgaly'. The maximum dry matter yield of winter forage crop was from Uzbekistan triticale, 'Frack cerebristy', which was 13,536 kg/ha. The dry matter yield of Uzbekistan barley was 8,222 kg/ha. Compared with Uzbekistan barley, 'Bolgaly', yields of Korean barley 'Youngyang' and 'Yuyeon', Korean oat 'Samhan', and Korean Italian ryegrass 'Kowinearly' and 'Kowinmaster' were 59~64%, 125%, and 113~133%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2021

Intercropping cereals with legumes is known to improve forage production and crude protein yield. Sorghum × sudangrass hybrids (SSH) have excellent dry matter content and high cultivation temperatures. In this study, we investigated the growth characteristics, forage productivity, and feed value of intercropping SSH with different legumes in rice paddy fields. We used five treatments in this study SSH monocropping and four intercropping treatments of SSH with, lablab, cowpea, sesbania, and two cultivars of soybean (Chookdu 1 and 2). SSH plant height was not significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments. However, the plant heights of lablab, cowpea, and sesbania were significantly higher than those of the two soybean cultivars. The total dry matter yield (kg/ha) was significantly higher in SSH monocropping than in intercropping; among the intercropping treatments, the one with SSH and Chookdu 2 yielded the highest total dry matter yield. The SSH feed value was significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments, although there were no differences between the intercropping treatments. Among the intercropped legumes, lablab showed the highest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents, and cowpea had the highest crude protein content. These results reveal that intercropping SSH with legumes in paddy fields could be a promising cultivation technique to maintain stable forage productivity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2001

This study was carried out to survey the weed distributions in 6 areas(Suwon, Seonghwan, Seosan, Taekwanryeong, Namwon and Yeongam) and to investigate the ecological characteristics of exotic weeds from 1997 to 1999. Total 44 species in 15 families of exotic weds were observed in grassland and forage crop field. Among them 4 species in 1 family were monocotyledonous and 40 species in 14 families were dicotyledonous weeds. Most common species among exotic weeds examined in this study were Rumex acetosella, Rumex crispus. Chenopodium album, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum orientale etc. Inedible weeds with hairs, prickles, fetor or poison were Solanum carolinense Xanthium strumarium, Datura stramnium, Erechtites hieracifolia, Anthemis cotula, Phytolaca americana etc. The relative density of Phytolaca americana increased with decreament of soil pH and content of available phosphate, and that of Solanum carolinense increased with decreament of soil pH and increament of available phosphate. Most of exotic weed seeds germinated well under light condition with $25~30^{\circ}C$, and some of those were hard or dormant seed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2001

In an effort to investigate the germination and growth characteristics of tannin containing forage crops (such as chicory, birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus pedunculatus, sulla, lespedeza, crownvetch, sainfoin), germinativity, seedling vigor, and productivity were studied. Although the cumulative germination percentage (CGP) of chicory and birdsfoot trefoil was low, the germination rate(GR) and days to reach 50% of final germination(Gt50) were excellent. Crownvetch, lespedeza and sainfoin showed poor germination. Chicory seeds were light but the rate of emergence and establishment were high. Seeds of Lotus pedunculatus and birdsfoot trefoil were also small, but their rates of emergence and establishment were quite good. On the other hand, seeds of sainfoin and crownvetch were heavy but their emergence and establishment rate were very low. Lespedeza was the best in getting over the hot summer, and crownvetch also survived well during summer. Chicory was good in productivity and early growing but its persistence was not good. In case of birdsfoot trefoil and Lotus pedunculatus their early growing were slow but their productivity and persistence were fairly well. Lespedeza, crownvetch, and sainfoin showed poor growth in Korea. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that chicory would be better to use as short term high productive forage crop, and Lotus pedunculatus and birdsfoot trefoil could be used as continuous functional forage crops in Korea. (Key words : Tannin. Germination. Chicory. Birdsfoot trefoil, Lotus pedunculatus)